23 research outputs found
Xiu xiang xi lai yan yi : Liang wu di quan zhuan : [40 hui /
No full textDi 17 hui preceded by caption title, juan, author and publisher statements for Kangxi gui chou (1673) xu Yu shi Yong qing tang kan ben.Mode of access: Internet
Ke ni sketch suan fa zai da gui mo wang luo ce liang zhong de ying yong
No full textPh.D.Network measurement in massive network traffic is challenging due to the stringent requirements of fast packet processing and limited resource availability. Given the fast-speed and ever-increasing network traffic, maintaining per-flow state in network measurement tasks inevitably has tremendous resource demands. This motivates us to explore Invertible sketches for various network measurement tasks to perform the measurement in real-time at scale. Invertible sketches are summary data structures that significantly mitigate memory footprints with bounded errors. By "invertible'', we mean that the measurement results can be readily recovered from only the sketch data structure itself.We focus on three network measurement tasks, namely heavy flow detection, superspreader detection, and hierarchical heavy hitter detection. For each measurement task, we identify the challenges in the face of huge-volume traffic and limited available resources for measurement. Then we propose our sketch-based approaches addressing the challenges and evaluate our approaches with real-world network traces. Our approaches consider both the sketch algorithm design and the deployment in both software and hardware.We first consider heavy flow detection. We focus on two types of heavy flows: (i) heavy hitters that are flows with an unexpectedly high volume of traffic, and (ii) heavy changers that are flows with an unexpectedly high change of traffic volume in a short duration. Heavy flows may imply abnormal events, such as performance outliers and potential DDoS attacks. We present MV-Sketch, a fast and compact invertible sketch that supports heavy flow detection with small and static memory allocation. MV-Sketch tracks candidate heavy flows inside the sketch data structure via the idea of majority voting, such that it incurs small memory access overhead in both update and query operations, while achieving high detection accuracy. We present theoretical analysis on the memory usage, performance, and accuracy of MV-Sketch in both local and network-wide scenarios. We further show how MV-Sketch can be implemented and deployed on P4-based programmable switches subject to hardware deployment constraints. We conduct evaluation in both software and hardware environments. Trace-driven evaluation in software shows that MV-Sketch achieves higher accuracy than existing invertible sketches, with up to 3.38✕ throughput gain. We also show how to boost the performance of MV-Sketch with SIMD instructions. Furthermore, we evaluate MV-Sketch on a Barefoot Tofino switch and show how MV-Sketch achieves line-rate measurement with limited hardware resource overhead.We then consider superspreader detection. Superspreaders are hosts with a large number of distinct connections, which usually reveal the occurrence of anomalies in networks, such as DDoS attacks, port scanning, and worm propagation. Superspreaders remain severe threats to production networks. How to accurately detect superspreaders in real-time at scale remains a non-trivial yet challenging issue. We present SpreadSketch, an invertible sketch data structure for network-wide superspreader detection with the theoretical guarantees on memory space, performance, and accuracy. SpreadSketch tracks candidate superspreaders and embeds estimated fan-outs in binary hash strings inside small and static memory space, such that multiple SpreadSketch instances can be merged to provide a network-wide measurement view for recovering superspreaders and their estimated fan-outs. We present formal theoretical analysis on SpreadSketch in terms of space and time complexities as well as error bounds. Trace-driven evaluation shows that SpreadSketch achieves higher accuracy and performance over state-of-the-art sketches. Furthermore, we prototype SpreadSketch in P4 and show its feasible deployment in commodity hardware switches.Lastly, we study the hierarchical heavy hitter (HHH) detection. HHHs are hierarchical aggregates with exceptionally huge amounts of traffic. One notable application of HHH detection is to identify distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) or botnet attacks, in which the traffic aggregates of multiple attack flows can bring substantial damage to a network. Finding HHHs is critical to network management, yet it is often challenged by the requirements of real-time and accurate detection, fast packet processing, and resource efficiency. We present MVPipe, an invertible sketch data structure that achieves both lightweight updates and fast convergence in HHH detection. MVPipe builds on the skewness property of IP traffic to process packets via a pipeline of majority voting executions, such that most packets can be updated for only one or few aggregation levels. We show how MVPipe can be feasibly deployed in P4-based programmable switches subject to limited switch resources. We also theoretically analyze the accuracy and coverage properties of MVPipe. Evaluation with real-world Internet traces shows that MVPipe achieves high accuracy, high throughput, and fast convergence compared to six state-of-the-art HHH detection schemes. It also incurs low resource overhead in the Barefoot Tofino switch deployment.高速網絡中的海量流量以及有限的資源給網絡測量帶來了巨大的挑戰。在网络测量任务中為每一個網絡流維護一個紀錄不可避免地需要消耗巨量的资源。這啟發我们將可逆sketch算法應用于各种网络测量任务中，以進行实时地大規模地测量。可逆sketch是一種摘要数据结构，它可以在有限的誤差範圍內顯著地减少內存佔用量。可逆指測量結果可以快速地從sketch的數據結構中得到。本文主要研究三个經典的网络测量問題。針對每個問題，我們首先分析其在高速網絡中面臨的挑戰。然後，我們提出基於sketch算法的解決方案，並用真實的網絡流量對所提方案進行驗證和評估。我們的解決方案既考慮了sketch的算法設計，又包含了sketch在軟件環境和硬件交換機上的部署。首先，我們解決了大流檢測問題。我們關注兩種大流：(1)重擊流，它們具有異常大的流量；(2) 巨變流，它們在短時間內產生異常大的流量變動。 大流的出現通常預示網絡中異常事件的發生，例如性能異常和潛在的分布式拒絕服務攻擊。我們提出了MV-Sketch,一種快速緊湊的可逆sketch算法。MV-Sketch支持在靜態分配的小內存中進行大流檢測。MV-Sketch利用主投票算法找出網絡中可能的大流，並將它們存到sketch中。MV-Sketch實現了高精度大流檢測，同時產生有限的存儲器訪問開銷。我們對MV-Sketch在局部檢測和全網檢測的複雜度，速度以及準確度都進行了理論分析。同時我們也進一步討論了如何在硬件資源約束下，將MV-Sketch部署和實現在可編程硬件交換機中。我們在軟硬件環境中均對MV-Sketch進行了驗證。軟件環境中的實驗結果顯示，MV-Sketch比現有的sketch算法擁有更高的檢測精度，以及高達3.38倍的吞吐增益。我們利用單指令多數據流，對MV-Sketch的速度進行了更進一步的優化和提高。此外，我們在Barefoot Tofino可編程交換機上對MV-Sketch的評估結果顯示，MV-Sketch在有限的硬件資源條件下，可實現線速測量。其次，我們解決了超級傳播者的檢測問題。超級傳播者指網絡中具有大量不同通信連接的主機，它通常揭示了網絡中的異常情況，例如發生分布式拒絕服務攻擊，端口掃描，病毒傳播等。超級傳播者對生產網絡構成了嚴重的威脅。如何實時大規模地準確地檢測超級傳播者仍然是一個具有挑戰性的問題。我們提出了SpreadSketch，一種可逆的概要數據結構，用於整網範圍內檢測超級傳播者，並在空間使用，性能和準確性上具有理論保障。SpreadSketch將可能的超級傳播者以及它們的傳播程度存儲在靜態分配的空間中。它支持多個不同的SpreadSketch實例進行合併，進而找出全網視圖中的超級傳播者以及它們的傳播量。我們就空間和時間複雜度以及誤差範圍對SpreadSketch進行了理論分析和證明。基於真實網絡數據流量的驗證實驗表明，SpreadSketch與同類型解決方案相比，具有更高精度和速度。此外，我們將SpreadSketch實現在了可編程交換機中，並驗證了其在商用硬件中部署的可行性。最後，我們解決了分層大流檢測的問題。分層大流指具有巨大流量的網絡流聚合。分層大流檢測的一個顯著應用是識別分布式拒絕服務或殭屍網絡攻擊。這其中多個小攻擊流的流量聚合可能會對網絡造成巨大的破壞。檢測分層大流對網絡管理至關重要。然而，在準確，快速，以及資源高效的要求下，分層大流檢測面臨著諸多難點。我們提出了MVPipe，一種可在分層大流檢測中實現輕量級網絡流處理和快速精度收斂的可逆概要數據結構。MVPipe利用網絡流高度偏斜的特點，管道式地執行多個主投票過程來處理網絡流量。因此，大多數數據包只需進行一次或幾次聚合便可篩選出分層大流。我們討論了如何在硬件資源限制下將MVPipe部署在可編程交換機中。同時，我們從理論上分析了MVPipe的精度和對大流的覆蓋度。基於真實網絡流量的實驗表明，與六種最新的分層大流檢測方案相比，MVPipe具有更高的精度，速度以及快速收斂的能力。在BarefootTofino可編程交換機的部署中，MVPipe也具有較低的資源開銷。Tang, Lu.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2020.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-173).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 6, September 2021).Tang, Lu
The politics of fashion: perceptions of power in female clothing and ornamentation as reflected in the sixteenth-century Chinese novel Jin Ping Mei
No full textThis thesis examines issues of female power and influence in sixteenth-century China focusing on how women and their roles were perceived in the changing social environment of the mid-late Ming dynasty. Using aspects of a New Historicist approach, information from contemporary literary and historical sources are analysed alongside each other. With its emphasis on the lives of women and preoccupation with the description of material objects, the late Ming novel Jin Ping Mei forms an important element in the thesis. China in the sixteenth century saw expanding urbanisation, the emergence of a new wealthy merchant class, increasing visibility of women and a questioning of traditional morality. Fashion consciousness, as one of the most conspicuous aspects of the new material culture, is a possible indicator of these trends. Traditional Western theories contend that fashion began in the particular context of Renaissance Europe. However, this study argues that a similar fashion awareness existed in China too, and was manifested in a competitive striving for social status, in this case specifically among women. In contrast to previous studies which downplayed the impact women had on defining traditional Chinese culture, this thesis demonstrates how women and their sartorial choices began to redefine the boundaries of material culture, influencing literati discourse which, in turn, re- influenced female behaviour
Biomimetic Carbon Nanotube Films with Gradient Structure and Locally Tunable Mechanical Property
No full textNaturally existing materials often acquire unique functions by adopting a gradient structure with gradual change in their microstructure and related properties. Imparting such an elegant structural control into synthetic materials has been a grand challenge in the field. Here, the concept of gradient structure into macroscopic carbon nanotube (CNT) films is employed and the CNT arrangement from well-aligned array to completely random distribution, in a continuous and smooth way, is changed. Gradient films with tailored aligned-to- random transition rate or multilevel hierarchical structures with repeated transition have been fabricated. Local deformation and mechanical properties are directly related to the arrangement of CNTs and can be tailored by Herman's orientation factor; in particular, the elastic modulus and stiffness span over several orders of magnitude from aligned to random regions within a single monolithic film. Controlled synthesis of macroscopic CNT gradient structures with tunable mechanical properties opens a potential route toward manufacturing biomimetic functional materials with locally optimized design.Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar [2014A030306022]; Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou [2014J2200066]; National Nature Science Foundation of China [51325202]SCI(E)[email protected]; [email protected]
The Justice of Balance: Understanding Intellectual Property from Chinese Historical and Philosophical Perspectives
No full textPhDIn today's world, intellectual property is widely viewed as a threat to the public interest in
using knowledge. As many scholars have argued, a theoretical reason accounting for this
phenomenon is that traditional understanding of intellectual property emphasizes strong
property rights rather than the public interest. As historical studies have shown, this
understanding is fundamentally influenced by the practice of printing monopoly of
sixteenth-seventeenth century England, which gave overwhelming attention to
appropriation.
This thesis tries to join the above debates by examining the intellectual property history
of pre-modern China. Based on the historical inquiry, it further makes several theoretical
suggestions to the ongoing development of intellectual property theories.
This thesis argues that intellectual property practice as a tool of stimulating creativity
emerged in China when the commercialization of knowledge products made the
intellectual property protection a must. A more important finding is that, in a relatively
non-monopolistic atmosphere, tremendous efforts were made to effectively disseminate
knowledge to enhance the public interest; there existed no obvious conflict between
stimulating knowledge creativity and promoting knowledge use.
This thesis then suggests that knowledge creativity and knowledge use are inherently
inter-nutritional and inter-conflicting. To promote their reciprocity, it is crucial to keep
balance between maximizing knowledge use and stimulating robust knowledge creativity.
This thesis further proposes a system containing `the right of accessing knowledge' and
`the right of deserving reward', in which intellectual property is only a mean to the end
and coexists with various alternative models.
This thesis provides a firm theoretical support to the public interest but does not
necessarily devalue the importance of knowledge creativity and intellectual property. In
many fields, well-designed intellectual property laws must continue to prevail
Synthesis, crystal structures and insulin-like activity of two new oxidovanadium(V) complexes with aroylhydrazones and maltol mixed-ligands
No full textMicroRNA expression signatures of bladder cancer revealed by deep sequencing.
No full textMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression. They are aberrantly expressed in many types of cancers. In this study, we determined the genome-wide miRNA profiles in bladder urothelial carcinoma by deep sequencing.We detected 656 differentially expressed known human miRNAs and miRNA antisense sequences (miRNA*s) in nine bladder urothelial carcinoma patients by deep sequencing. Many miRNAs and miRNA*s were significantly upregulated or downregulated in bladder urothelial carcinoma compared to matched histologically normal urothelium. hsa-miR-96 was the most significantly upregulated miRNA and hsa-miR-490-5p was the most significantly downregulated one. Upregulated miRNAs were more common than downregulated ones. The hsa-miR-183, hsa-miR-200b ∼ 429, hsa-miR-200c ∼ 141 and hsa-miR-17 ∼ 92 clusters were significantly upregulated. The hsa-miR-143 ∼ 145 cluster was significantly downregulated. hsa-miR-182, hsa-miR-183, hsa-miR-200a, hsa-miR-143 and hsa-miR-195 were evaluated by Real-Time qPCR in a total of fifty-one bladder urothelial carcinoma patients. They were aberrantly expressed in bladder urothelial carcinoma compared to matched histologically normal urothelium (p < 0.001 for each miRNA).To date, this is the first study to determine genome-wide miRNA expression patterns in human bladder urothelial carcinoma by deep sequencing. We found that a collection of miRNAs were aberrantly expressed in bladder urothelial carcinoma compared to matched histologically normal urothelium, suggesting that they might play roles as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in the development and/or progression of this cancer. Our data provide novel insights into cancer biology
Proceedings of the International Conference on Manufacturing Automation, April 28-30, 1997, Hong Kong
No full textpublished_or_final_versionForeword Tan, S.T. Tan, S.T. Iv.2 Author/session/page index IIv.1 Worldwide trends in rapid prototyping Wohlers, Terry T. Wohlers, Terry T. 1v.1 Responsiveness of machining environments Gindy, N.N. Gindy, N.N. Saad, S.M. Saad, S.M. 9v.1 The 21st century manufacturing automation and the social impact Kunii, Tosiyasu L. Kunii, Tosiyasu L. 21v.1 The current state of affairs in dimensional tolerancing: 1997a Voelcker, Herbert B. Voelcker, Herbert B. 30v.1 Application of a collaborative CAD on interactive remote coediting Kao, Y.C. Kao, Y.C. Lin, Grier C.I. Lin, Grier C.I. 44v.1 Intelligent packing design on assembly model Huang, G.P. Huang, G.P. Zhou, J. Zhou, J. Yu, Q. Yu, Q. Wang, C.H. Wang, C.H. Yuan, M.L. 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Mills, J.K. 134v.1 Payload alignment control using task moment feedback for multi-robot assembly operation Laliberte, M. Laliberte, M. Mills, J.K. 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Global gene expression profiling identifies ALDH2, CCNE1 and SMAD3 as potential prognostic markers in upper tract urothelial carcinoma
No full textBackground: Current knowledge about the molecular properties and prognostic markers of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is sparse and often based on bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC), which is thought to share common risk factors with UTUC. However, studies have suggested that differences exist regarding tumor behavior and molecular biology of these cancers, comprehensive investigations are needed to guide the clinical management of UTUC. In recent years, massively parallel sequencing has allowed insights into the biology of many cancers, and molecular prognostic markers based on this approach are rapidly emerging. The goal of this study was to characterize the gene expression patterns of UTUC using massively parallel sequencing, and identify potential molecular markers for prognosis in patients with UTUC. Methods: We compared the genome-wide mRNA expression profile of cancer and matched normal tissues from 10 patients with UTUC to identify significantly deregulated genes. We also examined the protein levels of prognostic marker candidates in 103 patients with UTUC, and tested the association of these markers with overall survival using Kaplan-Meier model and Cox regression. Results: Functional enrichment of significantly deregulated genes revealed that expression patterns of UTUC were characterized by disorders of cell proliferation and metabolism. And we also compared the expression profile of UTUC with that of bladder UC. Our results highlighted both shared (e.g. disorders of cell cycling and growth signal transduction) and tumor-specific (e.g. abnormal metabolism in UTUC and disruptions of adhesion pathways in bladder UC) features of these two cancers. Importantly, we identified that low protein expression of ALDH2 while high CCNE1 and SMAD3 were significantly associated with increased depth (*P < 0.05) and lower overall survival (***P < 0.0001) in an independent set of 103 patients. Multivariate Cox regression revealed that all these three genes were independent prognostic indicators in patients with UTUC (***P < 0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, our study characterized the comprehensive expression profile of UTUC and highlighted both commons and differences in expression patterns between UTUC and bladder UC. And we, for the first time, revealed that ALDH2, CCNE1 and SMAD3 are associated with prognosis in patients with UTUC.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000345161600001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701OncologySCI(E)[email protected]; [email protected]
