1,742,904 research outputs found
SHAP dependence plots for testosterone glucuronide and γ-glu-leu.
No full textA) Testosterone glucuronide. B) Testosterone glucuronide and γ-glu-leu. (PDF)</p
Glu-Trp-ONa or its acylated analogue (R-Glu-Trp-ONa) administration enhances the wound healing in the model of chronic skin wounds in rabbits
No full textMaxim A Shevtsov,1,2 Larisa V Smagina,1 Tatiana A Kudriavtceva,3 Sergey V Petlenko,4 Irina V Voronkina1 1Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), St Petersburg, Russia; 2IP Pavlov State Medical University of St Petersburg, St Petersburg, Russia; 3Institute of Experimental Medicine of the North-West Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (IEM NWB RAMS), St Petersburg, Russia; 4Military Medical Academy, St Petersburg, Russia Abstract: The management of chronic skin wounds represents a major therapeutic challenge. The synthesized dipeptide (Glu-Trp-ONa) and its acylated analogue (R-Glu-Trp-ONa) were assessed in the model of nonhealing dermal wounds in rabbits in relation to their healing properties in wound closure. Following wound modeling, the rabbits received a course of intraperitoneal injections of Glu-Trp-ONa or R-Glu-Trp-ONa. Phosphate-buffered saline and Solcoseryl® were applied as negative and positive control agents, respectively. An injection of Glu-Trp-ONa and R-Glu-Trp-ONa decreased the period of wound healing in animals in comparison to the control and Solcoseryl-treated groups. Acylation of Glu-Trp-ONa proved to be beneficial as related to the healing properties of the dipeptide. Subsequent zymography analyses showed that the applied peptides decreased the proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-9, MMP-8, and MMP-2 in the early inflammatory phase and reversely increased the activity of MMP-9, MMP-8, and MMP-1 in the remodeling phase. Histological analyses of the wound sections (hematoxylin–eosin, Mallory’s staining) confirmed the enhanced formation of granulation tissue and re-epithelialization in the experimental groups. By administering the peptides, wound closures increased significantly through the modulation of the MMPs’ activity, indicating their role in wound healing. Keywords: chronic wound, matrix metalloproteinases, small peptide
DataSheet_1_tRNA-Derived Fragment tRF-Glu-TTC-027 Regulates the Progression of Gastric Carcinoma via MAPK Signaling Pathway.docx
No full textTransfer RNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) belong to non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) discovered in most carcinomas. Although some articles have demonstrated the characteristics of tRFs in gastric carcinoma (GC), the underlying mechanisms still need to be elucidated. Meanwhile, it was reported that the MAPK pathway was momentous in GC progression. Thus we focused on investigating whether tRF-Glu-TTC-027 could act as a key role in the progression of GC with the regulation of the MAPK pathway. We collected the data of the tRNA-derived fragments expression profile from six paired clinical GC tissues and corresponding adjacent normal samples in this study. Then we screened tRF-Glu-TTC-027 for analysis by using RT-PCR. We transfected GC cell lines with tRF-Glu-TTC-027 mimics or mimics control. Then the proliferation, migration, and invasion assays were performed to assess the influence of tRF-Glu-TTC-027 on GC cell lines. Fluorescence in situ hybridization assay was conducted to confirm the cell distribution of tRF-Glu-TTC-027. We confirmed the mechanism that tRF-Glu-TTC-027 influenced the MAPK signaling pathway and observed a strong downregulation of tRF-Glu-TTC-027 in clinical GC samples. Overexpression of tRF-Glu-TTC-027 suppressed the malignant activities of GC in vitro and in vivo. MAPK signaling pathway was confirmed to be a target pathway of tRF-Glu-TTC-027 in GC by western blot. This is the first study to show that tRF-Glu-TTC-027 was a new tumor-suppressor and could be a potential object for molecular targeted therapy in GC.</p
Glu- and Lys-forms of plasminogen differentially affect phosphatidylserine exposure on the platelet surface
Full text linkPlasminogen/plasmin system is known for its ability to support hemostatic balance of blood. However, plasminogen may be considered as an adhesive ligand and in this way could affect the functioning of blood cells. We showed that exogenous Lys-plasminogen, but not its Glu-form, inhibited platelet aggregation and suppressed platelet α-granule secretion. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of Glu- and Lys-form of plasminogen on the formation of platelet procoagulant surface using phosphatidylserine exposure as a marker. Human platelets were obtained from human platelet-rich plasma (donors were healthy volunteers, men aged 30-40 years) by gel-filtration on Sepharose 2B. Phosphatidylserine exposure on the platelet surface was evaluated by flow cytometry with FITC-conjugated annexin A5. Glu- and Lys-plasminogen have different impact on the platelet functioning. Exogenous Lys-plasminogen has no significant effect on phosphatidylserine exposure, while Glu-plasminogen increases phosphatidylserine exposure on the surface of thrombin- and collagen-activated human platelets. Glu-plasminogen can be considered as a co-stimulator of agonist-induced platelet secretion and procoagulant surface formation. Meanwhile effects of Lys-plasminogen are probably directed at platelet-platelet interactions and not related to agonist-stimulated pro-apoptotic changes. The observed different effects of Glu- and Lys-plasminogen on phosphatidylserine exposure can be explained by their structural peculiarities
Reactivity and Selectivity of the <i>N</i>-Acetyl-Glu-P-1, <i>N</i>-Acetyl-Glu-P-2, <i>N</i>-Acetyl-MeIQx, and <i>N</i>-Acetyl-IQx Nitrenium Ions: Comparison to Carbocyclic <i>N</i>-Arylnitrenium Ions
No full textThe model ultimate carcinogens 1a−d, related to the metabolites of the food-derived carcinogenic
heterocyclic amines Glu-P-1, Glu-P-2, MeIQx, and IQx, spontaneously decompose in neutral aqueous
solution to generate the heterocyclic nitrenium ions, 2a−d. The less reactive esters 1a and 1b also undergo
acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis to generate the corresponding hydroxamic acids at pH <2, while the more
reactive 2c and 2d are prone to rearrangement in nonaqueous solvents. The reactions of the nitrenium
ions with AcO-, HPO42-, N3-, and 2‘-deoxyguanosine (d-G) were characterized in aqueous solution by
using a combination of competitive trapping methods and product isolation and identification. The reactions
with N3- and d-G generally follow patterns previously established for carbocyclic nitrenium ions, but the
reactions with AcO- and HPO42- are unusual. Similar reactions have previously only been reported for
heterocyclic 1-alkyl-2-imidazolium ions. The N3-/solvent selectivities of these ions (5.1 × 106 M-1 for 2a,
2.3 × 106 M-1 for 2b, 1.2 × 105 M-1 for 2c, and 5.2 × 104 M-1 for 2d) are comparable to those of highly
selective carbocyclic nitrenium ions. If kaz for these ions is diffusion limited at ca. 5 × 109 M-1 s-1 the
aqueous solution lifetimes of these ions range from 10 μs (2d) to 1 ms (2a). These ions are also highly
selective for trapping by d-G, but comparisons to other nitrenium ions show that they are 10- to 50-fold
less selective for trapping by d-G than they would be if both the N3- and d-G reactions were diffusion
limited. This is not a consequence of their heterocyclic structures. Several carbocyclic ions show similar
behavior. The relatively inefficient trapping of 2c and 2d by d-G may account for the observation of the
unusual minor N-2 d-G adduct that is isolated for both of these nitrenium ions, but has not previously been
observed for the reactions of other nitrenium ions with monomeric d-G
Structure and binding affinity for ICG-Glu-Glu-AE105.
No full text(A) The chemical structure of ICG-Glu-Glu-AE105 (B) Assessing uPAR binding properties of ICG-Glu-Glu-AE105 by an indirect solution competition for uPA binding by surface plasmon resonance yielding an IC50 value of 134 nM. (C) Absorption spectra of ICG (black, full line) and ICG-Glu-Glu-AE105 (red, full line) measured in HBC solution. Ecitation spectra of ICG (black, broken line) and ICG-Glu-Glu-AE105 (red, broken line) measured in HBC solution. Fluorescence spectra of ICG (blue) and ICG-Glu-Glu-AE105 (green) measured in HBC solution. The noise observed between 860–900 nm in the fluorescence spectra are due to poor detector correction of the instrument in this region.</p
Factors Controlling the Complex Architecture of Native and Modified Cyclodextrins with Dipeptide (Z-Glu-Tyr) Studied by Microcalorimetry and NMR Spectroscopy: Critical Effects of Peripheral Bis-trimethylamination and Cavity Size
No full textComplex stability constant (K), standard free energy (ΔG°), reaction enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy
change (TΔS°) for 1:1 inclusion complexation of the diastereomeric dipeptides Z-d/l-Glu-l-Tyr (Z =
benzyloxycarbonyl) and its component amino acids (Z-d/l-Glu and N-Ac-Tyr) with native α-, β-, and
γ-cyclodextrins (CDs) and A,X-modified bis(6-trimethylammonio-6-deoxy)-β-CDs (AX-TMA2-β-CDs) were
determined in buffer solution (pH 6.9) at T = 298.15 K by isothermal titration microcalorimetry. Concurrent
NMR spectral examinations revealed that the penetration mode and the resulting complex architecture are
dramatically altered by the peripheral modification and also by the CD's cavity size. Upon complexation of
the ditopic Z-Glu-Tyr guest, native α- and β-CDs preferentially bind the Z's phenyl group, whereas AX-TMA2-β-CDs predominantly include the Tyr's phenol moiety. In contrast, native γ-CD includes both of the
aromatic moieties simultaneously in the same cavity. Furthermore, for isomeric AB-, AC, and AD-TMA2-β-CDs, an inversion of enantioselectivity and a switching of the penetration mode were observed, critically
depending on the position of TMA substituents
Effect of Glu-A3 Allelic Variation on Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Sedimentation Volume in Wheat
No full text为了了解小麦Glu-A3位点基因的等位变异对SDS沉降值的影响,我们对122个小麦品系的Glu-A3位点等位基因组成(分子标记),HMW亚基组成(聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳),以及这些小麦的品质参数SDS沉降值进行了鉴定,测量并进行了数据统计分析。方差分析显示,含有各Glu-A3等位基因的小麦品系SDS沉降值均值之间差异显著,Glu-A3位点基因的等位变异能解释SDS沉降值变异的9.09%,7个等位基因中含等位基因glu A3a,glu A3g和glu A3d的品系其平均沉降值都较高,而含glu A3b,glu A3f,和glu A3e的品系其平均沉降值都较低。不同HMW亚基背景下的分析结果也基本符合..
Structures of Glu-AMP and Glu-AMS.
No full text<p>Structures of the reaction intermediate Glu-AMP (top), and of its non-hydrolysable analogue Glu-AMS (bottom), which is an inhibitor of <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> GluRS [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0121043#pone.0121043.ref006" target="_blank">6</a>].</p
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