264 research outputs found
Food security and agrifood trade in Latin America and the Caribbean: Synopsis
No full textLatin America and the Caribbean is the world's largest net exporting region for agrifood products, yet the region faces immediate challenges to food security. Increasing intraregional trade presents an opportunity to eradicate hunger in the region. This brief provides a synopsis of key findings from a recent FAO-IFPRI report, La Seguridad Alimentaria y el Comercio Agroalimentario en América Latina y el Caribe (Food Security and Agrifood Trade in Latin America and the Caribbean), which examines the potential for expanding intraregional trade in LAC, and offers recommendations on the way forward.PRIFPRI1; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; DCALAC; Markets, Trade, and Institutions (MTI); Food and Nutrition Polic
An Analysis of Coffee Production, Food Security, and Child Nutrition in Ethiopia
No full textProfessional paper for the fulfillment of the Master of Public Policy degree.Arguably one of the most enduring legacies of COVID-19 will be the pandemic’s impact on global nutrition and food security. A recent report estimated that an additional 9.3 million children will become wasted, 2.6 million will become stunted, and 168,000 will die by 2022 as a result of the COVID19 pandemic and associated economic shock (Carducci et al., 2021). These statistics underscore a global problem that preceded the events of 2020. Malnutrition had been increasing gradually around the world
for years so that 690 million people were already undernourished by 2019 (Pretorius et al., 2019) (Carducci et al., 2021). This trend has major implications for global poverty and well-being. Malnourished individuals have lower energy levels and are more likely to become sick. This can impede economic activity while also increasing healthcare costs for families (Schaible & Kaufmann, 2007) (Vorster, 2010). Furthermore, these effects can also lead to mental health issues and social isolation
(Pretorius et al.,2019) (Huang et al., 2013). Malnutrition has even greater consequences for young children who may suffer impediments to their physical and mental development, which limit their future earning potential and shorten their life span (Martinez et al., 2018).McNamara, Brian. (2021). An Analysis of Coffee Production, Food Security, and Child Nutrition in Ethiopia. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/229548
Thermal Instability in Low Entropy Gas Lifted behind Buoyantly-Rising X-ray Bubbles
No full textPrecipitation models indicate that cooling instabilities form when the ratio of cooling time to free-fall in hot atmospheres surrounding massive galaxies falls below ~10, i.e., t_c/t_ff < 10. We show that this criterion is rarely met in central galaxies and is a statistically weaker indicator of cooling instabilities than cooling time alone. Hot atmospheres apparently do not experience large swings in gas density and cooling time in response to powerful AGN outbursts, which is an essential aspect of precipitation models. Based primarily on new ALMA observations, we show instead that molecular gas likely forms from low entropy gas caught in the updraft of rising X-ray bubbles. We suggest that thermal instabilities ensue when the ratio of the cooling time to the infall time of gas lifted to high altitudes falls below unity, i.e., t_c/t_I ~ 1.McNamara, Brian. (2016). Thermal Instability in Low Entropy Gas Lifted behind Buoyantly-Rising X-ray Bubbles. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/182031
The UN Food Systems Summit 2021: Lessons of the gender and finance levers
No full textThe United Nations Food Systems Summit (UNFSS), held in September of 2021, aimed to move food systems transformation to the top of the global policy agenda. An important element of the UNFSS were “levers of change,” areas of work expected to make a significant positive change within food systems. The UNFSS levers differed in the way they operated, their visibility, their impact on the Summit’s outcome, and the extent to which they feature in post-UNFSS activities and plans. This paper reviews the operation and effectiveness of the levers by discussing and comparing two key levers: gender and finance. The Gender Lever of Change focused on strengthening the role of women in food systems transformation, while the Finance Lever of Change focused on reforming existing financial structures and broadening financial support for optimal food systems. This paper reviews the activities and engagement of these two levers, the main debates. and the process of consultations. It concludes that the levers were instrumental in framing key principles and concrete directions for action to mainstream gender dimensions and to leverage finance for food system transformation. Lacking an agreed outcome document, the UNFSS established a kind of ‘social experiment’ by forming multistakeholder coalitions behind specific areas for food system transformation and by encouraging governments to design, on a voluntary basis, national pathways for such transformations. The outcomes of this social experiment are highly uncertain but could well turn out a way to overcome existing weaknesses in current fragmented mechanisms for food systems governance.Non-PRIFPRI5; UNFSS; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; G Cross-cutting gender themeDGO; LAC; MTI
Mouse Brain Atlas Ex Vivo MRI
No full text<p>The data set is part of the SAMBA pipeline, to be used for mousebrain atlas based segmentation and accompanies the following publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30565026/):</p>
<p>Anderson RJ, Cook JJ, Delpratt N, Nouls JC, Gu B, McNamara JO, Avants BB, Johnson GA, Badea A. Small Animal Multivariate Brain Analysis (SAMBA) - a High Throughput Pipeline with a Validation Framework. Neuroinformatics. 2019 Jul;17(3):451-472. doi: 10.1007/s12021-018-9410-0. PMID: 30565026; PMCID: PMC6584586.</p>
<p>The creation of the reference atlas is summarily described in the publication:</p>
<p>"An atlas based segmentation using a novel symmetrized atlas featuring 166 regions on each side, and having as initial point the parcellations described in (Calabrese et al. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6584586/#CR24">2015b</a>) provided label sets for 5 KA brains."</p>
Mouse Brain Atlas Ex Vivo MRI
No full text<p>The data set is part of the SAMBA pipeline, to be used for mousebrain atlas based segmentation and accompanies the following publication (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30565026/):</p>
<p>Anderson RJ, Cook JJ, Delpratt N, Nouls JC, Gu B, McNamara JO, Avants BB, Johnson GA, Badea A. Small Animal Multivariate Brain Analysis (SAMBA) - a High Throughput Pipeline with a Validation Framework. Neuroinformatics. 2019 Jul;17(3):451-472. doi: 10.1007/s12021-018-9410-0. PMID: 30565026; PMCID: PMC6584586.</p>
<p>The creation of the reference atlas is summarily described in the publication:</p>
<p>"An atlas based segmentation using a novel symmetrized atlas featuring 166 regions on each side, and having as initial point the parcellations described in (Calabrese et al. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6584586/#CR24">2015b</a>) provided label sets for 5 KA brains."</p>
Financial imperatives to food system transformation
No full textPRIFPRI3; ISI; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural EconomiesDGO; Markets, Trade, and Institutions (MTI); Food and Nutrition Polic
UEG899225 Supplemental Material - Supplemental material for Prevalence of coexisting autoimmune thyroidal diseases in coeliac disease is decreasing
No full textSupplemental material, UEG899225 Supplemental Material for Prevalence of coexisting autoimmune thyroidal diseases in coeliac disease is decreasing by Patricia Dominguez Castro, Grace Harkin, Mary Hussey, Brian Christopher, Clifford Kiat, Jun Liong Chin, Valerie Trimble, Deirdre McNamara, Padraic MacMathuna, Brian Egan, Barbara Ryan, David Kevans, Mohamed Abuzakouk, Richard Farrell, Con Feighery, Valerie Byrnes, Nasir Mahmud and Ross McManus in United European Gastroenterology Journal</p
Evidence for AGN Feedback in Galaxy Clusters and Groups
Get PDFThe current generation of flagship X-ray missions, Chandra and XMM-Newton, has changed our understanding of the so-called “cool-core” galaxy clusters and groups. Instead of the initial idea that the thermal gas is cooling and flowing toward the center, the new picture envisages a complex dynamical evolution of the intracluster medium (ICM) regulated by the radiative cooling and the nongravitational heating from the active galactic nucleus (AGN). Understanding the physics of the hot gas and its interplay with the relativistic plasma ejected by the AGN is key for understanding the growth and evolution of galaxies and their central black holes, the history of star formation, and the formation of large-scale structures. It has thus become clear that the feedback from the central black hole must be taken into account in any model of galaxy evolution. In this paper, we draw a qualitative picture of the current knowledge of the effects of the AGN feedback on the ICM by summarizing the recent results in this field
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