1,721,781 research outputs found
How do you explain the risk of air pollution to your patients?
Full text link.@ERStalk Environ & Health committee workshop concludes: HCPs vital to raising awareness of air pollution to patients http://ow.ly/pfOe301FoIg
Eindrapport WP4 blootstelling: Blootstelling aan chroom-6 op de NL-POMS-sites 1984-2006
No full textHet RIVM coördineert voor het Ministerie van Defensie het Gezondheidsonderzoek gebruik gevaarlijke stoffen bij Defensie; POMS, chroom-6 en CARC”. Dit onderzoek is opgedeeld in verschillende werkpakketten waarbij dit concept-rapport het werkpakket 4 (WP4) betreft. Het doel van WP4 is het karakteriseren en (zo mogelijk) kwantificeren van de historische blootstelling aan chroom-6 van werknemers die op POMS-sites (Prepositioned Organizational Materiel Storage) werkzaam zijn geweest. Hierbij is het van belang om te onderzoeken welke processen, functies, taken en handelingen op de verschillende POMS-sites plaatsvonden waarbij blootstelling aan chroom-6 mogelijk was. De aard van de werkzaamheden (frequentie en duur), of sprake was van directe en/of indirecte blootstelling en de aanwezigheid van beheersmaatregelen en persoonlijke beschermingsmiddelen (PBM) zijn meegewogen in de beoordeling van de blootstelling aan chroom-6
P I – 2–6 An integrated modelling framework to estimate residents exposure to pesticides from boom sprayer applications
No full textEvaluation of exposure assessment methods in epidemiological studies: The welding example
No full textExposure assessment quality is a fundamental consideration in the design and evaluation of observational studies. High quality exposure assessment is particularly relevant for outcomes with long latency, such as cancer, where detailed information on past exposures are often missing and must therefore be estimated. For the IARC Monograph on welding, the exposure group provided an overview of assessment methods used in the key epidemiological studies. Strengths and weaknesses of each study were assessed, along with their potential effects on interpretation of risk estimates. For the association between lung cancer and welding fume exposure, 9 cohort and 10 case-control studies were reviewed. For ocular melanoma and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from welding, 7 case-control studies were reviewed. Quality criteria were: full occupational histories, and standardized, blinded and quantitative exposure assessment. Additional criteria for lung cancer: specifically assessing welding fumes and using information on welding tasks. For ocular melanoma: assessing artificial and solar radiation separately, taking into account eye burns, eye protection and welding type. Exposure assessment of welding fumes by applying a 'welding-exposure matrix' (n=2) or welding-specific questionnaires (n=3) were considered highest quality, followed by case-by-case expert assessment (n=5) or general job-exposure matrices (JEMs, n=4). Job title alone was considered less informative (n=5). For exposure to UVR, JEMs were most informative (n=2), followed by self-reported eye burns and self-reported exposure from specific welding types (n=2), although caution is advised regarding recall bias. Assessing welding fume exposure or ever exposure to welding arcs as proxy for UVR was considered less informative. For both exposures, ever versus never welder, or assessments based on data collected from proxies, were considered least informative. The overall evaluation was that there is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of welding fumes and ultraviolet radiation from welding
Integrated Environmental Health Impact Assessment for Risk Governance Purposes; Across What Do We Integrate?
No full textIntegrated Environmental Health Impact Assessment (IEHIA) can be considered as an element in the third phase of environmental risk management. Its focus is on providing inclusive descriptions of multiple impacts from multiple stressors in such a way that they can be evaluated against the potential societal benefits of the causes of the stressors. This paper emphasises some differences and difficulties in the integration across professional paradigms and scientific fields, across stakeholder perspectives and differences in impact indicators that emanate from these different fields and paradigms
Occupational exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and the risk of ALS: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Full text link© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. We performed a meta-analysis to examine associations of occupational exposure to extremely-low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Epidemiologic studies were identified in EMBASE and MEDLINE, in reference lists and a specialist database. We included studies that reported risk estimates of ALS in association with occupational ELF-MF exposure. Summary relative risks (RR) or odds ratios (OR) were obtained with random effect meta-analysis, and analyses were stratified by type of exposure assessment. This was done to evaluate whether observed heterogeneity between studies could be explained with differences in the way the exposure had been determined. We included 20 studies in our meta-analysis. Overall, studies reported a slightly increased risk of ALS in those exposed to higher levels of ELF-MF compared to lower levels with a summary RR (sRR) of 1.14 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.00–1.30) and for workers in electrical occupations (sRR 1.41, CI 1.05–1.92), but with large heterogeneity between studies (I 2 > 70%). Self-reported exposure or occupations determined from death certificates did not show increased risks. Highest-longest types of exposure translated into increased risks of ALS if the studies had evaluated the whole occupational history, in contrast to evaluating only few points in time (e.g., from census records); sRR were 1.89 (CI 1.31–2.73, I 2 0%) and 1.06 (CI 0.75–1.57, I 2 76%), respectively. In this meta-analysis, we observed an increased risk of ALS in workers occupationally exposed to ELF-MF. Results of studies depended on the quality of the exposure assessment. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:156–163, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
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