8 research outputs found
FIGURE 1 in Schizostachyum longinternodium (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species from Yunnan, China
No full textFIGURE 1. Schizostachyum longinternodium sp. nov. (drawn by Dinghan Cui and Chaohan Zheng based on the type specimen Chaohan Zheng 024, IBSC.) A. leafy and flowering branches. B. culm leaf sheath on part of culm. C. part of the culm. D. branch complement of subequal branches. E. two pseudospikelets. F. two prophylls. G. lemma (right) and palea with rachilla prolongation (left). H. rachilla internode. I. stamens. J. pistil. K. pubescence on abaxial surface of foliage leaf.Published as part of Zheng, Chaohan, Lin, Rushun, Ni, Jingbo & Xia, Nianhe, 2014, Schizostachyum longinternodium (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species from Yunnan, China, pp. 155-159 in Phytotaxa 184 (3) on page 156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.184.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/514666
FIGURE 2 in Schizostachyum longinternodium (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species from Yunnan, China
No full textFIGURE 2. Schizostachyum longinternodium sp. nov.(Guangzhou, Apr. 2010. Photo by Chaohan Zheng) A. sheath on part of culm. B. flowering branches. C. pseudospikelet. D. stamens and ovary. E. prophyll.Published as part of Zheng, Chaohan, Lin, Rushun, Ni, Jingbo & Xia, Nianhe, 2014, Schizostachyum longinternodium (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species from Yunnan, China, pp. 155-159 in Phytotaxa 184 (3) on page 157, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.184.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/514666
Ampelocalamus stoloniformis, a new combination for Chinese Bambusoideae (Poaceae)
No full textZheng, Chaohan, Xia, Nianhe, Deng, Yunfei (2013): Ampelocalamus stoloniformis, a new combination for Chinese Bambusoideae (Poaceae). Phytotaxa 135 (1): 62-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.135.1.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.135.1.
Schizostachyum longinternodium Zheng & Lin & Ni & Xia 2014
No full textKey to the Schizostachyum longinternodium and similar species 1 Culms not rigidly erect or suberect, apically long pendulous or clambering............................. S. pseudolima McClure (1940: 537) - Culms self-supporting, apically suberect or some culms slightly drooping at the apex.................................................................... 2 2 Culm sheath>1/3 length of internode, without protuberances on its shoulders; pairs of stamen filaments basally connate........................................................................................................................ S. funghomii McClure (1935: 585) - Culm sheath ≤1/3 length of internode, with protuberances on its shoulders; all stamen filaments connate.......... S. longinterodiumPublished as part of Zheng, Chaohan, Lin, Rushun, Ni, Jingbo & Xia, Nianhe, 2014, Schizostachyum longinternodium (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species from Yunnan, China, pp. 155-159 in Phytotaxa 184 (3) on page 159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.184.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/514666
Schizostachyum longinternodium N. H. Xia, R. S. Lin & C. H. Zheng 2014, sp. nov.
No full textSchizostachyum longinternodium N. H. Xia, R. S. Lin & C. H. Zheng sp. nov. (Figs 1 & 2) Type:— CHINA. Guangdong: South China Botanical Garden (cultivated, introduced from 21°56´N; 101°14´E, Menglun, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan), 5 May 2010, Zheng Chaohan 024 (holotype IBSC!, isotype KUN!). Diagnosis: — Schizostachyum longinternodium sp. nov. is similar to S. funghomii McClure, but differs by its slightly drooping apex, shorter culm sheaths (less than 1/3 of the internodes) with protuberances on culm sheaths shoulders, persistent oral setae on the leaf sheaths, a solitary floret in every spikelet, and connate filaments. (Table 1) Rhizomes pachymorph. Culm erect, 8–12 m tall, 3–6 cm diam., apically slightly drooping. Internodes 56–86 cm long, terete, scabrous, siliceous, white powdery below nodes, white strigose; walls ca. 2 mm thick. Nodal ridge not prominent, sheath scars prominent. Branching from the 6th–9th node upwards; branches many, subequal, 45–90 cm long. Culm sheaths tardily deciduous, thickly papery, brittle, lower ones less than 1/3 the length of internodes, ribbedstriate when dry, siliceous, white strigose, with protuberances on its shoulders, the margin with cilia 1 mm long, the apex truncate; auricles inconspicuous, the oral setae numerous, 3–8 mm long, hispidulous at base; ligule truncate or not, 1 mm tall, the margin lobed; blade reflexed, linear-lanceolate, less than 1/3 the length of the sheath at lower nodes, abaxially glabrous, adaxially densely hispid, the apex acuminate. Leaves 5–9 per ultimate branch; sheath up to 12 cm long, initially hispid, usually siliceous, margin ciliate; auricles inconspicuous, oral setae numerous, 3–5 mm; ligule ca. 1 mm, margin lobed; petiole 4–6 mm long; blades oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 26–42 cm long, 4–6.5 cm wide, margin on both sides denticulate, adaxially glabrous, abaxially densely pubescent, base rounded, apex acuminate. Inflorescence branches ca. 30 cm long, clustered at nodes of culms and branches, occasionally terminal to leafy branches. Pseudospikelets fusiform, green infused with purple, the prophylls lanceolate, asymmetrical, ca. 5 mm long, papery, apex acuminate, keels 2, ciliate, converging at the tip; bracts 1 to several, oblong, 1–1.3 cm long, papery, many-veined, the apex obtuse to acute and mucronate, the mucro less than 1 mm long; floret solitary, 3 cm long; rachilla disarticulating, internode ca. 3 mm long; terminal rachilla prolongation 1.5–1.8 cm long, slender, embedded in the groove between the 2 keels of the palea; the glumes absent; the lemma oblong-lanceolate, papery, 1.5 cm long, densely white hispidulous, many-veined, apex acute and mucronate, the mucro ca. 1 mm long; palea 2.5–3 cm long, papery, nearly glabrous, apically bifid; lodicules absent; filaments ca. 1.8 cm long, connate and tubular; anthers 6, purple, ca. 1.1 cm long; ovary narrowly ovoid, glabrous, not distinctly separated from the style; style pale-yellow; stigmas 3, purple, plumose. Caryopsis fusiform, ca. 2 cm long. Distribution, habitat and phenology: — Schizostachyum longinternodium is distributed in south and southeast Yunnan, China. It grows in forest, in gullies or along rivers, 550–600 m elevation.A plant was introduced to Guangzhou and flowered from March to October, 2010, and the whole clump died. In the following year, the seeds germinated and the seedlings developed the same characters as the parent. Local use: —It is suitable for weaving utensils because of its long internodes. Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the long internodes.Published as part of Zheng, Chaohan, Lin, Rushun, Ni, Jingbo & Xia, Nianhe, 2014, Schizostachyum longinternodium (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new species from Yunnan, China, pp. 155-159 in Phytotaxa 184 (3) on page 158, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.184.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/514666
Ampelocalamus stoloniformis C. H. Zheng, N. H. Xia & Y. F. Deng, comb. nov.
No full text<i>Ampelocalamus stoloniformis</i> (S. H. Chen & Zhen Z. Wang) C. H. Zheng, N. H. Xia & Y.F. Deng, <i>comb. nov.</i> <p> Basionym: <i>Drepanostachyum stoloniforme</i> Chen & Wang (2007: 308).</p> <p> <i>Drepanostachyum microphyllum</i> Chen & Wang (2004: 11), non <i>Drepanostachyum microphyllum</i> (Hsueh & Yi 1982: 71) Keng f. ex Yi (1993: 46).</p> <p> <b>Type:</b> — CHINA. Fujian: Xianmen, cultivated in Xiamen Botanical Garden, introduced from Guizhou, 110–200 m, 18 February 2004, <i>S. H</i> <i>.</i> <i>Chen 2004 -002</i> (holotype PE!, isotype IBSC!, XMBG!).</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>:—The species was introduced to Xiamen Botanical Garden from Guizhou Province in 1970s, but the exact locality is unknown.</p> <p> <b>Conservation status</b>:—This species is so far only known from cultivated plants in Xiamen Botanical Garden. Because no data are available on its distribution in the wild, <i>Ampelocalamus stoloniformis</i> is provisionally considered to be Data Deficient (DD) according to the IUCN (2001) Red List criteria and categories.</p> <p> <b>Notes</b>:— <i>Ampelocalamus stoloniformis</i> is similar to <i>A. microphyllus</i>, but differs in its culms 3–6 mm (not 5–15 mm) in diameter, internodes (5–) 13–18 cm (not 15–35 cm) long, ligule of the culm sheath ca. 0.5 mm (not ca. 1 mm) long, ligule of the leaf ca. 3 mm (not ca. 1 mm) long, and leaf blades 2–6 × 0.3–0.6 cm (not 3– 9 × 0.4–1.0 cm) (Hsueh & Yi 1982, Chen & Wang 2004, 2007, Li & Stapleton 2006).</p>Published as part of <i>Zheng, Chaohan, Xia, Nianhe & Deng, Yunfei, 2013, Ampelocalamus stoloniformis, a new combination for Chinese Bambusoideae (Poaceae), pp. 62-63 in Phytotaxa 135 (1)</i> on pages 62-63, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.135.1.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5086183">http://zenodo.org/record/5086183</a>
The Effect of Trichoderma harzianum Hypovirus 1 (ThHV1) and Its Defective RNA ThHV1-S on the Antifungal Activity and Metabolome of Trichoderma koningiopsis T-51
No full textMycoviruses widely exist in filamentous fungi and sometimes cause phenotypic changes in hosts. Trichoderma harzianum hypovirus 1 (ThHV1) and its defective RNA ThHV1-S were found in T. harzianum and exhibited high transmissibility. In our previous study, ThHV1 and ThHV1-S were transferred to an excellent biological control agent T. koningiopsis T-51 to form a derivative strain 51-13. In this study, we assessed the metabolic changes in strain 51-13 and antifungal activity of its culture filtrate (CF) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The antifungal activity of CF and VOCs of T-51 and 51-13 was different. Compared with the CF of T-51, that of 51-13 exhibited high inhibitory activity against B. cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum but low inhibitory activity against Leptosphaeria biglobosa and Villosiclava virens. The VOCs of 51-13 exhibited high inhibitory activity against F. oxysporum but low inhibitory activity against B. cinerea. The transcriptomes of T-51 and 51-13 were compared; 5531 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in 51-13 with 2904 up- and 2627 downregulated genes. In KEGG enrichment analysis, 1127 DEGs related to metabolic pathways (57.53%) and 396 DEGs related to biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (20.21%) were clearly enriched. From the CF of T-51 and 51-13, 134 differential secondary metabolites (DSMs) were detected between T-51 and 51-13 with 39 up- and 95 downregulated metabolites. From these, 13 upregulated metabolites were selected to test their antifungal activity against B. cinerea. Among them, indole-3-lactic acid and p-coumaric acid methyl ester (MeCA) exhibited strong antifungal activity. The IC50 of MeCA was 657.35 μM and four genes possibly related to the synthesis of MeCA exhibited higher expression in 51-13 than in T-51. This study revealed the mechanism underlying the increase in antifungal activity of T-51 because of the mycovirus and provided novel insights in fungal engineering to obtain bioactive metabolites via mycoviruses
