184 research outputs found
HEALTH AND SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Get PDFMore and more people are becoming self-employed, yet little is known about the relation between health and self-employment. This thesis looks whether there is a difference in health profile between self-employed people and wageworkers. A general model for the effects of job type on health is the job demand control model (Karasek, 1979; Karasek and Theorell, 1990; Theorell and Karasek, 1996). Research has been done on the health implications of being self-employed, however this research was not able to draw a clear conclusion. By analyzing data from the panel study of income dynamics (PSID) this thesis aims to contribute to the knowledge of the relation between self-employment and health. The main results are that (i) self-employed individuals are more likely to have suffered or do still suffer from hypertension and cancer compared to wageworkers, (ii) the self-reported health of self-employed individuals is worse than the self-reported health of wageworkers, and (iii) self-employed individuals are less likely to have arthritis, asthma, and diabetes. Finally, (iv) evidence is found for a relation between self-employment and having a health condition in general
Entrepreneurship and Family Composition
No full textDuring the post-war period, many economies of developing countries could be characterized as managed economies. Economies characterized by large-scale production with the production factors capital and labour as the prominent sources of competitive advantage. These economies flourished during the post-war era providing economic growth, jobs, stability and security. In the same period, the importance of small business and entrepreneurship decreased as these seemed to be economically inefficient. Since the late 80s however, small and young firms have returned, boosting economic growth. The production factors capital and labour are no longer considered to be the dominant source of competitive advantage as the importance of knowledge as a production factor increased. Audretsch and Thurik (2004) call this transition the switch from the managed economy to the entrepreneurial economy. Along with the increasing importance of entrepreneurial activity for boosting the economy, the importance of entrepreneurship has also grown on a scientific level making it a well-established academic discipline
Evaluation of the interaction of anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic drugs with the ABCG2 transporter : effects on milk safety
No full text236 p.[ES] El transportador de membrana ABCG2 es una proteína transportadora perteneciente a la subfamilia G de los transportadores ABC (ATP-Binding Cassette). Se expresa en la membrana apical de células pertenecientes a órganos de interés farmacocinético como el hígado, riñón e intestino, así como en las principales barreras protectoras: hematoencefálica, hematotesticular y fetoplacentaria (Vlaming et al., 2009; Stacy et al., 2013), actuando como una bomba que expulsa compuestos fuera de la célula (Khunweeraphong et al., 2019). Una de las características fundamentales de ABCG2 reside en su capacidad para interaccionar con una amplia variedad de sustancias de distinta naturaleza, como compuestos endógenos, naturales, fármacos y compuestos tóxicos (Mo y Zhang, 2012; Mao y Unadkat, 2015; Safar et al., 2019; Zattoni et al., 2022), los cuales pueden interaccionar como sustratos, inhibidores o ambos. Debido a su distribución y capacidad de interacción con diferentes compuestos, este transportador juega un papel fundamental en la protección del organismo frente a compuestos tóxicos. Asimismo, participa en los procesos de absorción, distribución y eliminación de fármacos, limitando su absorción intestinal y favoreciendo su eliminación y, por lo tanto, afectando a su disponibilidad, eficacia y toxicidad (Vlaming et al., 2009; Basseville et al., 2016). Además, ABCG2 está involucrado en el desarrollo de resistencias a fármacos antitumorales, lo cual agrava el pronóstico del cáncer al limitar la acumulación intracelular de estos fármacos en las células tumorales (Chen et al., 2016).Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de EspañaMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. Agencia Estatal de Investigació
Waardoor geraakt de hardwerkende Vlaming gestresseerd?
Get PDFOp basis van het Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model wordt gezocht naar een verklaring voor verschillen in niveaus van psychische vermoeidheid en plezier in het werk bij een representatieve steekproef uit de Vlaamse beroepsbevolking (N = 12.095). Het JD-R model veronderstelt dat de aanwezigheid van hoge werkeisen in een werksituatie leidt tot spanning en vermoeidheid, en dat de aanwezigheid van voldoende hulpbronnen het welbevinden bevordert. Het onderzoek bevestigt deze veronderstellingen. Hoge werkdruk, emotionele belasting, belastende arbeidsomstandigheden, WTI en werkonzekerheid (de onderzochte werkeisen) hangen samen met veel psychische vermoeidheid en weinig plezier in het werk. Zelfstandigheid in het werk, leermogelijkheden en goede ondersteuning door de leidinggevende (de onderzochte hulpbronnen) hangen samen met veel plezier in het werk en een lager niveau van psychische vermoeidheid. Voor de bufferhypothese - bij een hoge werkdruk leidt een toename in de zelfstandigheid in het werk tot minder psychische vermoeidheid en meer plezier in het werk - is slechts gedeeltelijk steun gevonden. Ten slotte is nog gevonden dat een combinatie van weinig zelfstandigheid en weinig leermogelijkheden samengaan met uitermate hoge niveaus van vermoeidheid en onwelbevinden
Waardoor geraakt de hardwerkende Vlaming gestresseerd?
Get PDFOp basis van het Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model wordt gezocht naar een verklaring voor verschillen in niveaus van psychische vermoeidheid en plezier in het werk bij een representatieve steekproef uit de Vlaamse beroepsbevolking (N = 12.095). Het JD-R model veronderstelt dat de aanwezigheid van hoge werkeisen in een werksituatie leidt tot spanning en vermoeidheid, en dat de aanwezigheid van voldoende hulpbronnen het welbevinden bevordert. Het onderzoek bevestigt deze veronderstellingen. Hoge werkdruk, emotionele belasting, belastende arbeidsomstandigheden, WTI en werkonzekerheid (de onderzochte werkeisen) hangen samen met veel psychische vermoeidheid en weinig plezier in het werk. Zelfstandigheid in het werk, leermogelijkheden en goede ondersteuning door de leidinggevende (de onderzochte hulpbronnen) hangen samen met veel plezier in het werk en een lager niveau van psychische vermoeidheid. Voor de bufferhypothese - bij een hoge werkdruk leidt een toename in de zelfstandigheid in het werk tot minder psychische vermoeidheid en meer plezier in het werk - is slechts gedeeltelijk steun gevonden. Ten slotte is nog gevonden dat een combinatie van weinig zelfstandigheid en weinig leermogelijkheden samengaan met uitermate hoge niveaus van vermoeidheid en onwelbevinden
Effectiveness of light traps for detecting Razorback Sucker larvae
No full textPoster presented at the Colorado State University Graduate Student Showcase 2017.Detection of endangered Razorback Sucker Xyrauchen texanus larvae by light traps is used to prompt flow releases to inundate Green River floodplains crucial to survival. However, little is known about the efficacy of light traps to capture or retain larvae. We investigated effects of trap set time, release distance from trap, light presence, and turbidity on capture and retention rates of early life stages. Laboratory capture rates were 90% and decreased 60% with increasing fish size. Retention exceeded 70% overall, but increased 25% with increasing fish size. Relationships between set time and distance should be investigated, along with field testing.Warner College of Natural Resources - Top Scholar
Healthy Ageing: prevention of loneliness among elderly people : evaluation of a complex intervention in public health practice
No full text Introduction Concerns about the ageing population and formal responsibilities of local governments to promote social cohesion and to enhance participation of vulnerable groups in society placed loneliness prevention high on the local policy agenda of Dutch municipalities in the past decade. The study described in this thesis was part of the Healthy Ageing programme of the Academic Collaborative Centre AGORA and aimed to contribute to more effective, evidence-based and problem-oriented approaches to healthy ageing at the local level. Aim The general aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of a local intervention project – called Healthy Ageing – targeting loneliness among non-institutionalised elderly people. Healthy Ageing consisted of five intervention components, namely, a mass media campaign, information meetings, psychosocial group courses, social activities organised by neighbours, Neighbours Connected, and training of intermediaries. Methods First, the influence of socio-demographic and health characteristics on changes in loneliness over time and municipal differences in the prevalence of loneliness were investigated. Data were gathered from 9,641 persons who participated in the Elderly Health Survey of the community health service, GGD Noord- en Oost- Gelderland (former GGD Gelre-IJssel), in 2005 or 2010. Second, the overall-effect of Healthy Ageing on the initial outcome loneliness literacy, intermediate outcome social support, and ultimate outcome loneliness was evaluated using a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design, including an intervention and control community. Baseline and follow-up measurements, in 2008 and 2010 respectively, were available for 858 non-institutionalized elderly people. The Loneliness Literacy Scale was developed within the context of this thesis and was pre-tested in a separate study among 303 elderly persons who also participated in the quasi-experimental study. Finally, delivery, reach, and acceptance of the individual intervention components was studied in several satellite studies. Data were collected by different means, e.g. project records and surveys among participants. Furthermore, the acceptability of the mass media communication materials, information meetings, and psychosocial courses of Healthy Ageing was studied by in-depth interviews with 14 clients of the meal delivery service in the intervention community. Results Overall and across municipalities, average loneliness scores did not significantly differ between 2005 and 2010. However, among the subgroup with mobility disabilities, loneliness was significantly higher in 2010. Furthermore, mobility disabilities and marital status were the most important factors explaining differences between municipalities. With regard to the evaluation of Healthy Ageing, the satellite studies showed that the reach and intensity of the intervention components were modest. Furthermore, from the interviews it appeared that the mass media communication materials were not successful in attracting attention because interviewees did not expect health information from these communication channels, the perceived personal relevance of the message was low, and the presentation was not attractive. Moreover, the content of the intervention components was not well received because the objectives and intervention components did not connect well with the priority group’s daily life. In addition, it appeared from the quasi-experimental study that 39% of the study participants from the intervention community was familiar with Healthy Ageing at follow-up. Overall, the intervention group scored more favourably on the loneliness literacy subscales, motivation (4.4%), perceived social support (8.2%), and subjective norm (11.5%) than the control group. However, no overall effects were observed for the intermediate and ultimate outcomes, total social support and loneliness after two years. Conclusion Given the modest overall intervention exposure, the effect of Healthy Ageing on the loneliness literacy subscale, motivation, is plausible, whereas on the subscales, perceived social support and subjective norm, probable, and on the subscale, self-efficacy, unlikely. Furthermore, whether the initial effects will carry forward to the intermediate and ultimate outcomes needs to be confirmed. The modest effects of Healthy Ageing can partly be explained by the challenges on organisational level which delayed and suppressed project implementation. Furthermore, the project might have benefited from a more systematic approach in order to ensure better alignment between the intervention components and formulated objectives. Finally, target group differentiation is highly recommended. This evaluation of Healthy Ageing illustrates how researchers can cope with the evaluation challenges of complex interventions which cannot be fully controlled. In turn, this provides valuable lessons for the development of intervention programmes and evaluation designs in public health practice.</p
The current and future use of ridge regression for prediction in quantitative genetics
Get PDFIn recent years, there has been a considerable amount of research on the use of regularization methods for inference and prediction in quantitative genetics. Such research mostly focuses on selection of markers and shrinkage of their effects. In this review paper, the use of ridge regression for prediction in quantitative genetics using single-nucleotide polymorphism data is discussed. In particular, we consider (i) the theoretical foundations of ridge regression, (ii) its link to commonly used methods in animal breeding, (iii) the computational feasibility, and (iv) the scope for constructing prediction models with nonlinear effects (e.g., dominance and epistasis). Based on a simulation study we gauge the current and future potential of ridge regression for prediction of human traits using genome-wide SNP data. We conclude that, for outcomes with a relatively simple genetic architecture, given current sample sizes in most cohorts (i.e., N < 10,000) the predictive accuracy of ridge regression is slightly higher than the classical genome-wide association study approach of repeated simple regression (i.e., one regression per SNP). However, both capture only a small proportion of the heritability. Nevertheless, we find evidence that for large-scale initiatives, such as biobanks, sample sizes can be achieved where ridge regression compared to the classical approach improves predictive accuracy substantially
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