10 research outputs found
Eine Argumentstruktur-basierte lexikalistische Analyse von unpersnlichen Medialkonstruktionen im Deutschen
No full textEine Untersuchung zum Verhaeltnis zwischen dem grammatischen Status von sich und der Passivierbarkeit von reflexiven Verben im Deutschen
No full textCharacterization of odor-associated bacterial community in automobile HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems
No full textCharacterization of odor-associated fungal community in automobile HVAC systems using a high-throughput DNA sequencing method
No full textSolution structure of the Z-DNA binding domain of PKR-like protein kinase from Carassius auratus and quantitative analyses of the intermediate complex during B-Z transition
No full textZ-DNA binding proteins (ZBPs) play important roles in RNA editing, innate immune response and viral infection. Structural and biophysical studies show that ZBPs initially form an intermediate complex with B-DNA for B-Z conversion. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of Z-DNA binding and B-Z transition is still lacking, due to the absence of structural information on the intermediate complex. Here, we report the solution structure of the Zα domain of the ZBP-containing protein kinase from Carassius auratus (caZαPKZ). We quantitatively determined the binding affinity of caZαPKZ for both B-DNA and Z-DNA and characterized its B-Z transition activity, which is modulated by varying the salt concentration. Our results suggest that the intermediate complex formed by caZαPKZ and B-DNA can be used as molecular ruler, to measure the degree to which DNA transitions to the Z isoform. © 2016 The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.TRUEsciescopu
The role of biological rhythms and blood glucose levels in maintaining a positive mood state.
No full textA thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of
Wolverhampton for the degree of Doctor of PhilosophyAlthough the effects of both the menstrual and circadian cycles on mood have been well documented, the question of whether the two interact to influence mood has not yet been addressed, despite evidence for such an interaction on other variables. Blood sugar level is a major contributor to the mediation of mood and is easily regulated by dietary intervention; there is also evidence that it is influenced by both the menstrual and circadian cycles. The present research takes a positive psychological approach to managing mood; the aims were to identify where natural variations in mood occur in relation to its underlying physiology, taking an applied approach to suggest ways of effectively managing positive mood and maintaining psychological well-being. A series of studies was carried out to measure fluctuations in mood in relation to biological rhythms, and in response to cognitively demanding situations and simple interventions. Mood was measured throughout the research using the UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist. The most consistent results were in relation to the Energetic Arousal dimension. This was shown to be influenced by both the menstrual cycle and the time of day, as well as an interaction between these two factors, and was consistently related to changes in blood glucose levels. Energetic Arousal also appeared to be more sensitive to the effectsof the suggested interventions. Diurnal changes in mood throughout the course of a normal day were more evident among women in their premenstrual to menstrual phases, and also become more apparent in response to cognitive tasks. Trait Anxiety was a mediating factor in how individuals reacted to such tasks. Mood was closely related to blood glucose levels, and raising blood glucose to a robust but safe level effectivelyenhanced positive mood in cognitively demanding situations. Oral contraceptives generally tended to eliminate menstrual cycle-related effects on mood and responses to intervention. It was concluded that mood states among healthy women are influenced by a complex interplay between biological rhythms, physiological states, individual differences and the context in which these moods take place. Simple interventions that can easily be incorporated into one’s daily routine may be efficacious in maintaining a positive mood state, which has beneficial implications for psychological well-being
Selection for muscling affects carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism in beef cattle
No full textGenetic selection to enhance muscularity in beef cattle is desirable to increase retail beef yield and the profitability of the beef industry. However it is unknown how selection for greater muscling will impact on intermediary and muscle energy metabolism which may influence certain attributes of meat quality. In order to assess these impacts of selection for greater muscling in cattle, the physiological mechanisms that underpin the increase in retail beef yield must be identified. This thesis examined the impact of selection for greater muscling on: retail beef yield; muscle glycogen; whole body insulin responsiveness; adrenaline responsiveness of muscle, adipose and liver tissue; and proportion of glycolytic and oxidative myofibres and enzyme activities. This study used 11 high (High), 10 low (Low) and 3 high muscled steers with a myostatin mutation (HighHet) from an Angus herd which had been visually selected for divergence in muscling over 15 years.
The results of the yield test performed at bone-out showed that the HighHet and High muscled steers were the highest yielding with the lowest proportion of fat, while the Low muscling animals were the lowest yielding with the highest proportion of fat. Muscle glycogen and lactate concentration were analysed from four muscle biopsies, taken between 18 and 24 months of age, from the m. semimembranosus (SM), m. semitendinosus (ST) and m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) of each animal. The muscle glycogen concentrations which were 6.1% higher in the High steers compared to the Low animals while the HighHet did not differ from either group.
The effect of selection for muscling on whole body insulin responsiveness was measured using the hyperinsulineamic-euglyceamic clamp technique. Insulin was constantly infused at 2 levels, glucose was concurrently infused to maintain euglyceamia, and the steady-state glucose infusion rate (SSGIR) indicated insulin responsiveness. At the low insulin infusion rate of 0.6 mU/kg/min, the SSGIR was 73% higher for the High muscling genotype animals when compared to the Low. At the high insulin infusion rate of 6.0 mU/kg/min, these differences were proportionately less with the High and the HighHet genotypes having only 27% and 34% higher SSGIR than the Low muscled genotype. The High muscled cattle also had 30% higher plasma IGF-1 concentrations compared to the Low muscled cattle. The increased whole body insulin responsiveness in combination with higher IGF-1 concentrations in the High muscled steers is likely to initiate a greater level of protein synthesis, which may partially explain the increased muscle accretion in these animals. Increased insulin responsiveness in the High steers would also increase glycogenesis in the muscle, aligning with the glycogen results.
The effect of selection for muscling on adrenaline responsiveness was measured using 7 adrenaline challenges ranging between 0.2 to 3.0 μg/kg liveweight. Plasma was analysed for NEFA, lactate, glucose and growth hormone concentration and area under curve (AUC) over time was calculated to reflect the tissue responses to adrenaline. The High steers had 30% lower lactate AUC than the Low steers at challenges greater than 2 μg/kg live weight, indicating lower muscle responsiveness at the highest adrenaline doses causing less glycogenolysis. This result also aligns with these animals having more muscle glycogen, thus more muscular animals may reduce the incidence of dark, firm, dry meat that is caused by low levels of glycogen at slaughter. At all levels of adrenaline challenge the High steers had at least 30% greater NEFA AUC, indicating that their adipose tissue was more responsive to adrenaline, resulting in greater lipolysis. In agreement with this response, the High steers had a higher plasma growth hormone concentration, which is likely to have contributed to the increased lipolysis evident in these animals in response to adrenaline. This difference in lipolysis may in part explain the reduced fatness of muscular cattle. There was no effect of selection for muscling on liver responsiveness to adrenaline.
Contrary to our initial hypotheses, the High steers had less glycolytic type IIX myofibres in the LTL and larger average cross-sectional area of myofibres in the SM and ST than their Low muscled counterparts. This suggests that myofibre hypertrophy may be a possible mechanism leading to greater muscle mass of these High muscled animals. This also indicates that breeding for more muscular cattle can actually maintain the oxidative capacity of the muscle, a finding supported by the enzymatic results showing that the High muscled steers had lower activity of lactate dehydrogenase and higher activity of citrate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. The High muscled cattle also had a higher concentration of iron in the LTL, and selection for increased muscling had no impact on pH decline or retail colour stability, factors which both affect meat quality.
The aim of the second experiment was to determine if phenotypic measurements taken at the time of grading for Meat Standards Australia (MSA) could explain variance in ultimate pH (pHu) of carcasses and the probability of a carcass complying with MSA standards for pHu (≤5.7). Analyses of 204,072 carcass records collated by MSA at a Western Australian processor confirmed that more muscular cattle have a higher compliance rate for pHu. An increase in eye muscle area from 40 to 80 cm2, increased pHu compliance by approximately 14%. Therefore animals with greater muscularity had a lower incidence of dark, firm, dry beef supporting the results that High muscled cattle have increased insulin responsiveness, and reduced adrenaline responsiveness, leading to increased glycogen storage at slaughter. Thus, breeding more muscular cattle with eye muscle area greater than 70 cm2 may help alleviate the problem of dark, firm, dry beef. As rib fat depth increased from 0 to 20mm, pHu compliance increased by around 10%. Heavier cattle also had higher compliance than lighter cattle, and younger cattle also had higher compliance rates. This highlights the importance of good nutrition and high muscle glycogen storage prior to slaughter to maximise compliance rates.
The final study examined 81 commercially managed High and Low muscled steers and showed that the effects of muscularity on muscle glycogen were variable as pasture quality and availability changed however there were no negative effects of selection for greater muscling on muscle glycogen, glycogenolysis pre-slaughter, or on the incidence of dark, firm and dry carcasses. Animal temperament assessed using crush score and flight speed measurements did however affect muscle glycogen with the more flighty animals having lower muscle glycogen concentrations
A Study on Women's Autobiographical Documentary and Feminist Cultural Practice
No full text☞ 이 논문은 저자가 원문공개에 동의하지 않은 논문으로, 도서관 내에서만 열람이 가능하며, 인쇄 및 저장은 불가합니다.‘영상을 통한 운동’의 도구로써 카메라를 위치 지웠던 한국 독립 다큐멘터리는 90년대에 들어오면서 카메라와 제작주체 그리고 현실의 관계를 고민하며 ‘자전적’ 재현이라는 문제를 새롭게 제기하기 시작했다. 그러나 이러한 문제제기는 이미 서구 여성주의 다큐멘터리 이론가들과 제작자들에 의해 70-80년대부터 질문되었던 것이다. 현재 한국에서도 이러한 문제를 제기하는 다수의 자전적 다큐멘터리들이 여성들에 의해 제작되고 있다.
본 논문은 한국사회에서 카메라를 가지고 개인의 일상과 정체성의 문제를 탐구하는 자전적 다큐멘터리가 대부분 여성들에 의해 제작되고 있다는 점에 주목하면서, 자신의 삶의 경험을 자신의 언어로 말하고자 하는 여성들의 욕구와 필요에 의해 선택되고 제작되는 다큐멘터리가 어떻게 여성들의 현실을 드러내고 정치화하는 여성주의 문화 전략 혹은 실천이 되는지 여성의 자전적 다큐멘터리 작업과 관객과의 관계를 통해 살펴본다.
본 논문의 연구방법은 문헌 연구와 작품 분석이다. 작품 분석을 위해서는 여성의 자전적 다큐멘터리 작품이면서, 각기 다른 재현의 양식을 가진 49(임우정, 1998), 김진아의 비디오 일기(김진아, 2001), 엄마...(류미례, 2004)를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 위 세편에서 드러나는 제작자와 카메라의 관계, 제작 주체와 서사 주체의 관계, 그리고 재현의 양식은 모두 다르다. 그럼에도 세 개의 작품이 여성의 자전적 다큐멘터리가 여성주의 문화 실천으로 가기 위해 거치게 되는 각각의 지점들을 잘 보여준다는 점에서 분석의 대상으로 선택하게 되었다.
본 논문은 연구 대상인 자전적 다큐멘터리를 단순히 영화 텍스트로 보고 분석하는 것이 아니라 다큐멘터리 제작 과정 및 본 연구 과정 까지도 하나의 여성주의 문화실천으로 가는 과정이라는 입장에서 기술되었다. 따라서 자전적 영화를 만들었던 연구자의 경험과 그것에 대한 비판과 성찰을 텍스트 분석에 상호 주관적으로 개입함으로써 본 논문을 쓰는 과정 자체를 여성주의 이론의 생산이며 동시에 하나의 문화 실천으로 간주하고 있다.
본 논문의 연구 내용 및 결과는 다음과 같다.
한국의 여성 자전적 다큐멘터리는 현재 독립 다큐멘터리의 변화의 흐름을 읽어내는 방식인 ‘정치적 다큐멘터리’에서 ‘사적 다큐멘터리’로의 이동이라는 틀로는 그 변화의 양상과 의미를 읽어낼 수 없다. 여성주의 다큐멘터리 작업은 이미 그 시작점부터 가장 개인적인 영역에서 출발하였으며 리얼리티와 재현, 성찰성을 고민하고 각종 형식적인 실험을 거듭하면서 독자적인 다큐멘터리의 영역을 구축해왔다. 또한 이러한 시도들은 기술의 발전에 따른 실험이라기보다 다큐멘터리의 리얼리즘 담론과 가부장제에 대한 도전이라는 맥락에서 진행되었다. 따라서 포스트-다큐멘터리 시대의 자전적 다큐멘터리는 재방문된 여성주의 다큐멘터리라고 말할 수 있다.
여성의 경험을 바탕으로 하는 자전적 서사라고 하더라도 다큐멘터리라는 재현 수단은 여성의 과거와 현재를 이야기하는데 있어 다양한 서사 전략을 구사하게 한다. 특히 제작 주체와 카메라의 관계 설정은 고백적 서사가 주가 되는 작품일수록 작업 과정에 있어 중요한 의미를 가진다. 여성들은 다큐멘터리의 리얼리즘적 속성을 이용하여 제각기 사실과 허구를 넘나드는 재현의 방식을 택하고 있으며 작업 과정을 통해 주체의 생산 및 확장을 도모하고 있다.
그런데 여성의 자전적 다큐멘터리에서 공통적으로 드러나는 특징은 어떠한 방식으로 제작 주체가 이야기를 풀어가도 그 의미 생산이 다큐멘터리 외적인 장소에서 이루어진다는 특징을 갖는다. 제작자가 의미를 텍스트 안으로 축소시켜도 결과적으로 여성의 경험은 드러냄의 과정을 거쳐 관계 속에서 다른 의미로 발전하기 때문에 새로운 의미들은 다큐멘터리 밖에서 계속 진행되어간다. 그렇기 때문에 여성의 자전적 다큐멘터리의 의미는 바로 ‘관객과의 관계’ 속에서 만들어진다고 할 수 있다.
여성의 자전적 다큐멘터리가 소통되는 방식인 여성 관계 내에서의 경험의 드러냄과 공감의 과정 그리고 새로운 의미로의 확장은 개인의 고백적 서사를 여성주의 문화 실천으로 이끌어간다.;In the 1990s, Korean independent documentaries which have positioned camera as a tool for the "movement through images" began to raise the new question of "autobiographical representation", as a result of looking into the relationship among the camera, the documentary maker and the reality. This question, however had been already raised in the 1970s and 1980s by feminist documentary theorists and documentary makers in the West. Currently, the majority of autobiographical documentaries in Korea, which raise this issue are created by women.
Nothing the fact that most of autobiographical documentaries exploring the issues involving an individual's daily routines and identity, are produced by females, using a camera as a key tool, this thesis will examine how these documentaries chosen and produced according to women's wants and needs reveal the reality facing women, and how they become a politicized feminist cultural strategy or how they are put into practice, by looking at the relationship between women's autobiographical documentary work and audience.
The research methods used in this thesis include reviewing relevant literatures and analyzing some of these documentaries. Three women's autobiographical documentaries that employ different styles of representation were selected for analysis. These three are 49(Woo-Jung Lim, 1998), Gina Kim's Video Diary (Gina Kim, 2001) and Life goes on...(Mi-Rae Ryu, 2004). The three documentaries show different documentary maker-camera relationship, relationship between the making subject and the narrative subject and different representation styles. Nevertheless, they were chosen for the analysis because they clearly show each individual step that a feminist autobiographical documentary is bound to go through in the transition to feminist cultural practice.
In this thesis, autobiographical documentaries as the research topic were not analyzed by simply examining the video text. Instead, this study itself as well as the documentary-making process was also considered as part of the whole process eventually leading to the feminist cultural practice. In this context, the author's experiences with making such films, and the criticism and self-reflexivity were incorporated subjectively into the analysis of the text. Therefore, this thesis itself is viewed as a creation of a feminist theory and a cultural practice at the same time.
The findings of the thesis are as follows.
It is difficult to identify the changes and implications of Korean Women's autobiographical documentaries within the framework of the shift from "political documentaries" to "personal documentaries", which is a frame of grasping the changes in the independent documentaries. Feminist documentaries are based on the most private sphere as its origin, and have established a very unique segment of documentaries by constantly exploring the issues of reality and representation, and self-reflexivity, and by repeating various types of experiments. These attempts were made in the context of discourse on realism in a documentary and challenge against the patriarchy, rather than as experiments allowed by technological advances. So, autobiographical documentaries of the post-documentary age can be considered as a revisit to feminist documentaries.
Though it is a autobiographical narrative based on women's personal experiences, a documentary as a method of representation employs a variety of narrative strategies in talking about her past and the present. Particularly, the making subject-camera relationship becomes an even more important part of the production process of a documentary featuring a confessing narrative. Women utilize the realism nature of a documentary in order to blur the boundaries between fiction and non-fiction, and seek to create and expand the scopes of the subject.
The common feature found in women's autobiographical documentaries is that no matter how the documentary maker develops the story, the meaning is created outside of the documentary. Even though the documentary maker attempts to reduce the meaning into the text, women's experiences take on a different meaning in a relationship through a process of revelation, and therefore, new meanings continue to be created outside of the documentary.
As women's experiences are revealed in relationship between women, which is the way women's autobiographical documentaries get the message across, and consequently, they are shared by women to take them on a new meaning, a narrative of personal confessions via a medium of a documentary lead to the feminist cultural practice.목차
논문개요 = ⅲ
Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
A. 문제제기 및 연구목적 = 1
B. 연구방법 및 연구대상 = 5
C. 여성의 자전적 서사와 여성주의 연구방법론 = 8
Ⅱ. 포스트-다큐멘터리 시대의 여성의 자전적 다큐멘터리 = 13
A. 서구 여성주의 영화이론과 실천의 흐름 = 13
B. 다큐멘터리의 리얼리티와 재현, 그리고 성찰성 = 21
C. 포스트-다큐멘터리와 사적(私的) 다큐멘터리 = 26
D. 여성의 자전적 다큐멘터리 = 32
Ⅲ. 사적 소재/공적 영화 : 비디오로 말하기의 전략 = 39
A. 49 : 일방적 폭로와 해소 = 39
1. ‘사실’보다 더 '사실' 같은 ‘허구’ = 39
2. 일상과 연기(performing) 사이 = 42
3. 자기 고백과 치유 = 44
B. 김진아의 비디오 일기 : 자기 반영의 비디오 퍼포먼스 = 46
1. 일상으로 들어온 비디오 장치 = 46
2. 나르시시즘과 치유의 과정 ‘만들기’ = 52
3. 의식화된 정치적 비디오 = 59
C. 엄마... : 리얼리티(reality)를 압도하는 주관적 서사 = 62
1. 사건 중심의 서술적 방식과 서사의 이동 = 62
2. 가족사와 대상에의 착취 = 65
3. 치유되지 않는 과거의 상처와 현실의 합리화 = 69
4. 개인적 경험의 공유와 충돌: 주체/대상/관객 = 75
Ⅳ. ‘나’의 확장을 통한 여성주의 문화실천 = 84
Ⅴ. 결론 = 90
참고문헌 = 92
Abstract = 10
Embryonic stem cells: modelling effects ofearly embryo environment
No full textThe Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis proposes that embryonic environment can induce permanent changes in metabolism during development, increasing the risk of disease in adults. Adverse environments during critical stages of gestation are sufficient to induce adaptations in offspring and disease susceptibility in later life. Rodent models show that maternal diet exclusively during preimplantation development induces cardiovascular and metabolic disease in adult offspring. Changes must therefore occur within the distinct cell populations of the early embryo and be maintained throughout development. Determining adaptive mechanisms has been challenging due to the small size of the early embryo, and genetic variability in outbred strains previously used. We generated mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells from inbred C57BL/6 mice as a model to overcome these problems. These were used to characterise mechanisms associated with the embryo’s adaptive responses to maternal diet. ES cell lines were derived from blastocysts of C57BL/6 mice assigned to either an isocaloric low protein diet (LPD), or a control diet exclusively through preimplantation development. ES cell lines were characterised for karyotype, sex, gene expression, and functional characteristics including proliferation, death, and metabolism at standardised passages. LPD had no impact on blastocyst formation in vivo or blastocyst cell lineage allocation. Experimental conditions did affect blastocyst outgrowth development in vitro. LPDoutgrowths cultured with less feeder fibroblasts showed slower development than controls. Although LPD blastocyst outgrowth was comparable to controls under high feeder growth conditions, there was a significant reduction in the capacity for ES cell derivation. There was a prominent sex bias towards male ES cell lines. These ES cells retained similar levels of gene expression related to pluripotency, housekeeping and developmental functions irrespective of diet. LPD did not affect growth or metabolism. These cells however showed increased basal apoptosis, and reduced levels of phosphorylated Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The reduced ES cell isolation efficiency may indicate a reduced number of pluripotent cells present within the early embryo or increased sensitivity of these cells in response to maternal LPD. Increased apoptosis in ES cells derived from LPD-blastocysts reveal that these cells are indeed more sensitive. Reduced activated ERK may suggest that dysregulated ERK-mediated survival signalling causes enhanced apoptosis. Such adaptations in the early embryo may impact on lineage allocation as differentiation occurs. These ES cell lines may provide a model to investigate such mechanistic adaptations in post-implantation tissues providing further insight into foetal responses to poor nutrition and the induction of adult onset disease
