1,721,000 research outputs found
"Evaluation of a ""Fitme"" Model for Measuring Energy Expenditure of Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury Using Physical Activity Compendium"
No full text"The Physical Activity Compendium (PAC; Ainsworth et al., 1993, 2000) is commonly used to estimate physical activity (PA) related energy expenditure of self-report PA measures. PAC, however, cannot be applied to persons with disabilities (PWD) due to: (a) lack of PAs done by PWD and (b) large inter- and intra-variability among PWD. This study evaluates the ""FITME"" model (Lee & Zhu, in review), which includes developing a compendium supplement for persons with spinal cord injury (PSCI) and applying individual calibration (IC), by applying it to PSCI. Nineteen males and 12 females with complete and incomplete spinal cord injury (height: 161.26+/-22.99 cm, weight: 60.52+/-15.32 kg, and age: 18-45 yrs.) participated. Ten PAs were tested, three low-intensity (6 MET). Those activities were classified into three categories to construct a mini-compendium supplement: Activities by Both able- and disable-bodied populations with Similar METs (ABS), Activities by Both able- and disable-bodied populations with Different METs (ABD), and Activity by targeted Disability population Only (ADO). The ten PAs' RMR and oxygen consumptions were measured by indirect calorimetry (COSMED, Italy). Means of MET values in each PA by group and category were computed. Using z-tests, MET values between the compendium supplement and PAC were compared. METs were compared by gender, injury level, and complete lesion using t-tests. Means and SD of R2 and SEE applying regression analysis, averaged absolute error %, and mean signed difference (MSD) were calculated by each of 1,012 k-pairs of IC and cross-validation. Conclusions were: (a) A mini-version of a compendium supplement for PSCI was successfully developed and activities were classified into three categories, ABS, ABD, and ABS. Ten participants seem to be enough to determine MET values for PSCI; (b) IC is better than group calibration (GC), reducing error rate up to 7% from GC; (c) A wide range of intensity is required to obtain a lower error rate in IC; and (d) Future research should focus on developing simple and economical methods to determine a PA's MET value and identify factors that lead to error in the IC process."Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-28T15:04:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2007Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 87671
Lift date: Forever
Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsU of I Only182 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007
PE Metrics: Background, Testing Theory, and Methods.
No full textNew testing theories, concepts, and psychometric methods (e.g., item response theory, test equating, and item bank) developed during the past several decades have many advantages over previous theories and methods. In spite of their introduction to the field, they have not been fully accepted by physical educators. Further, the manner in which many assessments are developed and used in physical education has limitations, including isolated test development, weak or poor psychometric quality control, lack of evaluation frameworks, and failure to measure change or growth. To eliminate these shortcomings and meet the needs of standard-based assessment, a major national effort was undertaken to develop an item or assessment bank, called "PE Metrics," for assessing the national content standards for physical education. After providing a brief introduction to the background of PE Metrics, this article will describe the nature of the testing theory, psychometric methods, and how they were used in the construction of PE Metrics. Constraints of developing such a system are acknowledged, and future directions in physical education assessments are outlined
Differential Item Functioning Analysis of Physical Activity Disparities in the U.S
No full text"Self-report physical activity (PA) questionnaires have been widely used by major national surveillance systems to assess and monitor the PA status of the U.S. population. The comparisons among subpopulations using these data indicate evident PA disparities. However, it is unknown if the items used in these questionnaires are biased against a subgroup in the population. It is also not clear to what degree the disparities in PA are affected by the biased items if there are any. In addition, the elimination of PA disparities should result in better health for subpopulations. An effective PA intervention program should identify and include subpopulation sensitive components such as the preferred PA. By applying differential item functioning (DIF) analysis, the purpose of this study was: (a) to determine if there are any DIF items in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) PA questionnaire; (b) to identify subpopulation preferred PA; and (c) to examine the impact of DIF items, if there are any, on current PA disparity conclusions. A sub-set of adult data from the ""NHANES 2003-2004"" data sets with an unweighted sample of 3,083 consisting of 1,511 males and 1,572 females was used for data analyses. DIF analyses were conducted using three DIF procedures: Mantel-Haenszel, SIBTEST and ANOVA. Eight general PA items related to respondents' occupational, transportation, domestic, leisure time, and strength related activities and sedentary activities at home, and 33 specific PA items related to moderate and vigorous PA reported during leisure time were analyzed for DIF. A ""Jackknife"" procedure was used to determine the impact of DIF items on the current PA disparities conclusions. The results showed there are many DIF items among both general and specific PA questions used in the NHANES PA questionnaire. A majority of general PA DIF items favored advantaged social groups (e.g., non-Hispanic White, male, high education or income group, and adults age 20 to 59 years old) while occupational and transportation-related PA items favored disadvantaged groups (e.g., Hispanics, low education group, and low income group). The reported PA participation among subpopulations were likely affected by these DIF items and the estimation of the population meeting PA recommendations using these items is likely inaccurate. DIF methods were able to identify subpopulation preferred PA, which provides information to allow a deeper understanding of a subgroup's PA pattern which in turn can help design targeted interventions. Thus PA researchers need to learn DIF and make DIF analysis a standard practice in PA survey construction. There is also a need for the development of DIF software that can specifically handle PA data."Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-28T15:04:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2008Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 87681
Lift date: Forever
Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsU of I Only202 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2008
An Empirical Investigation of Several Critical Psychometrical Issues in Neuropsychological Testing of Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries
No full textConcussions can cause very serious injuries and with repetitive injuries increase the likelihood of serious consequences. There is an increased awareness of concussions, which has evolved into developing better measurement tools to study the effects including neuropsychological components. Cognitive functions such as, memory, attention, concentration, and reaction time are now commonly assessed for dysfunction in sports related concussions. Although there have been many neuropsychological tests used to identify the effects of concussion, there are several major concerns of the methodological soundness and psychometric quality of commonly used practices. The purpose of this study was to examine the commonly used neuropsychological sports concussion practices used for validity, reliability, and other psychometric characteristics. A windows-based software program was created called Short-term Memory Assessment Recall Tool (SMART) for this study. Item Response Theory (IRT) was employed to address the issues with the common practices, specifically the one-parameter or Rasch model was used. The issues include design, construction, testing paradigm, administration, and scoring or identifying injuries. The results from the IRT calibrations show compliance of the test with the stated test construction and testing paradigm commonly used. There was, however, some administration problems identified relating to the random generated item selection of computerized concussion tests. When the randomness of the items and the difficulty level of the items were controlled for the reliability of SMART was good at R = 0.8. Another finding of the study was using the conditional standard errors from the IRT calibration reduced the range of the 90% confidence interval by over 50%. These issues must be addressed before larger issues of examining whether an individual-centered or criterion-referenced standard should be used. Further investigation into the development and construction of these tests are needed to address the alarming psychometric concerns. It is important for these tests to be constructed and evaluated with sound modern measurement theory. Currently, the commonly used practices are potentially riddled with significant issues and problems.Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-28T15:04:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2004Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 87654
Lift date: Forever
Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsU of I Only197 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2004
Calibration of an accelerometer to measure physical activity in preschool children: A feasibility study
Full text linkPhysical activity measurements are essential for the evaluation and prevention of childhood obesity. Although physical activity (PA) data are currently collected with accelerometry, using the existing accelerometers had limitation with cost efficiency issues. The Best Fit Friend (BFF), a new accelerometer PA monitor system, was develop to solve the cost issue; however, validity of BFF to measure the PA in preschool children is still not clear. The primary purpose of this thesis was to examine the feasibility of BFF accelerometer for measure 3 to 5 year-olds preschoolers’ PA measurement. Based on the parental response and participant’s feedback, research and device feasibility were estimated. The second purpose was to validate the BFF accelerometer though a comparison with ActiGraph. Pearson correlation showed a moderate-high and/or high correlation between BFF accelerometer and ActiGraph. The third purpose was to clarify the difference of attachment placement: wrist and waist. Wilcoxon signed ranks test was to examine the statistical difference between dominant hand and non-dominant hand (Z = 4.99, p < .000, d = -.481), whereas there was not statistical differ with left wrist and waist, back and waist (Z = -1.39, p < .165, d = .130; Z = -.529, p < .597, d = -.050). The fourth purpose was to calibrate the BFF accelerometer to establish cut-off points. ROC curve analysis was performed. The last purpose was to decide the best placement of BFF accelerometer for children’s PA measurement. Based on comparison between AUC and cut-off, waist and back placements was the best BFF location, and right wrist, waist, and back conduct the best cut-off points. Overall, the BFF is a valid device to measure PA in preschool children ranged from 3 to 5 years old.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I only', the embargo will last until 2017-08-01The student, Jong Cheol Shin, accepted the attached license on 2015-07-20 at 09:06.The student, Jong Cheol Shin, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2015-07-20 at 09:29.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2015-07-20 at 13:27.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #8553 on 2015-09-29 at 15:00:51Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-29T20:50:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2015-07-20Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 89498
Lift date: 2017-09-29T20:50:34Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 89498 on 2017-09-30T09:15:32Z
An Empirical Investigation of Characteristics of Children's Physical Activity Recall
No full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate several critical cognitive related factors that may influence the children's physical activity recall based on a cognitive process model. Sixty children from middle schools, ages 12 to 15 years old, were recruited from Korea and asked to recall their physical activities of previous days. Direct observation method, a criterion measure, was used to validate children's physical activity recall. Using a compendium of physical activity (Ainsworth et al., 2000), energy expenditures were calculated for both children's recall and observed records. To answer the research hypotheses, a 2 x 2 x 2 repeated measure ANOVA was performed. Between-subject factors were recall time periods, and question formats, and a within-subject factor was type of days on the two physical activity measures. The dependent variable was the accuracy of children's physical activity recall, square difference between the energy expenditures from children's recall and observed records. The relationships between the two measures were correlated using the Pearson correlation. In addition, Root Mean Square Difference (RMSD) and Mean Signed Difference (MSD) indexes and the Bland and Altman plots were calculated for determining the effectiveness of physical activity recall. The results showed that accuracy of children's physical activity recall was affected by two cognitive related factors, recall time periods and question formats. Considering the mean square difference scores, after 1-day recall was more accurate than after 3-day recall, and the recall using diary with retrieval cues had a higher accuracy than the recall using diary without retrieval cues. Additional findings support the results based on the conventional inferential statistics. Children's recall and observed records were highly correlated each other among the whole group and the subgroups. The smaller RMSD, a greater accuracy, was found in the after 1day group of the recall time periods factor, and in diary with retrieval cues group of the question formats factor. The Bland and Altman plot also showed that the difference scores were distributed nearly close-to-zero, suggesting little systematic bias in children's recall. Overall, children tended to slightly overestimate their physical activity participation.Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-28T15:04:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2004Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 87651
Lift date: Forever
Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsU of I Only135 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2004
Related Critical Psychometric Issues and Their Resolutions During Development of PE Metrics
No full textIn addition to validity and reliability evidence, other psychometric qualities of the PE Metrics assessments needed to be examined. This article describes how those critical psychometric issues were addressed during the PE Metrics assessment bank construction. Specifically, issues included (a) number of items or assessments needed, (b) training protocol for required intra- and inter-rater objectivity, and (c) the development of a score scale. First, using a subsample of data from the PE Metrics study, in which students were assessed using four assessments, the impact of the number of assessments was examined. It was found that at least two assessments are needed when applying PE Metrics for the purpose of high stakes testing. Single individual assessments can still be used in teaching practice, but the results must be interpreted with caution. Second, with the training protocol developed for PE Metrics, satisfactory intra-rater objectivity can be achieved. When two or more raters are involved in rating, however, an additional monitoring protocol should be employed so that inter-rater objectivity can be monitored and controlled. Third, to help allow for a consistent interpretation and reporting of PE Metrics results, a score scale was developed. Other related issues, such as test fairness and setting performance standards, were discussed, and future directions concerning PE Metrics maintenance and continuing development were outlined
Diagnosis of underlying physical fitness trait of adults’ selfreported physical function
Full text linkPhysical function decline is a common trajectory with aging. Physical function questionnaires have been widely used in occupational/physical therapy to assess adults’ physical function. However, most research only focuses on physical function itself. Rich patterns or profile information of the underlying physical fitness embedded in physical function questionnaires were overlooked. In addition, the associations between chronic diseases and physical fitness trait deficiencies are still less well known. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to apply a diagnostic model that can help diagnose adults’ underlying physical fitness traits based on their self-reported physical function.
This study invited three experts in the areas of physical function and physical fitness to develop a Q-matrix to be used in the diagnostic model development. Three diagnostic models were employed with the developed Q-matrix to an existing dataset (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS], N = 942, 51.17% women). The most appropriate diagnostic model was selected and participants’ physical fitness trait statuses were estimated. Descriptive analyses and multiple logistic regressions were conducted to identify associations between physical fitness trait deficiencies and age/chronic diseases. A secondary data source of physical function questionnaires and performance-based fitness tests from a Chinese Parkinson’s disease group (N = 45, 60% women) was used to cross-validate the diagnostic model.
The results showed that the prevalence of several physical fitness trait deficiencies gradually increased with aging, even after controlling for other demographic variables including sex, race, education level completed, marital status, family income, body weight status, and chronic diseases. The odds of all five physical fitness trait deficiencies were significantly higher in obese individuals than in normal weight individuals. This study found significant relationships between some chronic diseases and physical fitness trait deficiencies. The validation results confirmed that the diagnostic model selected by this study can be used to diagnose people with deficiencies in lower-body muscular strength, upper-body flexibility, aerobic endurance, balance, and fine motor skill. This study contributes to exercise intervention and program design by paying attention to stressing the importance of physical fitness diagnoses.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01The student, Yan Yang, accepted the attached license on 2018-03-12 at 13:54.The student, Yan Yang, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2018-03-12 at 14:05.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2018-03-13 at 14:39.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12064 on 2018-08-31 at 17:17:21Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:33:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2018-03-13Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107206
Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:34:13Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107206
Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:37:00Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107206
Lift date: 2020-09-04T20:42:08Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 107206 on 2020-09-05T09:15:26Z
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