1,721,309 research outputs found
UNFOLDING THE LEGAL COMPONENT OF TRUSTWORTHY AI: A MUST TO AVOID ETHICS WASHING*
No full textThe author analyses the need to define the content of the legal dimension of Trustworthy AI and propose an approach to measure the reach of existing applicable legal rules and appreciate the eventual need of new legal rules for AI and avoiding ethics washing risks.
L'autore affronta la necessità di definire operazionalmente il contenuto della dimensione giuridica di una Trsustworthy AI e propone un approccio per apprezzare la misura in cui le norme esistenti siano sufficienti e l'eventuale necessità di nuove soluzioni giuridiche per la AI evitando così rischi di ethics washing
How should an explanation be? A mapping of technical and legal desiderata of explanations for machine learning models
Full text linkMachine learning (ML) systems are abundant in our world.
However, most of these systems are not understandable, which poses several challenges, including their safety, proper
functioning and accountability. Further, ML models are susceptible to social biases, which can lead to unjust and
discriminatory situations. The field of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) attempts to answer these challenges by
providing explanation methods for ML models. However, there is still an open debate about the necessary desiderata of such methods, including the often-missing consideration of the legal side of explanation desiderata. In this work, we put forward a set of five technical and five legal desiderata of XAI and develop a multi-layered mapping encompassing the dynamics among and between the two sets and linking them to actual requirements. From the standpoint of legality, we rely on the European requirements explainability and justificability. In our mapping, we draw the interdependencies and the intersections between the technical and legal desiderata, creating an image that visualises
the assessment of the technical and legal driving forces (desiderata matching requirements) in the design and provision
of explanations. Ultimately, explainability and justificability desiderata must be systematic; understood as a dynamic, circular
and iterative process
The European Approach to Artificial Intelligence across Geo-political Models of Digital Governance
Full text linkDigital technologies are crucial in many high-stakes fields and should follow the principle of transparency. At the same time, technologies are inescapably value-laden. In fact, values are built into algorithms, technical standards, and protocols. Adopting a geo-political perspective, this paper aims to investigate how the main state actors (i.e., Russia, China, the USA, and Europe) further the advancement of digital technologies in ways that mirror their political, cultural, and societal structures. We propose a comprehensive analysis that encompasses a legal, ethical, and technical assessment. Furthermore, we consider a case within the SoBigData++ research infrastructure as an example of successful synergy of digital technologies and fundamental ethical and legal principles underpinning the European society
The many features which make the eIDAS 2 Digital Wallet either risky or the ideal vehicle for the transition to post-quantum encryption
No full textThe amended Digital Identity Framework Regulation (“eIDAS 2′′) is expected to be implemented by 2026, including its new solution of the Digital Identity Wallet from each Member State for its residents, citizens, and businesses. Widely used public key cryptosystems including those in the current EUDI Wallet prototypes are using electronic signatures and authentication that will need to be replaced by post-quantum resistant cryptography (PQC). In April 2024, the EU recommended general action by the Member States to prepare for quantum capability. We suggest that the European Digital Identity Wallet could be the starting point for an impactful debut of hybrid “quantum resistant” cryptography tools to align the Member States in the transition. We look at the awareness campaigns of ENISA and national cybersecurity authorities in the USA, Spain, UK and Germany on the transition to PQC using a hybrid approach. There seems to be some early consensus that NIST’s PQC algorithms are likely to set the international standard. Given the eIDAS 2′s flexible, technologically neutral language, it allows the timely implementation of new secure encryption methods. The Wallet could be an exemplary model for large businesses, or app developers, and SMEs that also must transition to PQC to render secure those asymmetrically encrypted quantum-vulnerable digital assets. A very large and relatively fast uptake of the EUDI Wallet system is expected, and if it holds the promises of functionality, user friendliness, and security across the changing technological world, the EUDI Wallet’s approach could become a benchmark for the transition
to post-quantum capacity
Il danno parentale, la riguadagnata centralità delle tabelle milanesi e l'esigenza...di superarle
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