1,721,188 research outputs found
False Myths versus Medical Facts: Ten Common Misconceptions Related to Dry Eye Disease
Full text linkSince the first definition of dry eye, rapid progress has been made in this field over the past decades that has guided profound changes in the definition, classification, diagnosis and management of the disease. Although dry eye is one of the most frequently encountered ocular conditions, various "old" misconceptions persist, in particular among comprehensive ophthalmologists not specialized in ocular surface diseases. These misconceptions hamper the correct diagnosis and the proper management of dry eye in the routine clinical practice. In the present review, we described the 10 most common misconceptions related to dry eye and provided an evidence-based guide for reconsidering them using the format "false myth versus medical fact". These misconceptions concern the dry eye definition and classification (#1, #2, #3), disease physiopathology (#4), diagnosis (#5), symptoms (#6, #7) and treatment (#8, #9, #10). Nowadays, dry eye is still an under-recognized and evolving disease that poses significant clinical challenges to ophthalmologists. The two major reasons behind these challenges include the heterogeneity of the conditions that fall under the umbrella term of dry eye and the common discrepancy between signs and symptoms
May home confinement during the COVID-19 outbreak worsen the global burden of myopia?
No full textNo abstract availabl
Comparison of the Efficacy of Topical Chloramphenicol 0.5%-Betamethasone 0.2% (CB) and CB Associated with Sodium Hyaluronate/Trehalose/Carbomer Gel Following Strabismus Surgery.
No full textPurpose: To compare the efficacy of topical chloramphenicol 0.5%-betamethasone 0.2% (CB) and CB associated with sodium hyaluronate/trehalose/carbomer (HTC-gel) gel following strabismus surgery. Methods: Longitudinal, single-arm, study case series analysis involved patients undergoing bilateral symmetrical horizontal strabismus surgery. One eye received CB alone and the contralateral eye CB and HTC-gel. Both treatments were instilled 3 times a day for 4 weeks postoperatively. Ocular inflammation was assessed objectively at 1 and 4 weeks by Efron scale for conjunctival redness. Foreign body sensation, burning/stinging, itching, pain, stick feeling, and blurred vision were evaluated by the numerical rating scale. Results: There were 31 patients included in the study. The mean age at presentation was 51 years (standard deviation 24, range 19-85). Conjunctival inflammatory at 1 and 4 weeks showed no statistically significant difference between the 2 treatments (P = 0.75 and P = 0.33, respectively). At 1 week postsurgery, all the subjective parameters showed a significant difference (P < 0.0001) between the 2 groups of treatment to the exclusion of "itching" and "pain" (P = 0.18 and P = 0.67, respectively) with higher scores, to the exception of "blurred vision" in the CB treatment. At 4 weeks postoperatively, no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups (P > 0.16) of treatments were observed, with the exception of the symptom "blurred vision" (0.00 vs. 1.65, CB vs. CB and HTC-gel, respectively, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: CB associated with HTC-gel seems to be an effective treatment option following strabismus surgery
Congiuntiviti allergiche
No full textLa congiuntivite allergica è una risposta infiammatoria della congiuntiva nei confronti di allergeni di vario tipo ed è accompagnata da sintomi soggettivi e segni obiettivi
Special Issue “Managing Dry Eye Disease over Time: An Italian Consensus Conference”
Full text linkDry eye disease (DED) is a chronic, progressive, highly prevalent condition affecting 5 to 33% of the global adult population [1]. After the first comprehensive definition was published in 1995 on the basis of consensus from the National Eye Institute [2], it was realized that the complexity of DED tended to be underestimated and therefore the disease underdiagnosed. Two major steps forward were taken in 2007 [3] and 2017 [4], and the results were published in the reports of DEWS and DEWS II of the TFOS, respectively. Nowadays, it is clear that DED affects not only tears, but the entire ocular surface system, and that three main pathogenic factors, namely tear instability, inflammation and damage to the epithelia, play a key role for its development; these factors can be associated, as a cause or as a consequence, with eyelid abnormalities and nerve dysfunction [5].
Another important aspect of DED is related to the symptoms referred by the patients that can significantly impair patients’ quality of life and daily activities [6,7]. Furthermore, after the first diagnosis and the initial therapeutic program, patients feel alone in the face of a disease that will have ups and downs over time with sudden flare-ups. To improve patients’ satisfaction, it is essential not only to prescribe the proper therapy but also to monitor the course of signs and symptoms over time in order to adapt the treatment according to the response with the aim of avoiding the chronicization of the disease [8].
Counseling, patient education and doctor–patient alliance are important tools that can promote therapeutic efficacy, which is crucial to guarantee adherence to therapy and a reduction in symptoms [9].
In the Italian context, clinicians felt the need to define and share a standard approach to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of DED. In order to address this unmet need, a group of ophthalmologists who contend with ocular surface disease issues on a daily basis (“Italian Dry Eye Consensus Group”) has worked together in creating a new project named “Eye Care 4 Care”. This expert group convened to a consensus on practical algorithms for providing treatment recommendations, reached by means of a Delphi consensus process, in four different scenarios: (i) “DED and inflammation”; (ii) “DED and eyelid”; (iii) “DED and surgery”; (iv) “DED and treatment compliance”. Despite every scenario being different, creating some algorithms will assist in coming to the right answer over time. In order to respect the complexity and the numerous settings in which the condition of DED can be found, the scientific data obtained by evidence available in the literature and also the clinical experience of “real life” have been considered through an extended and shared discussion. Monitoring the status of the patient over time can show if there is a trend of improvement or worsening, and if the target is reached or not. This will allow tailoring the treatment according to the different clinical conditions presented by a single patient at each time point. It is intended that these algorithms will be useful in a clinical setting for general ophthalmologists.
There are still many fundamental questions that need to be addressed in order to improve DED treatment effectiveness over time and therefore patients’ satisfaction. This Special Issue will describe in detail all the four algorithms proposed by the Italian Dry Eye Consensus Group along with other open issues related to the management over time of DED
Large Language Model Advanced Data Analysis Abuse to Create a Fake Data Set in Medical Research
No full textMarine Natural Products Rescuing the Eye: A Narrative Review
Full text linkDifferent degrees of visual impairment lead to a decrease in patient wellbeing, which has an adverse effect on many facets of social and professional life. Eye disorders can affect several parts of the eye, most notably the retina and the cornea, and the impacted areas might share a common form of cellular damage or dysfunction (such as inflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration). Considering that marine organisms inhabit a broad variety of marine habitats, they display a great degree of chemical diversity. As a result, molecules with a marine origin are receiving more and more attention in the hopes of developing novel therapeutic approaches. For instance, fucoxanthin has been demonstrated to be effective in protecting the retina against photo-induced damage, while largazole, astaxanthin and spirulina have all shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activities that can be useful for the management of several ocular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and ocular surface disorders. The aim of this review is to analyze the scientific literature relating to the therapeutic effects on the eye of the main natural marine products, focusing on their mechanism of action and potential clinical uses for the management of ocular diseases
Never Say Never: The Latest Immune Rejection Ever Reported 51 y After Corneal Transplantation
No full text- …
