30,054 research outputs found
Rates of Return to University Education: the Regression Discontinuity Design
Full text linkEstimating the rate of return to a university degree has always been difficult due to the problem of omitted variable biases. Benefiting from a special feature of the University Admission system in China, which has clear cutoffs for university entry, combined with a unique data set with information on individual National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) scores, we estimate the Local Average Treatment Effects (LATE) of university education based on a Regression Discontinuity design. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use RD design to estimate the causal effect of a university education on earnings. Our results show that the rates of return to 4-year university education relative to 3-year college education are 40 and 60 per cent for the compliers in the male and female samples, respectively, which are much larger than the simple OLS estimations revealed in previous literature. Since in our sample a large proportion of individuals are compliers (45 per cent for males and 48 per cent for females), the LATEs estimated in this paper have a relatively general implication. In addition, we find that the LATEs are likely to be larger than ATEs, suggesting that the inference drawn from average treatment effects might understate the true effects of the university expansion program introduced in China in 1999 and thereafter.Rate of return to education, Regression Discontinuity Design, China
Rates of Return to University Education: The Regression Discontinuity Design
Full text linkEstimating the rate of return to a university degree has always been difficult due to the problem of omitted variable biases. Benefiting from a special feature of the University Admission system in China, which has clear cutoffs for university entry, combined with a unique data set with information on individual National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) scores, we estimate the Local Average Treatment Effects (LATE) of university education based on a Regression Discontinuity design. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use RD design to estimate the causal effect of a university education on earnings. Our results show that the rates of return to 4-year university education relative to 3-year college education are 40 and 60 per cent for the compliers in the male and female samples, respectively, which are much larger than the simple OLS estimations revealed in previous literature. Since in our sample a large proportion of individuals are compliers (45 per cent for males and 48 per cent for females), the LATEs estimated in this paper have a relatively general implication. In addition, we find that the LATEs are likely to be larger than ATEs, suggesting that the inference drawn from average treatment effects might understate the true effects of the university expansion program introduced in China in 1999 and thereafter.rate of return to education, regression discontinuity design, China
Ascopolyporus tibetensis F. M. Yu, Q. Zhao & T. Luangharn
No full text<i>Ascopolyporus tibetensis</i> F.M. Yu, Q. Zhao & T. Luangharn <p> <b>Host:</b> On the living stem of bamboo</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> China (Tibet)</p>Published as part of <i>Yu, Feng-Ming, Wei, De-Ping, Zhao, Qi, Tang, Song-Ming & Luangharn, Thatsanee, 2023, Ascopolyporus tibetensis (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales): a new species from Tibet, China, pp. 88-98 in Phytotaxa 592 (2)</i> on page 95, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.592.2.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7840405">http://zenodo.org/record/7840405</a>
Liangcoris Zhao, Cai & Ren
No full textLiangcoris Zhao, Cai & Ren, gen. nov. Type species. Liangcoris yangae Zhao, Cai & Ren, sp. nov. Diagnosis. Medium sized, oblong, smooth, shiny. Head (including neck) distinctly shorter than pronotum (Fig. 1); eyes large, protruding laterally; ocelli widely separated; anteocular portion slightly shorter than postocular portion (including neck); first antennal segment nearly as long as head (Fig. 1); rostrum robust and recurved, second segment nearly as long as first, apical segment shortest. Pronotum with anterior lobe longer than half of posterior; anterior pronotal lobe developed, longitudinal median depression short, neither reaching collar anteriorly nor transverse constriction of pronotum posteriorly (Fig. 1); posterior pronotal lobe with disk distinctly depressed, longitudinal depression, which not reaching posterior margin of pronotum (Fig. 1); lateral pronotal angles rounded, posterior margin of pronotum slightly convex, posterior angles rounded; mesopleuron without a tubercular process near border of anterior margin; scutellum nearly triangular and unarmed; femora incrassate and subapical portion constricted, fore femora thickest. Abdomen slightly dilated laterally. Distribution. China. Etymology. The new generic name refers to the shiny surface of the new species. “Liang” in Chinese means bright and shiny, and “coris” in Greek means bug. Masculine. Remarks. The body of the new genus is smooth and shiny, which is distinctly different from that of all morphologically similar genera. The general body plan and the middle longitudinal sulcus on the anterior pronotal lobe resemble those of the genus Rhynocoris, but in the new genus the first antennal segment is subequal to the head and the femora are moderately thickened (vs. in Rhynocoris, where the first antennal segment is longer than head, mid and hind femora are not distinctly incrassate). The new genus is allied to Coranus in first antennal segment subequal in length to head, but mesopleuron lacks a tubercle near border of anterior margin, the scutellum is unarmed, and legs are unnodulose in new genus (vs. the mesopleuron has a tubercle near border of anterior margin, the scutellum is armed, and legs are nodulose in Coranus). The new genus is similar to Stalireduvius: the first antennal segment is subequal in length to the head and the mesopleuron lacks a tubercle near border of anterior margin; but the new genus can be separated from the latter in legs are unnodulose (vs. the legs nodulose in Stalireduvius). These four genera can be distinguished with the following key.Published as part of Zhao, Ping, Cai, Wanzhi & Ren, Dong, 2007, Liangcoris, a new genus of Harpactorinae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) from China, pp. 63-68 in Zootaxa 1405 on pages 63-64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17548
Hsiaotycoris Lu, Zhao & Cai
No full textHsiaotycoris Lü, Zhao & Cai, gen. nov. Type species. Hsiaotycoris tuberculatus Lü, Zhao & Cai, sp. n. Diagnosis. Medium sized. Head cylindrical with some tuberculate processes, subequal to or slightly longer than pronotum (Figs. 1, 5); first antennal segment with some distinct tuberculate processes (Figs. 2, 6), slightly longer than second segment, second segment subequal to third segment in length, fourth segment shortest; anterior portion of postclypeus prominently produced anteriorly, upper margin nearly straight (Figs. 12, 17); eyes of medium size, protruding laterally; ocelli small, widely separated; anteocular portion of head distinctly shorter than postocular, latter constricted behind eyes and subbasally; first rostral segment extending beyond anterior margin of eyes, second segment longest, longer than first and third segments combined, third segment shortest (Figs. 12, 17). Collar undeveloped; pronotum wider than long; transverse constriction situated behind middle in subapterous form (Figs. 1, 12) and before middle in macropterous form (Figs. 5, 17); anterior pronotal lobe scattered with some tubercles, lateral sides of low longitudinal median depression with symmetric smooth sculptures; lateral pronotal angles tuberculate, posterior margin nearly straight (Fig. 1, 5); scutellum unarmed; legs with some scattered tubercles and spines; fore leg moderately incrassate, with more tubercles and spines than mid and hind legs, inner surface of fore femur and fore tibia with two series of strong spines (Figs. 13, 19). Abdomen dilated laterally in subapterous form (Fig. 1) and nearly parallel laterally in macropterous form (Fig. 5). Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. This genus is named in honor of the late Prof. T. Y. Hsiao for his great contribution to the study of Heteroptera. Masculine. Remarks. The general body plan of the female of the new genus is similar to that of Asiacoris Tomokuni & Cai, but the anterior portion of the postclypeus of the latter is distinctly bent upwards, and the ventral surfaces of the fore femur and fore tibia lack strong spines. The new genus is also allied to Tapirocoris Miller, Yangicoris Cai, Henricohahnia Breddin, Karenocoris Miller, and Malaiseana Miller. These genera can be distinguished with the following key.Published as part of Lü, Zhaozhi, Zhao, Ping & Cai, Wanzhi, 2006, Hsiaotycoris tuberculatus, a new genus and species of Harpactorinae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) from China, pp. 33-41 in Zootaxa 1286 on page 34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17350
The politics of fashion: perceptions of power in female clothing and ornamentation as reflected in the sixteenth-century Chinese novel Jin Ping Mei
Full text linkThis thesis examines issues of female power and influence in sixteenth-century China focusing on how women and their roles were perceived in the changing social environment of the mid-late Ming dynasty. Using aspects of a New Historicist approach, information from contemporary literary and historical sources are analysed alongside each other. With its emphasis on the lives of women and preoccupation with the description of material objects, the late Ming novel Jin Ping Mei forms an important element in the thesis. China in the sixteenth century saw expanding urbanisation, the emergence of a new wealthy merchant class, increasing visibility of women and a questioning of traditional morality. Fashion consciousness, as one of the most conspicuous aspects of the new material culture, is a possible indicator of these trends. Traditional Western theories contend that fashion began in the particular context of Renaissance Europe. However, this study argues that a similar fashion awareness existed in China too, and was manifested in a competitive striving for social status, in this case specifically among women. In contrast to previous studies which downplayed the impact women had on defining traditional Chinese culture, this thesis demonstrates how women and their sartorial choices began to redefine the boundaries of material culture, influencing literati discourse which, in turn, re- influenced female behaviour
Rhachicephala Truong, Zhao & Cai
No full text3. Rhachicephala Truong, Zhao & Cai, gen. nov. (Figs. 25–39) Type species. Rhachicephala dilatibia Truong, Zhao & Cai, sp. nov. Diagnostic characters. Head oval, distinctly deflected downwards in front of eyes and narrowed behind eyes, with two erect long spines behind bases of antenniferous tubercles (Figs. 25, 26); first antennal segment much longer than head, second segment longest, third and fourth segments thin and short; first rostral segment subequal in length to second segment; eyes large and protruded laterally. Pronotum transversely constricted before middle; lateral pronotal angles spinously produced; prosternum anteriorly armed with two strong spines; apex of scutellum spinously produced, postscutellum with a short spine (Fig. 26). Legs moderately long; fore femur much longer than fore tibia; basal two-fifths of fore tibia dilated outwards and compressed (Figs. 25, 27– 29); mid and hind femora beneath with a short spine subapically; posterior angle of each connexival segment spinously produced. Etymology. The new generic name, Rhachicephala, alludes to two erect long spines behind the bases of the antenniferous tubercles. The words rhachi and cephala mean spine and head, respectively, in Greek. Feminine. Remarks. The new genus is similar to Petalocheirus in the anterior angles of prosternum, the collar and posterior pronotal lateral angles spinously produced, fore tibia shorter than fore femur and the head deflected in front of eyes; but in the new genus the two long spines are inserted behind the bases of the antenniferous tubercles, the basal two-fifths of the fore tibia is dilated outwards (vs. head without spine behind base of antennal tubercle and fore tibia dilated its entire length in Petalocheirus). The general body plan of the new genus resembles that of Valentia Stål, but in the new genus the postscutellum has a short spine (vs. the postscutellum without spines, and the head without spine behind base of antennal tubercle also in genus Va l e n t i a). The new genus can be distinguished from the other Vietnamese genera of the reduviid subfamily Salyavatinae with the above key.Published as part of Truong, Xuan Lam, Zhao, Ping & Cai, Wan Zhi, 2007, Notes on the subfamily Salyavatinae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) from Vietnam, with the description of a new genus, pp. 1-20 in Zootaxa 1615 on page 9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17907
Skyrmion-skyrmion and skyrmion-edge repulsions in skyrmion-based racetrack memory
No full textMagnetic skyrmions are promising for building next-generation magnetic memories and spintronic devices due to their stability, small size and the extremely low currents needed to move them. In particular, skyrmion-based racetrack memory is attractive for information technology, where skyrmions are used to store information as data bits instead of traditional domain walls. Here we numerically demonstrate the impacts of skyrmion-skyrmion and skyrmion-edge repulsions on the feasibility of skyrmion-based racetrack memory. The reliable and practicable spacing between consecutive skyrmionic bits on the racetrack as well as the ability to adjust it are investigated. Clogging of skyrmionic bits is found at the end of the racetrack, leading to the reduction of skyrmion size. Further, we demonstrate an effective and simple method to avoid the clogging of skyrmionic bits, which ensures the elimination of skyrmionic bits beyond the reading element. Our results give guidance for the design and development of future skyrmion-based racetrack memory
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