1,721,086 research outputs found
A Conceptual Framework for Safe-and-Sustainable-by-Design to Support Sustainable Business Model Innovation and New Product Development
Get PDFIn order to reach a sustainable future and meet the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), business model innovation (BMI) needs to explore theoretical and practical intersections of the traditional innovation management (IM) and new product development (NPD) processes with sustainability considerations. New environmental and health policy ambitions such as those presented in the European Green Deal and the EU Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability (CSS) challenge traditional IM theories on BMI and NPD processes. The Safe-and-Sustainable-by-Design (SSbD) concept is a central element of the CSS and demands a novel approach that integrates innovation with safety, sustainability and circularity of materials, products and processes without compromising their functionality or their technical and/or commercial viability. Importantly, adopting such a concept can prevent regrettable substitutions, future liability and brand image issues for companies. To achieve this, companies must design products with minimal environmental impact, adopt circular economy principles, and ensure social responsibility throughout the value chain, whilst economic viable. By doing so, companies contribute to economic, environmental, and social sustainability. In this perspective, a conceptual framework is proposed on how to achieve sustainable BMI and NPD by integrating traditional IM tools with SSbD using life cycle thinking principles considering external and internal drivers
Updated assessment of the genotoxic potential of titanium dioxide based on reviews of in vitro comet, mode of action and cellular uptake studies, and recent publications
Get PDFIn 2021 the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) concluded that "A concern for genotoxicity of TiO2 particles that may be present in E 171 could therefore not be ruled out.". A detailed review of the genotoxicity of titanium dioxide (TiO ) was subsequently published by Kirkland et al. (2022) using a comprehensive weight of evidence (WoE) approach in which test systems and endpoints were allocated different levels of relevance. At that time only 34 publications met the reliability and quality criteria for being most relevant in the evaluation of genotoxicity, and based on these it was concluded that the existing evidence did not support a direct DNA damaging mechanism for TiO . Recently a number of regulatory opinions have been published, in which papers were cited that described in vitro DNA damage (mainly comet), mode of action, and cellular uptake studies that were not discussed in Kirkland et al. (2022). Furthermore, a number of additional papers have been published recently or have been identified from the regulatory opinions as a result of using extended search criteria. A total of 70 publications not previously reviewed in Kirkland et al. (2022) have been reviewed here, and again show that the published data on the genotoxicity of TiO are inconsistent, often of poor quality, and in some cases difficult to interpret. The cellular uptake studies show some evidence of cytoplasmic uptake, particularly in cells treated in vitro, but there is no convincing evidence of nuclear uptake. In terms of genotoxicity, the conclusions of Kirkland et al. (2022) that existing evidence does not support a direct DNA damaging mechanism for titanium dioxide (including nano forms), and that the main mechanism leading to TiO genotoxicity is most likely indirect damage to DNA through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), are still valid. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Opinion of the Scientific Committee on consumer safety (SCCS) - Opinion on the use of 2,2′-methylene-bis-(6-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol) (nano) – S79 – In cosmetic products
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The application of existing genotoxicity methodologies for grouping of nanomaterials: towards an integrated approach to testing and assessment
Get PDFThe incorporation of nanomaterials (NMs) in consumer products has proven to be highly valuable in many sectors. Unfortunately, however, the same nano specific physicochemical properties, which make these material attractive, might also contribute to hazards for people exposed to these materials. The physicochemical properties of NMs will impact their interaction with biological surroundings and influence their fate and their potential adverse effects such as genotoxicity. Due to the large and expanding number of NMs produced, their availability in different nanoforms (NFs) and their utilization in various formats, it is impossible for risk assessment to be conducted on an individual NF basis. Alternative methods, such as grouping are needed for streamlining hazard assessment. The GRACIOUS Framework provides a logical and science evidenced approach to group similar NFs, allowing read-across of hazard information from source NFs (or non-NFs) with adequate hazard data to target NFs that lack such data. Here, we propose a simple three-tiered testing strategy to gather evidence to determine whether different NFs are sufficiently similar with respect to their potential to induce genotoxicity, in order to be grouped. The tiered testing strategy includes simple in vitro models as well as a number of alternative more complex multi-cellular in vitro models to allow for a better understanding of secondary NM-induced DNA damage, something that has been more appropriate in vivo until recently
Real-Time Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction: Technical Considerations for Gene Expression Analysis
No full textInhibition of human APE1 and MTH1 DNA repair proteins by dextran-coated γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Get PDFBone morphogenic factor gene dosage abnormalities in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer
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