1,723,186 research outputs found
Parasogata Zhou, Yang & Chen 2018
No full textGenus Parasogata Zhou, Yang & Chen, 2018 Parasogata Zhou, Yang & Chen, 2018: 74. Type species Parasogata binaria Zhou, Yang & Chen, 2018 (by original designation). Amended diagnosis Yellowish white to brown (Fig. 1A). Vertex, pronotum and mesonotum with uninterrupted white fascia. Vertex, frons, face, antennae yellowish brown to yellowish white. Pronotum and mesonotum yellowish white (Fig. 1 C–D). Forewings and hindwings hyaline with prominent veins (Fig. 1B). Legs yellowish white. Abdomen yellowish orange (Fig. 1B). Head including eyes narrower than pronotum (Fig. 1C). Vertex subquadrangular, weakly anteriorly projected; anterior margin arched, submedian carinae uniting at apex; Y-shaped carina feeble (Fig. 1C). Frons with lateral margins weakly diverging ventrad (widest near frontoclypeal suture); much longer in middle line than wide at widest part; median carina forked at fastigium (Fig. 1D). Antennae cylindrical, scape longer than wide, pedicle more than twice length of scape (Zhou et al. 2018: figs 13–16). Pronotum relatively broad, lateral carinae nearly attaining hind margin (Fig. 1C). Spinal formula of hind leg 5-7-4. Post-tibial spur with 29–32 fine teeth along hind margin. Pygofer in profile wider ventrally than dorsally, lateral quadrangular areas strongly sclerotized, medioventral process absent. Diaphragm well developed, dorsal margin broadly convex, armature very weak (Fig. 2 D–F). Aedeagus long, tubular, weakly upturned, with row of dorsal subapical processes (Fig. 2 B–C; Zhou et al. 2018: figs 26, 52). Parameres (= gonostyli) simple (basal and apical angles not developed), widely divergent apically (Fig. 2H; Zhou et al. 2018: figs 27–28, 53–54). Suspensorium elongate (Zhou et al. 2018: figs 29, 55). Segment 10 collar-shaped, lateroapical angles produced into 1–2 paired processes (widely separated at base in caudal view) (Fig. 2G; Zhou et al. 2018: figs 24–25, 51). Remarks This genus is readily recognized by its large size and vertex, pronotum and mesonotum bearing an uninterrupted white fascia. The genus was compared with four similar genera by Zhou et al. (2018) and considered most similar to Sogata Distant, 1906 but distinguished by the phallus being up-curved, bearing a dorsal row of subapical processes. Key to the species of Parasogata Zhou, Yang & Chen, 2018 based on males (modified from Zhou et al. 2018) 1. Pronotum yellow (except median vitta); segment 10 bearing one pair of processes (Zhou et al. 2018: figs 50–51)................................................................................................. P. furca Zhou et al., 2018 – Pronotum brown (except median vitta); segment 10 bearing two pairs of processes...................... 2 2. Aedeagus with 10 subapical dorsal processes; segment 10 with two pairs of processes, ventral one about 2× as long as dorsal one (Zhou et al. 2018, figs 24–25).............. P. binaria Zhou et al., 2018 – Aedeagus with 6 subapical dorsal processes; segment 10 with two pair of processes, ventral one about 4× as long as dorsal one (Fig. 2 A–C, G)................................................. P. sexpartita sp. nov.Published as part of Bartlett, Charles & Meshram, Naresh M., 2020, Two new species of planthoppers from India (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Delphacidae) in the genera Parasogata and Eoeurysa, pp. 93-108 in European Journal of Taxonomy 724 on page 95, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.724.1161, http://zenodo.org/record/429805
Replication Data for: Self-efficacy and Citizen Engagement in Development: Experimental Evidence from Tanzania
No full textRecent studies of efforts to increase citizen engagement in local governance through information campaigns have reported mixed results. We consider whether low levels of self-efficacy beliefs might be limiting engagement, especially among poor citizens in poor countries. Citizens may be caught in an ``efficacy trap'' which limits their realization of better public goods provision. We describe results from a series of experimental studies conducted with over 2,200 citizens in rural Tanzania, in which we compare the effects of standard information campaigns with Validated Participation (VP), an intervention designed to socially validate citizens' participation. We implement a staged approach to experimental research, seeking to balance ethical and cost concerns about field experimentation. In our main analyses, however, we find that VP did not lead to increased levels of self-efficacy or more active citizen behaviors relative to standard informational treatments. Nonetheless, we find some promising evidence for VP in a follow-up qualitative study with teachers. We conclude by discussing lessons from this research and directions for future investigation of the possible role of self-efficacy traps in development
Replication Data for: Reexamining the Effect of Refugees on Civil Conflict: A Global Subnational Analysis
No full textA large literature suggests that the presence of refugees is associated with greater risk of conflict. We argue that the positive effects of hosting refugees on local conditions have been overlooked. Using global data from 1990 to 2018 on locations of refugee communities and civil conflict at the subnational level, we find no evidence that hosting refugees increases the likelihood of new conflict, prolongs existing conflict, or raises the number of violent events or casualties. Furthermore, we explore conditions where provinces are likely to experience substantively large decreases in conflict risk due to increased development. Analysis examining nighttime lights as a measure of development, coupled with expert interviews, support our claim. To address the possibility of selection bias, we use placebo tests and matching. Our research challenges assertions that refugees are security risks. Instead, we show that in many cases, hosting refugees can encourage local development and even conflict reduction
Replication Data for: Prolonged Contact Does Not Reshape Locals' Attitudes toward Migrants in Wartime Settings
No full textDespite record numbers of internally displaced persons (IDPs) globally, we know little about the causal effects of intergroup contact between migrants and locals in active conflict settings. We conduct a randomized controlled trial of a vocational skills-training program conducted by Mercy Corps that enrolled 2,597 locals and migrants in near equal numbers in Kandahar, Afghanistan, where IDPs face daily prejudice and discrimination. Courses lasting up to six months emphasized collaborative learning and soft skills development. We surveyed participants at endline and followed up eight months later. While the program provided the most sustained duration of intergroup contact (360-720 hours) experimentally evaluated to date, we find no evidence of reported behavioral or attitudinal change by locals (N=1,276) toward migrants generally, regardless of classroom demographics or course duration. Our findings suggest that prolonged contact through vocational training programs is insufficient to improve relations in conflict settings
Exploring Machine Learning Methods for Author Identification on Micro-Messages
No full textAuthor Identification, also known as Authorship Attribution, is the task of identifying an author of unknown text based on the writing style captured within a dataset of writing samples. Author Identification is used in a wide variety of fields including marketing, forensic linguistics, and influence tracing. The writing samples can be found in different forms based on their audience, length, and platform. The common forms of writing samples include books, articles, emails, and messages. With the increasing use of social media, millions of micro-messages, which are short messages with a length constraint, are exchanged daily. Although micro-messages are a powerful and efficient way to communicate among individuals, their anonymity and short-length characteristics give rise to a real challenge for Author Identification. As the majority of Author Identification research is focused on finding authors of long texts, the development of social media platforms, and the emergence of social media as a primary mode of communication has increased the interest in Author Identification of micro-messages. The increase in micro-message has attracted increasing attention in many fields such as social media forensics. The task of identifying authors of micro-messages has been shown to be more difficult than Author Identification using long texts. In this work, we systematically design a set of neural network approaches to tackle this problem. Novel evolutionary algorithms and neural network architectures are developed and thoroughly tested to validate their effectiveness in unique environments. Empirically, our proposed method successfully outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in identifying the authors of micro-messages
Replication Data for: Team and Nation: Sports, Nationalism, and Attitudes toward Refugees
No full textHow do major national events influence attitudes toward non-nationals? Recent research suggests that national sports team wins help foster national pride, weaken ethnic attachments, and build trust among conational out-group members. This paper asks a related question: By heightening nationalism, do these victories also affect attitudes towards foreign out-groups, specifically refugees? We examine this question using the 2019 Africa Cup football match between Kenya and Tanzania, which Kenya narrowly won, coupled with an online survey experiment conducted with a panel of 2,647 respondents recruited through Facebook. We find that winning increases national pride and preferences for resource allocation toward conationals, but it also leads to negative views of refugees’ contribution to the country’s diversity. However, we present experimental evidence that reframing national sports victories as a product of cooperation among diverse players and highlighting shared superordinate identities can offset these views and help foster positive attitudes toward refugees
Orthotrichia cuspidigera Zhou & Yang, sp. nov.
No full textOrthotrichia cuspidigera Zhou & Yang, sp. nov. Figs 33–37 Material. Holotype ɗ, Jiangxi Province, Jiu Lian Shan National Nature Reserve, Da-Qiu-Tian, 8.2 KM northwest of Da-Qiu-Tian (114 ° 25 ' 50 "E, 24 ° 34 ' 15 "N), elev. 425 m, 2005 -vi- 10, Coll. Zhou Xin. Etymology. The Latin word " cuspidigera " means "with acute apex", in reference to the acute apex of tergum X. Description. Male. Distal ends of antennae broken, only 20 segments remaining. Anterior wing length 2.0 mm. Ventral process of segment VI short spine in lateral view (as in Fig. 22). Ventral process of segment VII absent. Male genitalia (Figs 33–37). Tergum IX very short, with its anterior margin sinuous, asymmetrically incised (Fig. 35), pleural regions nearly triangular with anterior margins inclined 30 º– 40 º (Figs 33, 34), venter IX broadly oval (Fig. 36); posterolateral processes (p.l. pr.) of segment IX located dorsally, asymmetrical, left process stout, gradually narrowed to downcurved apex (Fig. 33), right one directed backward with apex slightly twist and tilted upward (Fig. 34). Tergum X (X) fused with tergum IX, in dorsal view (Fig. 35) positioned in right half of tergum IX, narrow triangular, with acute apex turned caudodorsad and toward left; dorsal spine of X arising on left basal corner, hook-like with apex directed caudoventrad and toward right. Inferior appendages (inf. app.) long and slender, asymmetrical, with fine, sparse setae on dorsal margins (Figs 33, 34), in ventral view (Fig. 36) each appendage broad at base and fused in semicircular plate, right appendage deeply divided into 2 branches, inner branch slender and shorter than outer one and with distal half narrowed to acute apex and curved mesad, length and shape of outer branch identical with left appendage apically, long cylindrical, each bearing apical seta; left appendage with rounded basomesal shoulder. Bilobed process (bil. pr.) short, digitate, hidden above bases of inferior appendages, each branch bearing distal seta. Pair of long, tube-like processes (t. pr.) further above bases of inferior appendages, arranged in U shape in ventral view. Paramere spine long, slightly shorter than genitalia. Phallus (Fig. 37) slender, basal portion about 1.6 times as long as distal portion, with its apex slightly enlarged, titillator circling segment once. Diagnosis. This species is not assignable to any group. It is somewhat similar to Or. tyro Malicky & Chantaramongkol, 2007, from Thailand, in the general shape of segment IX and the inferior appendages composed of three branches, but it differs in that 1) the dorsal spine of tergum X is a strong hook with an acute apex (it is a short, stout process with a blunt, notched apex in Or. tyro) and 2) the inner branch of the right inferior appendage is slender, about 3 / 4 ths as long as the outer branch (it is only a short spine in Or. tyro). Distribution. Type locality only. 1. Orthotrichia tragetti Mosely, 1930 China (Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu); Palearctic 2. Orthotrichia wellsae Xue & Yang, 1990 China (Guangxi) Or. angustella Group 3. Orthotrichia bencana Oláh 1989 China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi); Vietnam 4. Orthotrichia bucera Yang & Xue, 1992 China (Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Yunnan) 5. Orthotrichia apophysis Zhou & Yang, sp. nov. China (Guangxi, Jiangxi) 6. Orthotrichia udawarama (Schmid, 1958) China (Hainan, Yunnan); Sri Lanka Or. costalis Group 7. Orthotrichia cornuta Zhou & Yang, sp. nov. China (Sichuan) 8. Orthotrichia costalis (Curtis, 1834) China (Guangxi, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong); Palearctic 9. Orthotrichia latiramifera Zhou & Yang, sp. nov. China (Jiangxi) 10. Orthotrichia terpsichore Malicky & China (Jiangxi); Thailand Chantaramongkol, 2007, n. rec. Incertae sedis 11. Orthotrichia discedata Zhou & Morse, sp. nov. China (Fujian) 12. Orthotrichia cuspidigera Zhou & Yang, sp. nov. China (Jiangxi) 13. Orthotrichia obtecta Wells & Dudgeon, 1990 China (Hong Kong) 14. Orthotrichia subrhomba Zhou & Morse, sp. nov. China (Fujian)Published as part of Lei, Zhou, Lian-Fang, Yang & Morse, John C., 2010, Six new species and 1 new species record of Orthotrichia (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae) from China, pp. 29-41 in Zootaxa 2560 on pages 38-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19711
Economic Forecasting Using Forecast Combination
Get PDFThis research was supported by the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP).Zhou, Yang. (2015). Economic Forecasting Using Forecast Combination. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/171917
Replication Data for: Inclusive Refugee-Hosting Can Improve Local Development and Prevent Public Backlash
No full textLarge arrivals of refugees raise concerns about potential tensions with host communities, particularly if refugees are viewed as an out-group competing for limited material resources and crowding out public services. To address these concerns, calls have increased to allocate humanitarian aid in ways that also benefit host communities. This study tests whether the increased presence of refugees, when coupled with humanitarian aid, improves public service delivery for host communities and dampens potential social conflict. We study this question in Uganda, one of the largest and most inclusive refugee-hosting countries. The data combines geospatial information on refugee settlements with original longitudinal data on primary and secondary schools, road density, health clinics, and health utilization. We report two key findings. First, even after the 2014 arrival of over 1 million South Sudanese refugees, host communities with greater refugee presence experienced substantial improvements in local development. Second, using public opinion data, we find no evidence that refugee presence has been associated with more negative (or positive) attitudes towards migrants or migration policy
Replication Data for: Can Economic Assistance Shape Combatant Support in Wartime? Experimental Evidence from Afghanistan
No full textGovernments, militaries, and aid organizations all rely on economic interventions to shape civilian attitudes toward combatants during wartime. We have, however, little individual-level evidence that these ``hearts and minds'' programs actually influence combatant support. We address this problem by conducting a factorial randomized control trial of two common interventions -- vocational training and cash transfers -- on combatant support among 2,597 at-risk youth in Kandahar, Afghanistan. We find that training only improved economic livelihoods modestly and had little effect on combatant support. Cash failed to lift incomes, producing a boom-and-bust dynamic in which pro-government sentiment initially spiked and then quickly reversed itself, leaving a residue of increased Taliban support. Conditional on training, cash failed to improve beneficiaries' livelihoods but did increase support for the Afghan government for at least eight months after the intervention. These findings suggest that aid affects attitudes by providing information about government resolve and competence rather than by improving economic livelihoods
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