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New Approaches and Technologies in Orthodontics
No full text: In recent years, new diagnostic and treatment approaches in orthodontics have arisen, and there is thus a need for researchers and practitioners to stay up to date with these innovations [...]
Validation of the Use of ATR Mode in FT-IR Spectroscopy on Gingival Crevicular Fluid Samples in Orthodontics
No full textPrevious work has demonstrated the relevance of Fourier Tr and IR investigation on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) for monitoring orthodontic treatments. Previously, FT-IR spectra of GCF samples have been acquired in reflectance mode by dropping a few microliters of GCF on a reflecting support. A faster procedure for collecting GCF spectra can be obtained by exploiting the Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) contact sampling method, which allows the collection of good-quality infrared spectra with almost no sample preparation. The objective of the present investigation is to validate the ATR approach for GCF analysis by comparing the spectra acquired in reflectance using the GCF samples extracted via paper cones versus those directly collected from the blotter, employing the ATR approach
Gingival crevicular fluid alkaline phosphate activity during the retention phase of maxillary expansion in prepubertal subjects: A split-mouth longitudinal study
Get PDFNTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to monitor the alveolar bone formation at the tension sites of teeth supporting the appliances for rapid maxillary expansion (RME) during the retention phase according to the local gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. METHODS: This split-mouth prospective study included 23 prepubertal subjects (15 girls, 8 boys; mean age, 9.0 ± 1.4 years) who had a constricted maxillary arch and were undergoing RME. Periodontal parameters, including probing depth, were recorded at 3 and 6 months after RME. Furthermore, the GCF ALP activity was measured at the tension sites of the supporting test teeth (TT) and at the antagonist control teeth (CT) sites. RESULTS: Periodontal parameters were generally similar between the TT and CT sites during the study, with the exception that probing depth underwent a slight increase at the TT sites. At baseline, the GCF ALP activity was similar between the TT and CT sites; however, at both 3 and 6 months, significantly greater enzymatic activity was seen at the TT sites. The overall probing depth changes were not significantly correlated with the corresponding GCF ALP activity changes for either the TT or the CT sites. CONCLUSIONS: Alveolar bone formation at the tension sites would last up to 6 months of retention after RME. These results warrant more comprehensive studies to assess whether the GCF ALP activity has potential as a diagnostic tool for bone formation during the retention phase of RME
Speed Up Monitoring Orthodontic Treatments by Using Gingival Crevicular Fluid FT-IR Spectroscopy in ATR Geometry
No full textGingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is an exudate originating in the epithelium lining of the gingival sulcus. GCF analysis can represent a simple and noninvasive tool for monitoring periodontal and bone remodeling during the orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Previous work has demonstrated that Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy on GCF gives interesting information on the changes occurring in protein, lipid, and carbohydrate contents during orthodontic treatments. Consequently, FT-IR spectroscopy can be considered a useful tool for monitoring OTM in a clinical environment. To this aim, it is important to shorten the spectra acquisition times and optimize the data analysis procedures. In this article, a faster procedure for collecting GCF spectra has been adopted by exploiting the attenuated total reflection (ATR) contact sampling method, which allows the collection of good-quality infrared spectra with no sample preparation. In this case, the spectra have been directly acquired on the supports used for collecting GCF avoiding any time-consuming extraction procedure. Furthermore, to optimize the data analysis procedures, different methods have been applied and new biomarkers have been identified for promoting a robust and rapid characterization of GCF, allowing more personalized orthodontic treatment by reducing any side effects
Predictors of postretention stability of mandibular dental arch dimensions in patients treated with a lip bumper during mixed dentition followed by fixed appliances
No full textObjective: To identify which dental and/or cephalometric variables were predictors of postretention mandibular dental arch stability in patients who underwent treatment with transpalatal arch and lip bumper during mixed dentition followed by full fixed appliances in the permanent dentition. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one patients were divided into stable and relapse groups based on the postretention presence or absence of relapse. Intercuspid, interpremolar, and intermolar widths; arch length and perimeter; crowding; and lower incisor proclination were evaluated before treatment (T0), after lip bumper treatment (T1), after fixed appliance treatment (T2), and a minimum of 3 years after removal of the full fixed appliance (T3). Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of changes between T0 and T1, as predictive variables, on the occurrence of relapse at T3. Results: The model explained 53.5 % of the variance in treatment stability and correctly classified 80.6 % of the sample. Of the seven prediction variables, intermolar and interpremolar changes between T0 and T1 (P = .024 and P = .034, respectively) were statistically significant. For every millimeter of increase in intermolar and interpremolar widths there was a 1.52 and 2.70 times increase, respectively, in the odds of having stability. There was also weak evidence for the effect of sex (P = .047). Conclusions: The best predictors of an average 4-year postretention mandibular dental arch stability after treatment with a lip bumper followed by full fixed appliances were intermolar and interpremolar width increases during lip bumper therapy. The amount of relapse in this crowding could be considered clinically irrelevant.Objective: To identify which dental and/or cephalometric variables were predictors of postretention mandibular dental arch stability in patients who underwent treatment with transpalatal arch and lip bumper during mixed dentition followed by full fixed appliances in the permanent dentition. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one patients were divided into stable and relapse groups based on the postretention presence or absence of relapse. Intercuspid, interpremolar, and intermolar widths; arch length and perimeter; crowding; and lower incisor proclination were evaluated before treatment (T0), after lip bumper treatment (T1), after fixed appliance treatment (T2), and a minimum of 3 years after removal of the full fixed appliance (T3). Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of changes between T0 and T1, as predictive variables, on the occurrence of relapse at T3. Results: The model explained 53.5 % of the variance in treatment stability and correctly classified 80.6 % of the sample. Of the seven prediction variables, intermolar and interpremolar changes between T0 and T1 (P = .024 and P = .034, respectively) were statistically significant. For every millimeter of increase in intermolar and interpremolar widths there was a 1.52 and 2.70 times increase, respectively, in the odds of having stability. There was also weak evidence for the effect of sex (P = .047). Conclusions: The best predictors of an average 4-year postretention mandibular dental arch stability after treatment with a lip bumper followed by full fixed appliances were intermolar and interpremolar width increases during lip bumper therapy. The amount of relapse in this crowding could be considered clinically irrelevant
Short-and long-Term evaluation of mandibular dental arch dimensional changes in patients treated with a lip bumper during mixed dentition followed by fixed appliances
No full textObjective: To evaluate short-and long-Term mandibular dental arch changes in patients treated with a lip bumper during the mixed dentition followed by fixed appliances, compared with a matched control sample. Materials and Methods: Dental casts and lateral cephalograms obtained from 31 consecutively treated patients before (T0) and after (T1) lip bumper, after fixed appliances (T2), and a minimum of 3 years after fixed appliances (T3) were analyzed. The control group was matched as closely as possible. Arch width, arch perimeter, arch length, and incisor proclination were evaluated. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze changes in measurements over all four time points between treatment and control groups. Results: Arch widths and crowding were always significantly different except at T-2T1. At T1-T0, only crowding decreased 3.2 mm while intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths increased by 3.8, 3.3, and 3.9 mm, respectively. Changes at T-3T2 showed a significant decrease of 2.1 mm for crowding and an increase of 3.5, 2.9, 2.7, and 0.8 mm for intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths and arch perimeter, respectively. Finally, at T3-T0, the reduction in crowding of 5.03 mm was significant and clinically important in the treated group. The differences between intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths were also significant (2.1, 3.8, and 3.6 mm, respectively). All those differences favored the treated group. Conclusions: Mandibular dental arch dimensions were significantly changed after lip bumper treatment. At follow-up, all arch widths were slightly decreased, generating an increase of 0.4 mm in crowding, considered clinically irrelevant. Overall changes remained stable after an average 6.3-year follow-up.Objective: To evaluate short-and long-Term mandibular dental arch changes in patients treated with a lip bumper during the mixed dentition followed by fixed appliances, compared with a matched control sample. Materials and Methods: Dental casts and lateral cephalograms obtained from 31 consecutively treated patients before (T0) and after (T1) lip bumper, after fixed appliances (T2), and a minimum of 3 years after fixed appliances (T3) were analyzed. The control group was matched as closely as possible. Arch width, arch perimeter, arch length, and incisor proclination were evaluated. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze changes in measurements over all four time points between treatment and control groups. Results: Arch widths and crowding were always significantly different except at T-2T1. At T1-T0, only crowding decreased 3.2 mm while intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths increased by 3.8, 3.3, and 3.9 mm, respectively. Changes at T-3T2 showed a significant decrease of 2.1 mm for crowding and an increase of 3.5, 2.9, 2.7, and 0.8 mm for intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths and arch perimeter, respectively. Finally, at T3-T0, the reduction in crowding of 5.03 mm was significant and clinically important in the treated group. The differences between intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths were also significant (2.1, 3.8, and 3.6 mm, respectively). All those differences favored the treated group. Conclusions: Mandibular dental arch dimensions were significantly changed after lip bumper treatment. At follow-up, all arch widths were slightly decreased, generating an increase of 0.4 mm in crowding, considered clinically irrelevant. Overall changes remained stable after an average 6.3-year follow-up
Infrared microspectroscopy characterization of gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic treatment
Get PDFThe gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a site-specific exudate deriving from the epithelium lining of the gingival sulcus. GCF analysis provides a simple and noninvasive diagnostic procedure to follow-up the periodontal ligament and bone remodeling in response to diseases or mechanical stimuli as the orthodontic tooth movement. The aim of this study was to use infrared (IR) microspectroscopy to assess GCF composition changes at different phases of fixed orthodontic treatment. GCF samples were collected using sterile paper cones from young patients before starting the orthodontic treatment (control) and after 2, 7 and 14 days of fixed orthodontic treatment. Infrared spectra were obtained on GCF extracted from cones. In these spectra, the contributions of main functional groups and the changes related to the different phases of orthodontic treatment were present. Different normalizations to significant peaks were performed to better evidence the changes occurring at different times of the orthodontic treatment. Useful information was also obtained by evaluating the ratio between the areas of selected bands related to protein, lipid and carbohydrate contents. The results here reported show that IR microspectroscopy analysis can give an important contribution for monitoring GCF changes during the early phases of the orthodontic tooth movement.The gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a site-specific exudate deriving from the epithelium lining of the gingival sulcus. GCF analysis provides a simple and noninvasive diagnostic procedure to follow-up the periodontal ligament and bone remodeling in response to diseases or mechanical stimuli as the orthodontic tooth movement. The aim of this study was to use infrared (IR) microspectroscopy to assess GCF composition changes at different phases of fixed orthodontic treatment. GCF samples were collected using sterile paper cones from young patients before starting the orthodontic treatment (control) and after 2, 7 and 14 days of fixed orthodontic treatment. Infrared spectra were obtained on GCF extracted from cones. In these spectra, the contributions of main functional groups and the changes related to the different phases of orthodontic treatment were present. Different normalizations to significant peaks were performed to better evidence the changes occurring at different times of the orthodontic treatment. Useful information was also obtained by evaluating the ratio between the areas of selected bands related to protein, lipid and carbohydrate contents. The results here reported show that IR microspectroscopy analysis can give an important contribution for monitoring GCF changes during the early phases of the orthodontic tooth movement. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
The aesthetic perception of orthodontic specialists, general dentists and laypeople regarding different smile displays for a patient missing one upper lateral incisor and the other one peg-shaped
No full textBackground: The prevalence of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis ranges from 1% to 3%, with slight global variability. The unilateral agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisor is often associated with a contralateral tooth with microdontia or a peg shape and can have esthetic, functional, and psychosocial implications for patients. The aim of the present survey was to assess the perceptions of smile aesthetics among orthodontists, general dentists and laypeople on different treatment choices, modifying the initial condition of the right maxillary lateral incisor agenesis and the contralateral peg-shaped tooth. Methods: A series of 6 photographs of different smile simulations were presented to 109 orthodontic specialists, 109 general dentists and 141 laypeople through an online survey. Each photograph was duplicated and judged from 1 to 10 for 2 different bipolar adjectives. Results: Statistically significant results were found for all the groups investigated. All three groups preferred the photo that maintained the typical symmetrical ‘high-low-high gingival contour. Moreover, both orthodontic specialists and general dentists preferred unilateral mesialization of the canine and conservative rehabilitation of the peg-shaped incisor. In contrast, the laypeople preferred bilateral mesialization of the canines with peg-shaped incisor avulsion. Conclusion: The normal symmetrical array of the central incisor, lateral incisor and canine had the best aesthetic results for all subjects. Laypeople were more attracted to a symmetrical smile than were the groups of orthodontic specialists and general dentists
Evaluation of tinnitus in patients with Temporomandibular Disorders through Axis II of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI)
No full textBackground: Tinnitus is a quite common and bothersome disorder that results in a perceived sound or noise, without an external origin, often causing notable psychological distress. Some interconnections between tinnitus, bodily pain perception, and psychological well-being were previously reported, thus the relationships between tinnitus and temporomandibular joint (TMJ)-related muscle issues, resulting in somatosensory tinnitus, must be deeply investigated. This study aims to assess the prevalence of tinnitus in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and to examine the impact of treatment approaches for TMD in patients with and without tinnitus. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 37 adults with TMD symptoms were treated with cognitive behavioural psychological therapy, including relaxation and self-inspection, self-care education, and physiotherapy. Diagnostic data were collected before and after treatment using the Axis II of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire. Statistical analysis included descriptive assessments and significance was set at p < .05. Results: Individuals with tinnitus and TMD reported a significantly higher number of body pain areas, indicating a link between tinnitus and increased bodily pain perception. Tinnitus did not significantly impact TMJ-related functions. Significantly higher levels of psychological distress were observed in individuals with tinnitus, as evidenced by elevated scores in depression, generalised anxiety and somatic symptoms. Conclusion: Tinnitus is a complex condition with significant effects on health and well-being, requiring an interdisciplinary approach for effective evaluation and care. The study provides deep insights into the prevalence of tinnitus in TMD patients, underscoring the need for comprehensive treatment strategies addressing both TMD and tinnitus
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