52 research outputs found
Feeding India’s babies: Insights on trends and patterns from the National Family Health Surveys, 2015-16 to 2019-21
No full textEarly life nutrition sets the stage for the health, nutrition, and development of young children. Optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices begin with timely initiation of breastfeeding, followed by exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding. This Data Note provides an overview of trends and patterns in IYCF practices in India at the national-, state-, and district levels based on the 2015-16 and 2019-21 National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) data. IYCF indicators were created following World Health Organization and UNICEF’s 2021 guidelines.Non-PRIFPRI1; POSHAN; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; CRP4Nutrition, Diets, and Health (NDH); Food and Nutrition Policy; SAR; A4NHCGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH
Workshop on leveraging the MGNREGA for resilient livelihoods for women
No full textMGNREGA assets for value chains that promote resilience for women Lessons from other states. Presentation given September 2024
Inflation Expectations of Households: Do They Influence Wage-Price Dynamics in India?
Get PDFThis paper examines the usefulness of survey-based information on inflation expectations of households in the analysis of inflation dynamics in India. As household inflation expectations do not satisfy the statistical properties of rationality and unbiasedness, hybrid versions of New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) are used to study whether survey-based measures of inflation expectations can be used as proxy for forward looking expectations to predict inflation in India. While both 3-months ahead and 1-year ahead household inflation expectations emerge statistically significant in explaining and predicting inflation, effectively they work as substitutes of backward looking expectations given that household expectations are found to be adaptive. When transmission of inflation expectations to inflation is assessed through wage dynamics, no robust evidence is found for expectations induced wage pressures influencing CPI inflation. Shortterm food and fuel shocks explain significant part of variations in inflation expectations of households. Notwithstanding limited evidence on spillover of inflation expectations of households to wages and prices, the high degree of observed inflation persistence and significant sensitivity of inflation expectations to food and fuel shocks warrant sustained emphasis of monetary policy on wellanchored inflation expectations
A Highly Oxidized Cobalt Porphyrin Dimer: Spin Coupling and Stabilization of the Four‐Electron Oxidation Product
No full textA highly oxidized cobalt porphyrin dimer is reported. Each cobalt(II) ion and porphyrin ring underwent 1e oxidation with iodine as the oxidant to give a 4e-oxidized cobalt(III) porphyrin π-cation radical dimer. The bridging ethylene group allows for substantial conjugation of the porphyrin macrocycles, thus leading to a strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the π-cation radicals and to stabilization of the singlet state. X-ray crystallography clearly showed that the complex may be considered as a real supramolecule rather than two cobalt(III) porphyrin π-cation radicals that interact through space
MGNREGA Program Asset Selection: A leaflet providing women information on how to participate
Get PDFThe International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), one of the research centers within the global Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), has a long history of gender research relevant to its mission of reducing poverty and ending hunger and malnutrition. One of the concerns with women’s empowerment beyond the household – in public spaces, including community decision-making processes – is that women lack key pieces of information necessary to facilitate their full and effective participation. This document is a leaflet designed by IFPRI in collaboration with our partner, Academy of Management Studies (AMS), for women in Odisha, India who hold job cards under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) program and thus have a right to influence the selection of the assets to be built by community members under the program. The purpose of the leaflet is to inform women about their rights to participate as well as some specifics on how and when to do so. It is used in conjunction with other interventions, including a public speaking training and a role model video, being deployed in Odisha in 2023 in order to expand women’s voice and agency in asset selection
Women's survey instrument: Measuring impacts of training interventions on voice and agency in MGNREGA asset selection in Odisha, India
No full textWomen’s voice and agency within community decision-making is linked intrinsically with gender equality as well as with community development outcomes and women’s livelihoods. These survey modules have been piloted in Odisha, India for measuring the impacts of a training intervention to amplify women’s voice and agency, and we include translations in Odia. They can be used to measure various aspects of women’s empowerment within MGNREGA as well as adapted to measure women’s voice and agency in community decision-making more broadly.
We have developed and piloted modules on:
• women’s employment in MGNREGA (module A);
• ownership of MGNREGA assets (module B);
• women’s participation in asset selection and asset aspirations (module C);
• perceptions of MGNREGA training program (module D);
• membership in collective organizations and comfort with public speaking (module E);
• self-efficacy (module F); and
• gender norms (module G
Can role models and skills training increase women’s voice in asset selection? Experimental evidence from Odisha, India
No full textWe explore the impacts of exposing women to female role models and providing skills training on outcomes related to women’s aspirations and engagement in demanding assets under India’s Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)—the largest public works program in the world, which solicits citizen input on which assets to build and where. While the role model treatment exposes women to a video with stories of female role models from neighboring districts who successfully demanded assets, the skills training shows women how to identify individual and group needs for assets, frame their demands, and articulate them to public functionaries. In a randomized controlled trial spanning 94 villages and involving approximately 2,600 women, we find that exposure to role models alone has limited impacts, but when combined with skills training, there are strong positive impacts on women’s aspirations and engagement in demanding assets. This reveals that even a light-touch training can significantly benefit women’s voice and agency in village decision-making
Can farmer collectives empower women and improve their welfare? Mixed methods evidence from India
No full textFarmer Producer Organizations (FPOs)—farmer collectives, often legally registered - can mitigate some of the constraints smallholder farmers face by improving their access to extension, services, and markets, especially for women. We evaluate the effects of a set of interventions delivered through women-only FPOs in Jharkhand, India, using a panel of 1200 households and a difference-in-difference model with nearest neighbor matching. A complementary qualitative study in the same areas helps triangulate and interpret our findings. The interventions aimed to improve agricultural productivity by coordinating production and improving access to services, while also providing gender sensitization trainings to FPO leaders and members. We collect household data on asset ownership and agricultural outcomes and individual data on women’s and men’s empowerment using the project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index for Market Inclusion (pro-WEAI+MI). Our results for asset ownership, land cultivated, cropping intensity, and per acre yields, revenues or costs are statistically insignificant. Effects on men’s and women's empowerment are mixed. While we see positive effects on women’s decisionmaking, asset ownership, control over income and attitudes towards intimate partner violence, the program is associated with an increase in workload and a reduction in active group membership for both men and women. Men appear to cede control over resources and decisionmaking to other household members. Additional analyses suggest that while some effects can occur in the short-term, others take time to accrue. FPO based interventions that aim to empower women or other marginalized groups likely require sustained investments over multiple years and will need to go beyond improving FPO functioning and increasing women’s participation to transforming social norms
Induction of supramolecular chirality in di-zinc(ii) bisporphyrin via tweezer formation: synthesis, structure and rationalization of chirality
No full textTwo new supramolecular complexes consisting of an achiral bisporphyrin host and a chiral diamine guest are reported. One shows a remarkably high amplitude bisignate CD signal while the other one shows a very low value. X-ray structure and other spectroscopic investigations of the tweezer complexes clearly rationalize the origin of the optical activity that has so far remained an unresolved issue
Self-assembly of cobalt(ii) and zinc(ii) tetranitrooctaethylporphyrin via bidentate axial ligands: synthesis, structure, surface morphology and effect of axial coordination
No full textA series of remarkably stable supramolecular architectures of cobalt(II) and zinc(II) tetranitrooctaethylporphyrins (tn-OEP) mediated by long and conjugated bipyridyl axial ligands (L) have been synthesized in one pot in excellent yields and structurally characterized. Linear 1D polymeric chains were observed in the X-ray structures of the six-coordinated Co(II) complexes in which all the porphyrin units are aligned parallel to each other to have so-called “shish kebab” like architectures in order to maintain offset-stacked overlap. In contrast, ZnII(tn-OEP) forms five-coordinate porphyrin dimers [ZnII(tn-OEP)]2·L with “wheel-and-axle” like architectures which are then self-aggregated in a perpendicular manner to fill space more effectively. The surface patterns of the polymeric molecules on HOPG surface are found similar as observed in the X-ray structures. Large downfield shift and the peak broadening of the axial ligand resonances in solution are discerned in the 1H NMR of [CoII(tn-OEP)]·L which is due to the contiguity to the paramagnetic Co(II) center. In contrast, upfield shift of the 1H NMR resonances of the axial ligand L are observed for [ZnII(tn-OEP)]2·L due to the shielding effect of porphyrin ring current which confirms the retention of the solid state structures in solution. However, the axial ligation with monodentate pyridine to CoII(tn-OEP) produces six-coordinate complex [CoIII(tn-OEP)(py)2]+ in which Co(II) spontaneously oxidizes to Co(III) in air. The first 1e-reductive response in cyclic voltammetry of [CoIII(tn-OEP)(py)2]+, which is assigned as CoIII/CoII, has been shifted to −0.42 V which explains why addition of pyridine to CoII(tn-OEP) in air results in spontaneous oxidation of Co(II) to Co(III). Weaker ligand field strength of bidentate bipyridyl axial ligand L compared to its smaller monodentate counterpart pyridine has also been demonstrated here
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