209 research outputs found
MD-Honeypot-SSH: Gathering Threat Intelligence Data during the SSH Handshake
No full textWith the amount of network connected devices every increasing, and many of them running the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol to facilitate remote management, research into SSH attacks is more important than ever. SSH honeypots can be used to act like vulnerable systems while gathering valuable data on the attacker and its methods in the meantime. The SSH handshake is a currently undervalued asset in these honeypots as a lot of data is already exchanged in this early part of the protocol. In this thesis we propose the MD-Honeypot-SSH framework that can be used to gather threat intelligence research data on the SSH handshake. We show the design choices made in the development of the framework and consider which data is useful to collect in the SSH handshake for future research. As part of the framework we modify an existing OpenSSH implementation to allow us to log any relevant branching decisions made in the server. We then use this logging data to create state machines of the server behaviour while handling a specific connection. We use these state machines to compare different connections and show, as a proof of concept, that we can group these connections based on the used client. The main contribution of this thesis is to provide the MD-Honeypot-SSH framework as a tool to future research, and we provide some recommendations for future research directions.Computer Science | Cyber Securit
Should African Americans be overtreated for depression the same as whites are? Commentary on Waldman et al (2009)
No full textHistory of depression and survival after acute myocardial infarction
No full textObjective: To compare survival in post-myocardial (MI) participants from the Enhancing Recovery In Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) clinical trial with a first episode of major depression (MD) and those with recurrent MID, which is a risk factor for mortality after acute MI. Recent reports suggest that the level of risk may depend on whether the comorbid MD is a first or a recurrent episode. Methods: Survival was compared over a median of 29 months in 370 patients with an initial episode of MD, 550 with recurrent MD, and 408 who were free of depression. Results: After adjusting for an all-cause mortality risk score, initial Beck Depression Inventory score, and the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, patients with a first episode of MD had poorer survival (18.4% all-cause mortality) than those with recurrent MD (11.8%) (hazard ratio (HR)=1.4; 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=1.0-2.0; p=.05). Both first depression (HR=3.1; 95% CI=1.6-6.1; p=.001) and recurrent MD (HR=2.2; 95% CI=1.1-4.4; p=.03) had significantly poorer survival than did the nondepressed patients (3.4%). A secondary analysis of deaths classified as probably due to a cardiovascular cause resulted in similar HRs, but the difference between depression groups was not significant. Conclusions: Both initial and recurrent episodes of MD predict shorter survival after acute MI, but initial MD episodes are more strongly predictive than recurrent episodes. Exploratory analyses suggest that this cannot be explained by more severe heart disease at index, poorer response to depression treatment, or a higher risk of cerebrovascular disease in patients with initial MD episodes
Corrigendum to: The epidemiology of alcohol use disorders cross-nationally: findings from the World Mental Health Surveys [Addict. Behav. 102 (2020) 106128] (Addictive Behaviors (2020) 102, (S0306460319304897), (10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106128))
No full textThe authors regret that the abovementioned article published online September 16, 2019, had an error in the author affiliations. The edited author affiliations are shown above. The authors also regret that the names of the WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators were omitted from the end of the article. “The WHO World Mental Health Survey collaborators are Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, MD, PhD; Ali Al-Hamzawi, MD; Mohammed Salih Al-Kaisy, MD; Jordi Alonso, MD, PhD; Laura Helena Andrade, MD, PhD; Lukoye Atwoli, MD, PhD; Corina Benjet, PhD; Guilherme Borges, ScD; Evelyn J. Bromet, PhD; Ronny Bruffaerts, PhD; Brendan Bunting, PhD; Jose Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida, MD, PhD; Graça Cardoso, MD, PhD; Somnath Chatterji, MD; Alfredo H. Cia, MD; Louisa Degenhardt, PhD; Koen Demyttenaere, MD, PhD; Silvia Florescu, MD, PhD; Giovanni de Girolamo, MD; Oye Gureje, MD, DSc, FRCPsych; Josep Maria Haro, MD, PhD; Meredith Harris, PhD; Hristo Hinkov, MD, PhD; Chi-yi Hu, MD, PhD; Peter de Jonge, PhD; Aimee Nasser Karam, PhD; Elie G. Karam, MD; Norito Kawakami, MD, DMSc; Ronald C. Kessler, PhD; Andrzej Kiejna, MD, PhD; Viviane Kovess-Masfety, MD, PhD; Sing Lee, MB, BS; Jean-Pierre Lepine, MD; John McGrath, MD, PhD; Maria Elena Medina-Mora, PhD; Zeina Mneimneh, PhD; Jacek Moskalewicz, PhD; Fernando Navarro-Mateu, MD, PhD; Marina Piazza, MPH, ScD; Jose Posada-Villa, MD; Kate M. Scott, PhD; Tim Slade, PhD; Juan Carlos Stagnaro, MD, PhD; Dan J. Stein, FRCPC, PhD; Margreet ten Have, PhD; Yolanda Torres, MPH, Dra.HC; Maria Carmen Viana, MD, PhD; Daniel V. Vigo, MD, DrPH; Harvey Whiteford, MBBS, PhD; David R. Williams, MPH, PhD; and Bogdan Wojtyniak, ScD.” The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused
Metabolic and behavioral compensations in response to caloric restriction: Implications for the maintenance of weight loss
No full textBackgroundMetabolic and behavioral adaptations to caloric restriction (CR) in free-living conditions have not yet been objectively measured.Methodology and principal findingsForty-eight (36.8+/-1.0 y), overweight (BMI 27.8+/-0.7 kg/m(2)) participants were randomized to four groups for 6-months;Controlenergy intake at 100% of energy requirements; CR: 25% calorie restriction; CR+EX: 12.5% CR plus 12.5% increase in energy expenditure by structured exercise; LCD: low calorie diet (890 kcal/d) until 15% weight reduction followed by weight maintenance. Body composition (DXA) and total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) over 14-days by doubly labeled water (DLW) and activity related energy activity (AREE) were measured after 3 (M3) and 6 (M6) months of intervention. Weight changes at M6 were -1.0+/-1.1% (CONTROL), -10.4+/-0.9% (CR), -10.0+/-0.8% (CR+EX) and -13.9+/-0.8% (LCD). At M3, absolute TDEE was significantly reduced in CR (-454+/-76 kcal/d) and LCD (-633+/-66 kcal/d) but not in CR+EX or controls. At M6 the reduction in TDEE remained lower than baseline in CR (-316+/-118 kcal/d) and LCD (-389+/-124 kcal/d) but reached significance only when CR and LCD were combined (-351+/-83 kcal/d). In response to caloric restriction (CR/LCD combined), TDEE adjusted for body composition, was significantly lower by -431+/-51 and -240+/-83 kcal/d at M3 and M6, respectively, indicating a metabolic adaptation. Likewise, physical activity (TDEE adjusted for sleeping metabolic rate) was significantly reduced from baseline at both time points. For control and CR+EX, adjusted TDEE (body composition or sleeping metabolic rate) was not changed at either M3 or M6.ConclusionsFor the first time we show that in free-living conditions, CR results in a metabolic adaptation and a behavioral adaptation with decreased physical activity levels. These data also suggest potential mechanisms by which CR causes large inter-individual variability in the rates of weight loss and how exercise may influence weight loss and weight loss maintenance.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00099151.Leanne M. Redman, Leonie K. Heilbronn, Corby K. Martin, Lilian de Jonge, Donald A. Williamson, James P. Delany, Eric Ravussin, for the Pennington CALERIE tea
Barriers to 12-month treatment of common anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders in the World Mental Health (WMH) surveys
No full textFunding Information: The World Mental Health Survey collaborators are Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, MD, PhD; Ali Al-Hamzawi, MD; Jordi Alonso, MD, PhD; Yasmin A. Altwaijri, PhD; Laura Helena Andrade, MD, PhD; Lukoye Atwoli, MD, PhD; Corina Benjet, PhD; Guilherme Borges, ScD; Evelyn J. Bromet, PhD; Ronny Bruffaerts, PhD; Brendan Bunting, PhD; Jose Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida, MD, PhD; Gra\u00E7a Cardoso, MD, PhD; Stephanie Chardoul, BA; Alfredo H. C\u00EDa, MD; Louisa Degenhardt, PhD; Giovanni de Girolamo, MD; Ma. Lourdes Rosanna E. de Guzman, MD; Oye Gureje, MD, DSc, FRCPsych; Josep Maria Haro, MD, PhD; Meredith G. Harris, PhD; Hristo Hinkov, MD, PhD; Chi-yi Hu, MD, PhD; Peter de Jonge, PhD; Aimee Nasser Karam, PhD; Elie G. Karam, MD; Georges Karam, MD; Alan E. Kazdin, PhD; Norito Kawakami, MD, DMSc; Ronald C. Kessler, PhD; Salma Khaled, PhD; Andrzej Kiejna, MD, PhD; Viviane Kovess-Masfety, MD, PhD; John J. McGrath, MD, PhD; Maria Elena Medina-Mora, PhD; Jacek Moskalewicz, PhD; Fernando Navarro-Mateu, MD, PhD; Daisuke Nishi, MD, PhD; Marina Piazza, MPH, ScD; Jos\u00E9 Posada-Villa, MD; Kate M. Scott, PhD; Juan Carlos Stagnaro, MD, PhD; Dan J. Stein, FRCPC, PhD; Margreet ten Have, PhD; Yolanda Torres, MPH, Dra.HC; Maria Carmen Viana, MD, PhD; Daniel V. Vigo, MD, DrPH; Cristian Vladescu, MD, PhD; David R. Williams, MPH, PhD; Bogdan Wojtyniak, ScD; Peter Woodruff, MBBS, PhD, FRCPsych; Miguel Xavier, MD, PhD; Alan M. Zaslavsky, PhD. Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2025.Background: High unmet need for treatment of mental disorders exists throughout the world. An understanding of barriers to treatment is needed to develop effective programs to address this problem. Methods: Data on barriers were obtained from face-to-face interviews in 22 community surveys across 19 countries (n = 102,812 respondents aged ≥ 18 years, 57.7% female, median age [interquartile range]: 43 [31–57] years; 68.5% weighted average response rate) in the World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. We focus on the n = 5,136 respondents with 12-month DSM-IV anxiety, mood, or substance use disorders with perceived need for treatment. The n = 2,444 such respondents who did not receive treatment were asked about barriers to receiving treatment, whereas the n = 926 respondents who received treatment with a delay were asked about barriers leading to delays. Consistent with previous research, we distinguished five broad classes of barriers: low perceived disorder severity, two types of barriers in the domain of predisposing factors (beliefs/attitudes about treatment ineffectiveness and stigma) and two types in the domain of enabling factors (financial and nonfinancial). Baseline predictors of receiving treatment found in a prior report (i.e., comparing the n = 2,692 respondents who received treatment with the n = 2,444 who did not) were examined as predictors of barriers, while barriers were examined as mediators of associations between these predictors and treatment. Results: Most respondents reported multiple barriers. Barriers among respondents who did not receive treatment included low perceived severity (52.9%), perceived treatment ineffectiveness (44.8%), nonfinancial (40.2%) and financial (32.9%) barriers in the domain of enabling factors, and stigma (20.6%). Barriers causing delays in treatment had a similar rank-order but were reported by higher proportions of respondents (X21 = 3.8–199.8, p = 0.050− < 0.001). Barriers were predicted by low education, disorder type, age, employment status, and financial obstacles. Predictors varied as a function of barrier type. Conclusions: A wide range of barriers to treatment exist among people with mental disorders even after a need for treatment is acknowledged. Most such individuals have multiple barriers. These results have important implications for the design of programs to decrease unmet need for treatment of mental disorders.publishersversionpublishe
Paroxismale kinesiogene dyskinesie
No full textParoxismale kinesiogene dyskinesie (PKD) is voor veel artsen een onbekende bewegingsstoornis, die zich kenmerkt door kortdurende episodes van abnormale bewegingen. Tussen deze aanvallen door is het neurologisch onderzoek bij patiënten met PKD in het geheel niet afwijkend. De diagnose is daardoor vaak lastig te stellen. Wij zien jaarlijks een behoorlijk aantal jonge patiënten met PKD bij wie deze aanvallen goed te behandelen zijn. Een filmpje van een aanval kan uitkomst bieden bij het stellen van de diagnose. Aan de hand van 2 patiënten en hun filmpjes laten wij zien dat er een aantal kenmerken zijn waardoor u de diagnose ‘PKD’ kunt stellen en uw patiënten direct kunt behandelen
Human/robotic interaction: vision limits performance in simulated vitreoretinal surgery
No full textPurpose Compare accuracy and precision in XYZ of stationary and dynamic tasks performed by surgeons with and without the use of a tele-operated robotic micromanipulator in a simulated vitreoretinal environment. The tasks were performed using a surgical microscope or while observing a video monitor. Method Two experienced and two novice surgeons performed tracking and static tasks at a fixed depth with hand-held instruments on a Preceyes Surgical System R0.4. Visualization was through a standard microscope or a video display. The distances between the instrument tip and the targets (in mu m) determined tracking errors in accuracy and precision. Results Using a microscope, dynamic or static accuracy and precision in XY (planar) movements were similar among test subjects. In Z (depth) movements, experience lead to more precision in both dynamic and static tasks (dynamic 35 +/- 14 versus 60 +/- 37 mu m; static 27 +/- 8 versus 36 +/- 10 mu m), and more accuracy in dynamic tasks (58 +/- 35 versus 109 +/- 79 mu m). Robotic assistance improved both precision and accuracy in Z (1-3 +/- 1 mu m) in both groups. Using a video screen in combination with robotic assistance improved all performance measurements and reduced any differences due to experience. Conclusions Robotics increases precision and accuracy, with greater benefit observed in less experienced surgeons. However, human control was a limiting factor in the achieved improvement. A major limitation was visualization of the target surface, in particular in depth. To maximize the benefit of robotic assistance, visualization must be optimized
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