23 research outputs found
Kulturní odlišnosti aplikované v mezinárodním marketing – případová studie “L´Oreal na trzích ASEAN”
No full textAbstrakt Na základě vlastních zájmů, původu a preferencí autor považuje “kulturní odlišnosti” za jednu z největších výzev mezinárodního marketingu, a proto se rozhodl na tuto problematiku ve své diplomové práci zaměřit. Sbližování očekávání a potřeb zákazníků napříč světem vytváří příležitost pro globální trhy, které naopak vyžadují flexibilitu kulturních hodnot. Firmy rozšiřují svou působnost do vzdálených koutů světa a porozumnění kulturním odlišnostem je zásadní pro jejich úspěch. V tomto kontextu autor zkoumal faktory, které ovlivňují vstup mezinárodních firem na trhy Sdružení národů jihovýchodní Asie (ASEAN) s důrazem na Maynmar.Abstract According to preferences, background and interest of the author, “Cultural Difference” which is one of the most challenging aspects of the international marketing and this Master thesis focuses on it. The convergence of consumer expectations and wants around the world has created the opportunity for global markets and flexibility among cultural values is necessary in today's economy. Companies are extending their production all over the world and understanding cultural diversity is critical for the success of a company. These elements were combined by the authors in order to investigate how these factors influence an international company entering the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) market, especially Myanmar
Three distinct 3-methylcytidine (m3C) methyltransferases modify tRNA and mRNA in mice and humans
No full textChemical RNA modifications are central features of epitranscriptomics, highlighted by the discovery of modified ribonucleosides in mRNA and exemplified by the critical roles of RNA modifications in normal physiology and disease. Despite a resurgent interest in these modifications, the biochemistry of 3-methylcytidine (m3C) formation in mammalian RNAs is still poorly understood. However, the recent discovery of trm141 as the second gene responsible for m3C presence in RNA in fission yeast raises the possibility that multiple enzymes are involved in m3C formation in mammals as well. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of three distinct m3C-contributing enzymes in mice and humans. We found that methyltransferase-like (METTL) 2 and 6 contribute m3C in specific tRNAs and that METTL8 only contributes m3C to mRNA. MS analysis revealed that there is an ∼30–40% and ∼10–15% reduction, respectively, in METTL2 and -6 null-mutant cells, of m3C in total tRNA, and primer extension analysis located METTL2-modified m3C at position 32 of tRNAThr isoacceptors and tRNAArg(CCU). We also noted that METTL6 interacts with seryl-tRNA synthetase in an RNA-dependent manner, suggesting a role for METTL6 in modifying serine tRNA isoacceptors. METTL8, however, modified only mRNA, as determined by biochemical and genetic analyses in Mettl8 null-mutant mice and two human METTL8 mutant cell lines. Our findings provide the first evidence of the existence of m3C modification in mRNA, and the discovery of METTL8 as an mRNA m3C writer enzyme opens the door to future studies of other m3C epitranscriptomic reader and eraser functions.NRF (Natl Research Foundation, S’pore)MOE (Min. of Education, S’pore)Published versio
Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancers from Myanmar Women: A Study of 91 Cases at Two Pathology Centers
No full textBACKGROUND:
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Myanmar women. Revealing the hormonal receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and Ki-67 expression is useful for estimating patient prognosis as well as determination of treatment strategy. However, immunohistochemical features and classification of molecular subtypes in breast cancers from Myanmar remain unknown.
METHODS:
The clinicopathological features of 91 breast cancers from Myanmar women were examined. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue specimens with antibodies to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), HER2, Ki-67, cytokeratin (CK)5/6 and CK14. Immunohistochemistry-based molecular subtyping was conducted.
RESULTS:
Breast cancers in Myanmar women were relatively large, high grade with frequent metastatic lymph nodes. Of the 91 patients, tumors with ER positive, PgR positive, and HER2 positive were 57.1%, 37.4%, and 28.6%, respectively. The most prevalent subtype was luminal B (HER2-) (39.6%), followed by HER2 (22.0%), triple negative (TN)-basal-like (12.1%), luminal A (11.0%), TN-null (8.8%) and luminal B (HER2+) (6.6%). The mean Ki-67 expression of 91 cases was 33.9% (33.9% ± 19.2%) and the median was 28% (range; 4%-90%). The mean Ki-67 expression of luminal A, luminal B, HER2 and TN-basal-like/ null was 7%, 30%, 40%, and 57%/43%, respectively. A higher Ki-67 expression significantly correlated with a higher grade, larger size and higher stage of malignancy.
CONCLUSIONS:
We, for the first time, investigated the histopathological features of breast cancers from Myanmar women. Myanmar breast cancers appeared to be aggressive in nature, as evidenced by high frequency of poor-prognosis subtypes with high level of Ki-67 expression
Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancers from Myanmar Women: A Study of 91 Cases at Two Pathology Centers
No full textBACKGROUND:
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Myanmar women. Revealing the hormonal receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and Ki-67 expression is useful for estimating patient prognosis as well as determination of treatment strategy. However, immunohistochemical features and classification of molecular subtypes in breast cancers from Myanmar remain unknown.
METHODS:
The clinicopathological features of 91 breast cancers from Myanmar women were examined. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue specimens with antibodies to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), HER2, Ki-67, cytokeratin (CK)5/6 and CK14. Immunohistochemistry-based molecular subtyping was conducted.
RESULTS:
Breast cancers in Myanmar women were relatively large, high grade with frequent metastatic lymph nodes. Of the 91 patients, tumors with ER positive, PgR positive, and HER2 positive were 57.1%, 37.4%, and 28.6%, respectively. The most prevalent subtype was luminal B (HER2-) (39.6%), followed by HER2 (22.0%), triple negative (TN)-basal-like (12.1%), luminal A (11.0%), TN-null (8.8%) and luminal B (HER2+) (6.6%). The mean Ki-67 expression of 91 cases was 33.9% (33.9% ± 19.2%) and the median was 28% (range; 4%-90%). The mean Ki-67 expression of luminal A, luminal B, HER2 and TN-basal-like/ null was 7%, 30%, 40%, and 57%/43%, respectively. A higher Ki-67 expression significantly correlated with a higher grade, larger size and higher stage of malignancy.
CONCLUSIONS:
We, for the first time, investigated the histopathological features of breast cancers from Myanmar women. Myanmar breast cancers appeared to be aggressive in nature, as evidenced by high frequency of poor-prognosis subtypes with high level of Ki-67 expression
Patient perceptions of treatment and illness when prescribed multiple medicines for co-morbid type 2 diabetes
No full textIllness and treatment perceptions are vital for people self-managing co-morbid conditions with associated cardiovascular disease, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, perceptions of a co-morbid condition and the use of multiple medicines have yet to be researched. This study investigated the illness and treatment perceptions of people with co-morbid T2D. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (repeated for T2D, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia) and the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire Specific Concerns Scales (repeated for Oral hypoglycemic agents, anti-hypertensive medicines, and statins) were sent to 480 people managing co-morbid T2D. Data on the number of medicines prescribed were collected from medical records. Significantly different perceptions were found across the illnesses. The strongest effect was for personal control; the greatest control reported for T2D. Illness perceptions of T2D differed significantly from perceptions about hyperlipidemia. Furthermore, illness perceptions of T2D also differed from perceptions of hypertension with the exception of perceptions of illness severity. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia shared similar perceptions about comprehensibility, concerns, personal control, and timeline. Significant differences were found for beliefs about treatment necessity, but no difference was found for treatment concerns. When the number of medicines was taken as a between-subjects factor, only intentional non-adherence, treatment necessity beliefs, and perceptions of illness timeline were accounted for. Co-morbid illness and treatment perceptions are complex, often vary between illnesses, and can be influenced by the number of medicines prescribed. Further research should investigate relationships between co-morbid illness and treatment perception structures and self-management practices
An essay on economic reforms and social change in China
No full textThe author applies a systems-oriented"holistic"approach to China's radical economic reforms during the past quarter of a century. He characterizes China's economic reforms in terms of a multidimensional classification of economic systems. When looking at the economic consequences of China's change of economic system, he deals with both the impressive growth performance and its economic costs. The author also studies the consequences of the economic reforms for the previous social arrangements in the country, which were tied to individual work units-agriculture communes, collective firms, and state-owned enterprises. He continues with the social development during the reform period, reflecting a complex mix of social advances, mainly in terms of poverty reduction, and regresses for large population groups in terms of income security and human services, such as education and, in particular, health care. Next, the author discusses China's future policy options in the social field, whereby he draws heavily on relevant experiences in industrial countries over the years. The future options are classified into three broad categories: policies influencing the level and distribution of factor income, income transfers including social insurance, and the provision of human services.Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,Investment and Investment Climate,Privatization,Economic Systems
Evidence of Quaternary and recent activity along the Kyaukkyan Fault, Myanmar
No full textCenozoic right-lateral shear between the eastern Indian margin and Eurasia is expressed by numerous N-S trending fault systems inboard of the Sunda trench and onshore Myanmar, including the Sagaing Fault. At the margin of this belt is the prominent ~500 km long Kyaukkyan Fault, on the Shan Plateau in the east. Myanmar’s largest recorded earthquake, Mw7.7 on 23rd May 1912, focused near Maymyo, has been attributed to the Kyaukkyan Fault, but the area has experienced little significant seismicity since then. Despite its demonstrated seismic potential and remarkable topographic expression, questions remain about the Kyaukkyan Fault’s neotectonic history.In this study we document robust geologic evidence of fault activity along the Kyaukkyan Fault. Field investigation and interpretation of satellite imagery reveal deformation features developed along a fault system mostly indicative of Quaternary dextral strike-slip faulting. Clearly defined tectonic geomorphology, including fault scarps and linear valleys, are used to trace the northernmost and southernmost parts of the fault. The fault’s central section is characterised by a complex pull-apart system, whose normal border faults show signals of relatively slow recent activity.Dextral transtensional activity along the Kyaukkyan Fault is recorded by geomorphic features such as sag ponds, shutter ridges, offset and beheaded streams, triangular facets and low-sinuosity mountain fronts. The Quaternary age of activity is demonstrated by short-lived geomorphic features such as wind-gaps, offset and deformed alluvial fans, and even offset of man-made structures. In Inle basin, alluvial fan successions along the easternmost mountain front reveal a vertical transition from faulted and folded alluvial fan sequences adjacent to pre-Cenozoic flanking ranges, to overlying gravels that appear less deformed. Conversely, a locally buried cross-basin fault system has fresh geomorphic expression even within the uppermost parts of the lacustrine/fluvial basin fill. This may indicate Quaternary migration of dominant fault deformation from sidewall faults to a cross-basin fault system, which is indicative of a mature, high strain strike-slip fault and has been observed in other active strike-slip faults around the world and in analogue models
Exploring social identity through theatre : an examination of the process of creating Jingle Dreams with youth in the coloured community of Clanwilliam
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 58-62).This dissertation examines the process of creating Jingle Dreams with the youth in Clanwilliam. It aims to ascertain whether the processes of Community Theatre drama create opportunities for the individuals in the identified community to explore a social identity influenced by historical legacy, heritage, memory (or absence thereof) and socio-economic environment. The intention of the dissertation is influenced by the Applied Drama mission to benefit individuals, communities and societies through artistic forms of intervention such as dramatic activities, theatre directing, mediation and discussions. I will examine how the processes and the performative qualities of drama and theatre have the potential to transform individuals and society. Community Theatre creates the space for young people to share and question common experiences of life. This ensures that marginalised voices are heard which has psychological and social benefits for the participants. The dissertation proposes to interrogate how young people revealed their social identity through the narrative structure, dialogue, stereotypes and symbols in Jingle Dreams. I have been strongly motivated by the work of Augusto Boal which was the source of a large part of the dramatic processes. In the research process, the young people belonging to The Community Networking Creative Arts Group were encouraged to find their own forms of artistic, cultural and theatrical expression. During the rehearsal process, the group improvised and developed many scenes which reflected issues such as alcoholism, drug abuse, domestic violence and intergenerational tension. The narrative of the performance was based both on their stories and on stories from their community. It reflected their circumstances, their struggles, their hopes and their dreams. Theatre devised in community situations reflects concern with the representation of memory, and participants are invited to recognise that autobiographical narratives have social, communitarian and historical significance, as well as personal relevance. Performers drew on their own experiences to devise the scenes. This process often emphasised how the boundaries between truth and fiction are blurred. The lack of a clear distinction between fact and art facilitated the revelation, exploration and contestation of social identity
