211 research outputs found
Transcranial direct current stimulation and attention skills in burnout patients: a randomized blinded sham-controlled pilot study
No full textDataset for the study using tDCS over left DLPFC on attention and other measures in burnout patients
Cerebellum and Neurorehabilitation in Emotion with a Focus on Neuromodulation
No full textMore and more research has focused on the role of the cerebellum in emotions and social cognition. Structural cerebellar and cerebello-cerebral connectivity abnormalities have been identified in several prevalent neuropsychiatric conditions, which have in some cases even been linked to the severity of the emotional disorder. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques are currently used to modulate neuronal excitability and tune the connectivity within and between neuronal networks. Targeting the cerebellum with NIBS in order to improve emotions and social behavior in neuropsychiatric conditions seems to be a very interesting and innovative approach. Several studies have already explored the effect of cerebellar vermis stimulation in patients with schizophrenia with promising results. Other neuropsychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder (BD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), major depressive disorder, or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) have received less attention with respect to cerebellar stimulation, although the cerebellum has been implicated in these disorders. We will address NIBS and neuropsychiatric disorders in this chapter. Future research should focus on combining cerebellar NIBS with neuroimaging to unravel the specific role of the cerebellum in emotional disorders. Such studies will be very valuable in establishing causal relationships between the structural and functional abnormalities that can be observed in these disorders, and in the search for neurophysiological biomarkers for emotions. However, it is still unclear which stimulation parameters are optimal. Moreover, an important factor to consider when applying cerebellar NIBS in order to improve emotional or other functioning is cerebellar reserve. Although the cerebellum has a wide variety of plasticity mechanisms and its structural organization intrinsically incorporates a lot of redundancy, this redundancy can be depleted. A certain amount of cerebellar reserve should be preserved to successfully apply NIBS. Systematic studies are therefore needed to clarify the optimal stimulation parameters, and methods should be developed to quantify cerebellar reserve in order to estimate the possible added value of NIBS in the rehabilitation of emotions
Optimalisatie van tDCS parameters voor motorisch leren bij gezonde ouderen
No full textDoelstellingen: Het doel van dit onderzoek is om de optimale intensiteit instellingen van tDCS bij ouderen te achterhalen zodat het motorisch leren het best gestimuleerd wordt. Bovendien worden de algemene effecten van de stimulatie ook bekeken.
Participanten: In dit onderzoek werden drie gezonde, rechtshandige proefpersonen geïncludeerd met een leeftijd van 65 tot en met 88 jaar.
Metingen: De proefpersonen werden gevraagd om acht metingen te ondergaan (vier weken met twee metingen per week op twee volgende dagen). Elke week werden de proefpersonen gestimuleerd met een andere intensiteit en werd er gebruik gemaakt van een andere sequentie. Uit de data die er werd geëxtraheerd werd de performance index (PI) berekend aan de hand van de gemiddelde duur van een sequentie en het aantal juiste sequenties dat werd ingevoerd per blok. Met deze PI werden de algemene motorische vaardigheden (AMV) en het sequentie specifiek leren (SSL) berekend.
Resultaten: Er werden voor zowel AMV als SSL geen significante verschillen gevonden tussen de verschillende intensiteiten noch bij de verschillende tijdstippen. De kwalitatieve analyse gaf wel weer dat de sequenties vergelijkbaar zijn in moeilijkheid.
Conclusie: In dit onderzoek konden geen significante resultaten gevonden worden er. Meer onderzoek is nodig om de optimale parameters te kunnen vinden
Het effect van cerebellaire stimulatie op de snelheid waarmee een complexe bimanuele tracking taak wordt uitgevoerd bij ouderen en jongeren
No full textHet document betreft de masterproef.
Het onderzoek betrof een project gespreid over twee jaar, waarin men op zoek ging naar de effecten van cerebellaire stimulatie.
Meer concreet trachtte men om een antwoord te bieden op volgende onderzoeksvraag: “In welke mate heeft cerebellaire stimulatie een positieve invloed op de snelheid bij het uitvoeren van een bimanuele tracking taak bij ouderen en jongeren?
Het effect van cerebellaire stimulatie op de snelheid waarmee een complexe bimanuele tracking taak wordt uitgevoerd bij ouderen en jongeren
No full textHet document betreft de masterproef.
Het onderzoek betrof een project gespreid over twee jaar, waarin men op zoek ging naar de effecten van cerebellaire stimulatie.
Meer concreet trachtte men om een antwoord te bieden op volgende onderzoeksvraag: “In welke mate heeft cerebellaire stimulatie een positieve invloed op de snelheid bij het uitvoeren van een bimanuele tracking taak bij ouderen en jongeren?
Connectivity between the cerebrum and cerebellum during social and non-social sequencing using dynamic causal modelling
No full textThis analysis explores the effective connectivity of the cerebellum with the cerebral cortex during the generation of correct sequences of social and non-social events, using dynamic causal modelling (DCM). Our hypothesis is that during human evolution, the cerebellum's function evolved from a mere coordinator of fluent sequences of motions and actions, to an interpreter of action sequences without overt movements that are important for social understanding. This requires efficient neural communication between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex. In a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, participants generated the correct chronological order of (non-)social events, including stories involving mechanical and social scripts, and true or false beliefs. Across all stories, a DCM analysis of these data revealed, as predicted, bidirectional (closed-loop) connections linking the bilateral posterior cerebellum with the bilateral temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) associated with behavior understanding, and this connectivity pattern was almost entirely significant. There was also a unidirectional connection from the right posterior cerebellum to the precuneus, but no direct connections with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Moreover, all connections emanating from the bilateral posterior cerebellum were negative, indicative of some kind of error signal. Within the cerebral cortex, there were unidirectional connections from the bilateral TPJ to the dmPFC, as well as bidirectional connections between the precuneus and dmPFC, and between the bilateral TPJ. These results confirm that the effective connectivity between the posterior cerebellum and mentalizing areas in the cerebral cortex play a critical role in the understanding and construction of the correct order of social and non-social action sequences.This research was funded by a Strategic Research Program (SPR57) awarded by the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
Midfrontal Theta and Cognitive Control During Interlimb Coordination Across the Adult Lifespan
No full textInterlimb coordination is required for adequate execution of most daily life activities. Yet, aging negatively affects interlimb coordination, impacting the quality of life in older people. Therefore, disentangling the underlying age-related neural mechanisms is of utmost importance. Here, we investigated neurophysiological processes of an interlimb reaction time task, including both simple and complex coordination modes. Midfrontal theta power, measured using electroencephalography (EEG), was analyzed as a marker for cognitive control. In total, 82 healthy adults participated, with 27 younger, 26 middle-aged, and 29 older adults. On a behavioral level, reaction time increased across the adult lifespan, and error rate was higher in older adults. Notably, aging disproportionately affected reaction times in the complex coordination modes, with larger reaction time increases from simple to complex movements than in younger adults, starting already at middle age. On the neurophysiological level, EEG showed that only younger adults had significantly increased levels of midfrontal theta power during complex relative to simple coordination modes, while no significant differences were found between simple and complex movements in middle-aged and older adults. The absence of this theta power upregulation with regard to movement complexity with increasing age might reflect a premature saturation of the available mental resources.This study was supported by the Special Research Fund (BOF) of Hasselt University (BOF20AF03). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
Transcranial direct current stimulation and attention skills in burnout patients: a randomized sham-controlled pilot study
No full textEffect of time constraints on aging while performing a bimanual task
No full textIn deze thesis wordt het effect berekend van veroudering op het toevoegen van tijdsdruk tijdens een bimanuele coördinatietaak
Effect of time constraints on aging while performing a bimanual task
No full textIn deze thesis wordt het effect berekend van veroudering op het toevoegen van tijdsdruk tijdens een bimanuele coördinatietaak
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