1,722,292 research outputs found
Global Health Education: International Collaboration at ICDDR,B
Get PDFThe purpose of this commentary is to provide an overview of the growing
interest in global health education at ICDDR,B and to review examples
of how this has grown from public-health research and education to
include clinical education (medical and nursing) as well. This
parallels the growth of the institution, with an increased focus on
educational linkages within and beyond Bangladesh and the rise in
interest in global health at western medical schools. Specific
collaborations, their setup and structure are described. This is
presented as a model for other centres of excellence in developing
countries to engage their partners in the South and North on matters of
education and research for mutual cooperation and benefit
Causes of Maternal Mortality Decline in Matlab, Bangladesh
Get PDFBangladesh is distinct among developing countries in achieving a low
maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of 322 per 100,000 livebirths despite
the very low use of skilled care at delivery (13% nationally). This
variation has also been observed in Matlab, a rural area in Bangladesh,
where longitudinal data on maternal mortality are available since the
mid-1970s. The current study investigated the possible causes of the
maternal mortality decline in Matlab. The study analyzed 769 maternal
deaths and 215,779 pregnancy records from the Health and Demographic
Surveillance System (HDSS) and other sources of safe motherhood data in
the ICDDR,B and government service areas in Matlab during 1976-2005.
The major interventions that took place in both the areas since the
early 1980s were the family-planning programme plus safe menstrual
regulation services and safe motherhood interventions (midwives for
normal delivery in the ICDDR,B service area from the late 1980s and
equal access to comprehensive emergency obstetric care [EmOC] in public
facilities for women from both the areas). National programmes for
social development and empowerment of women through education and
microcredit programmes were implemented in both the areas. The
quantitative findings were supplemented by a qualitative study by
interviewing local community care providers for their change in
practices for maternal healthcare over time. After the introduction of
the safe motherhood programme, reduction in maternal mortality was
higher in the ICDDR,B service area (68.6%) than in the government
service area (50.4%) during 1986-1989 and 2001-2005. Reduction in the
number of maternal deaths due to the fertility decline was higher in
the government service area (30%) than in the ICDDR,B service area
(23%) during 1979-2005. In each area, there has been substantial
reduction in abortion-related mortali- ty-86.7% and 78.3%-in the
ICDDR,B and government service areas respectively. Education of women
was a strong predictor of the maternal mortality decline in both the
areas. Possible explanations for the maternal mortality decline in
Matlab are: better access to comprehensive EmOC services, reduction in
the total fertility rate, and improved education of women. To achieve
the Millenium Development Goal 5 targets, policies that bring further
improved comprehensive EmOC, strengthened family-planning services, and
expanded education of females are essential
Developing strategies for effective financial monitoring of sub-recipients of icddr,b
No full textThis internship report is submitted in a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Business Administration, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of Internship report.The study provides an internal analysis and SWOT analysis of Finance Services of icddr,b and develops strategies to overcome the shortcomings focusing on Grants and Compliance Unit of Finance Services. The primary and secondary sources of data are collected mainly from the Finance Department. OMB Circular A-133 Single Audit 2013 conducted by KPMG, Bangladesh identified that icddr,b did not maintain a list of allowable and unallowable expenditures to be charged to each project to provide reasonable assurance that costs of goods and services charged to Federal Awards are allowable and in accordance with OMB Circular A-122. The audit also identified that icddr,b did not have official policies and procedures for sub-recipient monitoring. The OMB A-133 audit findings are reported to Federal government and become public record, distributed to all Federal Agencies through a clearing house. Federal and Non-Federal sponsors look at A-133 as a ‘report card’ of how icddr,b spend their money. Therefore, there is a possibility of risk to loss or shrinkage of federal and non-federal funds due to non-compliance and break of trust on icddr,b. In addition, the reputation of icddr,b would be threaten because of publishing the shortcomings of internal control of icddr,b. Therefore, the study identifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Finance Services and develops strategies to offset the weaknesses and threats by utilizing its strengths and opportunities. The report provides a comprehensive list of allowable and unallowable expenditure, a guideline and tools for effective monitoring of sub-recipients for icddr,b. icddr,b needs to adopt these policies and guidelines to strengthen its internal control. It will then strengthen the relationship of trust that exists between the sponsors and icddr,b.Mir Md. Abul HasnatM. Business Administration
Household costs of healthcare during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period : a case study from Matlab, Bangladesh
Get PDFA household survey was undertaken in Matlab, a rural area of Bangladesh, to estimate the costs incurred during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period for women delivering at home and in a health facility. Those interviewed included 121 women who delivered at home, 120 who delivered in an ICDDR,B basic obstetric care (BEOC) facility, 27 who delivered in a public comprehensive obstetric care (CEOC) hospital, and 58 who delivered in private hospitals. There was no significant difference in total costs incurred by those delivering at home and those delivering in a BEOC facility. Costs for those delivering in CEOC facilities were over nine times greater than for those delivering in BEOC facilities. Costs of care during delivery were predominant. Antenatal and postnatal care added between 7% and 30% to the total cost. Services were more equitable at home and in a BEOC facility compared to services provided at CEOC facilities. The study highlights the regressive nature of the financing of CEOC services and the need for a financing strategy that covers both the costs of referral and BEOC care for those in need.This research was funded under the Cooperative Agreement No. 388-A-00-97-00032-00 with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) (ICDDR,B Grant No. GR-00089). ICDDR,B acknowledges with gratitude the commitment of USAID to the Centre’s research efforts. Carine Ronsmans and Jo Borghi are funded by the Department for International Development, UK
Use and Impact of HINARI: An Observation in Bangladesh with Special Reference to icddr,b
No full text This paper analyses the impact of the use of electronic resources and Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative (HINARI) services for medical research libraries in Bangladesh, emphasising the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b). Purposeful use of e-resources, time and cost-saving benefits, research impact, and challenges of using HINARI are discussed. The basic study was conducted at icddr,b in January–February 2014, using a mixed methodology, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches, including a background literature review, usage data shared from the HINARI secretariat at the World Health Organization (WHO), questionnaires, personal observations, and interviews with staff members of icddr,b. Findings revealed that icddr,b is the heaviest user of HINARI (a major source of public health and medical e-resources) in Bangladesh, with demonstrable increases of health research journal articles after introducing HINARI in 2003. </jats:p
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Get PDFA 12-year old girl was brought to the Dhaka Hospital of ICDDR,B with
diarrhoea. Incidentally, the parents provided a history of repeated
episodes of pallor and jaundice since she was two and half years old.
Three of her family members had similar problems. History, clinical
examination, and laboratory findings of the girl and her family members
suggested a case of hereditary spherocytosis. To our knowledge, this is
the first report of such a case in Bangladesh
Nutrition: Basis for Healthy Children and Mothers in Bangladesh
Get PDFRecent data from the World Health Organization showed that about 60% of
all deaths, occurring among children aged less than five years
(under-five children) in developing countries, could be attributed to
malnutrition. It has been estimated that nearly 50.6 million under-five
children are malnourished, and almost 90% of these children are from
developing countries. Bangladesh is one of the countries with the
highest rate of malnutrition. The recent baseline survey by the
National Nutrition Programme (NNP) showed high rates of stunting,
underweight, and wasting. However, data from the nutrition surveillance
at the ICDDR,B hospital showed that the proportion of children with
stunting, underweight, and wasting has actually reduced during
1984-2005. Inappropriate infant and young child-feeding practices
(breastfeeding and complementary feeding) have been identified as a
major cause of malnutrition. In Bangladesh, although the median
duration of breastfeeding is about 30 months, the rate of exclusive
breastfeeding until the first six months of life is low, and practice
of appropriate complementary feeding is not satisfactory. Different
surveys done by the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, United
Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and Bangladesh Breastfeeding
Foundation (BBF) showed a rate of exclusive breastfeeding to be around
32-52%, which have actually remained same or declined over time. The
NNP baseline survey using a strict definition of exclusive
breastfeeding showed a rate of exclusive breastfeeding (12.8%) until
six months of age. Another study from the Abhoynagar field site of
ICDDR,B reported the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding to be 15%
only. Considerable efforts have been made to improve the rates of
exclusive breastfeeding. Nationally, initiation of breastfeeding within
one hour of birth, feeding colostrum, and exclusive breastfeeding have
been promoted through the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI)
implemented and supported by BBF and UNICEF respectively. Since most
(87-91%) deliveries take place in home, the BFHI has a limited impact
on the breastfeeding practices. Results of a few studies done at
ICDDR,B and elsewhere in developing countries showed that the
breastfeeding peer-counselling method could substantially increase the
rates of exclusive breastfeeding. Results of a study in urban Dhaka
showed that the rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 70% among mothers
who were counselled compared to only 6% who were not counselled.
Results of another study in rural Bangladesh showed that
peer-counselling given either individually or in a group improved the
rate of exclusive breastfeeding from 89% to 81% compared to those
mothers who received regular health messages only. This implies that
scaling up peercounselling methods and incorporation of breastfeeding
counselling in the existing maternal and child heath programme is
needed to achieve the Millennium Development Goal of improving child
survival. The recent data showed that the prevalence of starting
complementary food among infants aged 6-9 months had increased
substantially with 76% in the current dataset. However, the adequacy,
frequency, and energy density of the complementary food are in
question. Remarkable advances have been made in the hospital management
of severely-malnourished children. The protocolized management of
severe protein-energy malnutrition at the Dhaka hospital of ICDDR,B has
reduced the rate of hospital mortality by 50%. A recent study at
ICDDR,B has also documented that home-based management of severe
protein-energy malnutrition without follow-up was comparable with a
hospital-based protocolized management. Although the community
nutrition centres of the NNP have been providing food supplementation
and performing growth monitoring of children with protein-energy
malnutrition, the referral system and management of complicated
severely-malnourished children are still not in place
Impact of recruitment and selection in the achievement of organizational and societal goals in icddr,b
No full textThis report aims to demonstrate how the Recruitment and selection process conducted by the Human Resource Department of icddr,b has an impact in the organization and on the society. It was a great pleasure as well as a challenge to work in such an international health research organization and prepare this report which has helped me significantly to enhance my knowledge and skills.The report has been prepared through extensive discussion with the HR department of icddr,b employees, management and supervisor
Admission characteristics of COVID-19 positive patients admitted to icddr,b Dhaka Hospital.
No full textAdmission characteristics of COVID-19 positive patients admitted to icddr,b Dhaka Hospital.</p
Birth intervals by survival status and gender of previous child, icddr,b area.
No full textBirth intervals by survival status and gender of previous child, icddr,b area.</p
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