1,721,089 research outputs found

    Neuronal Circuitry Dissected by Immunocytochemistry Combined with Retrograde Tracing and Electrophysiology

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    This volume presents a collection of protocols for immunocytochemical analysis of neurons and neural networks. Chapters focus on immunocytochemical localization at light and electronic levels, biochemical characterization, and functional analysis in vivo or ex vivo by novel types of microscopy, as well as protocols for development and production of genetic probes. Written for the popular Neuromethods series, chapters include the kind of detail and key implementation advice that ensures successful results in the laboratory

    The roles of motor activity and environmental enrichment in intellectual disability

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    In people with intellectual disabilities, an enriched environment can stimulate the acquisition of motor skills and could partially repair neuronal impairment thanks to exploration and motor activity. A deficit in environmental and motor stimulation leads to low scores in intelligence tests and can cause serious motor skill problems. Although studies in humans do not give much evidence for explaining basic mechanisms of intellectual disability and for highlighting improvements due to enriched environmental stimulation, animal models have been valuable in the investigation of these conditions. Here, we discuss the role of environmental enrichment in four intellectual disabilities: Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), Down, Rett, and Fragile X syndromes
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