6,310 research outputs found
Upregulation of the Tim-3/galectin-9 pathway of T cell exhaustion in chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
Get PDFThe S-type lectin galectin-9 binds to the negative regulatory molecule Tim-3 on T cells and induces their apoptotic deletion or functional inactivation. We investigated whether galectin-9/Tim-3 interactions contribute to the deletion and exhaustion of the antiviral T cell response in chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB). We found Tim-3 to be expressed on a higher percentage of CD4 and CD8 T cells from patients with CHB than healthy controls (p<0.0001) and to be enriched on activated T cells and those infiltrating the HBV-infected liver. Direct ex vivo examination of virus-specific CD8 T cells binding HLA-A2/peptide multimers revealed that Tim-3 was more highly upregulated on HBV-specific CD8 T cells than CMV-specific CD8 T cells or the global CD8 T cell population in patients with CHB (p<0.001) or than on HBV-specific CD8 after resolution of infection. T cells expressing Tim-3 had an impaired ability to produce IFN-γ and TNF-α upon recognition of HBV-peptides and were susceptible to galectin-9-triggered cell death in vitro. Galectin-9 was detectable at increased concentrations in the sera of patients with active CHB-related liver inflammation (p = 0.02) and was strongly expressed by Kupffer cells within the liver sinusoidal network. Tim-3 blockade resulted in enhanced expansion of HBV-specific CD8 T cells able to produce cytokines and mediate cytotoxicity in vitro. Blocking PD-1 in combination with Tim-3 enhanced the number of patients from whom functional antiviral responses could be recovered and/or the strength of responses, indicating that these co-inhibitory molecules play a non-redundant role in driving T cell exhaustion in CHB. Patients taking antivirals able to potently suppress HBV viraemia continued to express Tim-3 on their T cells and respond to Tim-3 blockade. In summary, both Tim-3 and galectin-9 are increased in CHB and may contribute to the inhibition and deletion of T cells as they infiltrate the HBV-infected liver
Do dolphins benefit from nonlinear mathematics when processing their sonar returns?
No full textAn interview with author Tim Leighton about the paper
Opportunities for linking young surveyors across professional surveying member organisations and FIG
No full textTim Di Muzio on 'Sabotage'
No full textIn a series of essays published in 2013 and 2014 on capitaspower.com, political economist Tim Di Muzio explored the concept of ‘sabotage’ as it applies to capitalist power. I recently rediscovered these essays and was so impressed by them that I have reposted them here as a single piece.
About the author: Tim Di Muzio is a researcher at the University of Wollongong. He is the author of numerous books, including Debt as power, Carbon capitalism, and The 1% and the Rest of us
What good is organizational nostalgia in the time of pandemic? Unpacking a pathway from COVID-related stress to authenticity at work: unpacking a pathway from COVID-related stress to authenticity at work
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has elevated people’s stress level, but has also highlighted human adaptiveness. We focus on nostalgia, a sentimental longing for events and aspects of one’s past life, as a coping response to COVID-related stress. We propose that COVID-related stress undermines felt authenticity, but also triggers nostalgia. In turn, nostalgia conduces to felt authenticity, thereby counteracting the deleterious impact of COVID-related stress. We tested this regulatory model of nostalgia in two studies. Study 1 was an online cross-sectional study during the pandemic, in which we assessed COVID-related stress, nostalgia, and authenticity. In Study 2, we followed a group of working adults in a daily diary study across five workdays. We assessed COVID-related stress each morning, organizational nostalgia at midday, and authenticity at the end of the workday. The results of both studies were consistent with the palliative role of nostalgia in support of the regulatory model. We discuss the theoretical contribution of our findings to the nostalgia and emotion literatures, and consider implications for effective coping strategies during pandemics
1996-1997 Tim Gautreaux
No full textTim Gautreaux is the author of three novels and two earlier short story collections. His work has appeared in The New Yorker, The Best American Short Stories, The Atlantic, Harper’s, and GQ. After teaching for thirty years at Southeastern Louisiana University, he now lives, with his wife, in Chattanooga, Tennessee. (Photo credit: Randy Bergeron)https://egrove.olemiss.edu/grisham_res/1023/thumbnail.jp
First person - Tim Petzold
Get PDFFirst Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Biology Open, helping researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Tim Petzold is first author on ‘ Connexin 41.8 governs timely haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell specification’, published in BiO. Tim conducted the research described in this article while a PhD student in Julien Bertrand's lab at the Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland. He is now a postdoc in the lab of Holger Gerhardt at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany, investigating developmental biology – previously his focus was on how blood stem cells develop and now it has shifted to how the vascular system develops
Organizational nostalgia as a novel pathway toward greater employee well-being: an organizational nostalgia approach
No full textEmployee well-being is a critical consideration for organizations. It may be particularly so in the post COVID-19 era, where many still suffer from the pandemic’s after-effects. We propose a novel pathway to maintain and improve employee well-being: organizational nostalgia, one’s sentimental longing or wistful affection for past organizational events. We advocate that organizational nostalgia is associated with job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and that telecommuting frequency (i.e., the extent to which employees work remotely) moderates this association. Additionally, we examine employees’ perceptions of organizational cultural strength as an antecedent of organizational nostalgia. Findings from two studies support our theoretical proposals and offer fresh insight into how organizations could sustain their employees’ well-being by leveraging organizational nostalgia
Tim Seibles, 40th Annual ODU Literary Festival
No full textTim Seibles is the author of several poetry collections including Hurdy-Gurdy, Hammerlock, Buffalo Head Solos, and Fast Animal, which was a finalist for the 2012 National Book Award. In 2013 he received both the Pen Oakland Josephine Miles Award for poetry and an honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Misericordia University for his literary accomplishments. His latest collection, One Turn Around the Sun, has just been released. Tim is the current Poet Laureate of Virginia and is a Professor of English at Old Dominion University where he teaches literature as well as classes in the MFA in writing program
Tim Seibles, 39th Annual ODU Literary Festival
No full textTim Seibles is the author of several poetry collections including Hurdy-Gurdy, Hammerlock, Buffalo Head Solos, and Fast Animal, which was a finalist for the 2012 National Book Award. In 2013 he received both the Pen Oakland Josephine Miles Award for poetry and an honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Misericordia University for his literary accomplishments. His latest collection, One Turn Around the Sun, has just been released. Tim is the current Poet Laureate of Virginia and is a Professor of English at Old Dominion University where he teaches literature as well as classes in the MFA in writing program
- …
