668 research outputs found
Neural network based method for solving SMT problems
No full textSubmission original under an indefinite embargo labeled 'Open Access'. The submission was exported from vireo on 2025-10-19 without embargo termsThe student, Keyu Lu, accepted the attached license on 2025-05-01 at 20:25.The student, Keyu Lu, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2025-05-01 at 20:39.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2025-05-05 at 12:28.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #22166 on 2025-10-19 at 18:11:31Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) over nonlinear real arithmetic (NRA) represents a fundamental yet notoriously difficult problem class in formal verification and symbolic reasoning. Traditional SMT solvers struggle with the scalability and decidability of QF_NRA problems due to their intrinsic nonlinearity. In this work, we propose a novel reduction-based framework that translates SMT problems defined in the SMT-LIB2 format into equivalent neural network verification problems specified in the VNN-LIB format. By constructing tailored neural networks that capture the semantics of the original constraints, we leverage powerful neural network verifiers—specifically, the α,β-CROWN solver—to determine the satisfiability of the original NRA formulas. This transformation enables the application of recent advances in neural network verification to a broader class of symbolic problems. Our approach bridges the gap between symbolic logic reasoning and neural verification, potentially unlocking new paths for scalable and parallelizable SMT solving. We demonstrate the soundness and feasibility of the method through illustrative case studies and analyze its performance in terms of accuracy and approximation fidelity
Synthesis of ultralong MnO/C coaxial nanowires as freestanding anodes for high-performance lithium ion batteries
No full textPublisher's PDFA facile synthesis strategy is reported for the preparation of a freestanding membrane of ultralong MnO/C coaxial nanowires using a novel in situ interfacial polymerization technique. The MnO/C membrane possesses interconnected porous structures with a nanowire diameter of ca. 100 nm and a length of up to hundreds of micrometers. When used as a freestanding anode for lithium ion batteries, the coaxial MnO/C nanocomposites exhibit a high reversible capacity of 832 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles, good rate capability and outstanding cycling stability with a specific capacity of 480 mA h g−1 being retained after 600 cycles at a high current density of 1000 mA g−1. The uniform carbon coating formed along the ultralong one-dimensional nanostructure surface is the key-enabling factor that not only improves the electrode reaction kinetics, but also renders excellent cycling performance by accommodating the large volume variation of MnO during charge/discharge processes. The superior electrochemical properties suggest that the facile synthesis strategy can be extended to the fabrication of other freestanding films for potential application in energy storage systems.University of Delaware. Department of Mechanical Engineering
mixture treatment
No full textTo acquire a material with simultaneous oil–water emulsion demulsification and oil-absorbing performance, SiO
2 nanoparticles were introduced into the acrylate polymerization system to prepare oil absorbent SiO
2/P (SMA-co-MMA-co-BA) (PSA-SiO
2). PSA-SiO
2 was synthesized from monomers and functional materials, including methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), octadecyl methacrylate (SMA) and SiO
2 hydrophobically modified by vinyltrimethoxysilane. The molecular structure of PSA-SiO
2 was characterized by FT-IR, and its morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the optimal synthesis conditions for the polymerization system, such as the monomer ratio, the amount of crosslinker and stabilizer and then the particle size and dose of SiO
2, were discussed in detail. PSA-SiO
2 had a decent oil absorbency for pure halogenated and aromatic hydrocarbons (49.10, 56.41, 47.32, 43.45, 36.22, and 30.14 g/g for CH
2Cl
2, CHCl
3, CCl
4, C
2Cl
4, toluene and styrene, respectively). Furthermore, SiO
2, as a functional material, makes composites that possess excellent demulsification properties for oil-in-water emulsions. The oil removal efficiency of CHCl
3 in Tween 80-stabilized and CTAB-stabilized emulsions were 94.88% and 98.11%, respectively. All results indicated that PSA-SiO
2 had valuable potential for oil removal and emulsion treatment. Highlights: An organic–inorganic composite was synthesized by suspension polymerization. The composite was applied for absorbing pure oil or removing oil form water. By modification, the composite acquired the demulsification ability. The composite accomplished one-step demulsification and emulsion treatment. The oil absorption and emulsion treatment could achieve at room temperature.</p
Analysis of Continuous Development with Nuclear Energy
No full textAs the energy crisis gradually approaching, the development of new energy sources has become an inevitable need. The use of solar energy, nuclear energy, wind energy and other new energy continues to grow. In order to study the impact of new energy on the economic side, this paper reviews correlative papers that talk about the advantages and disadvantages of new energy by comparing it with traditional energy. The result of this paper has shown the impact of new energy on the economy. By analyzing the internal and external strength determine a forecast of future trends it could have. And through the analyzing of their shortages the research has shown that its weakness; threat and the difficulties human will face during using new energy, include its highly cost and problems human had on disposal its waste. The advantages and drawbacks of the development of new energy in the future are examined in this article, in addition to some potential solutions that may assist to increase the advantages and reduce the problems
A Mean Field Game Approach to Relative Investment-Consumption Games with Habit Formation
No full textThis paper studies an optimal investment-consumption problem for competitive
agents with exponential or power utilities and a common finite time horizon.
Each agent regards the average of habit formation and wealth from all peers as
benchmarks to evaluate the performance of her decision. We formulate the
n-agent game problems and the corresponding mean field game problems under the
two utilities. One mean field equilibrium is derived in a closed form in each
problem. In each problem with n agents, an approximate Nash equilibrium is then
constructed using the obtained mean field equilibrium when n is sufficiently
large. The explicit convergence order in each problem can also be obtained. In
addition, we provide some numerical illustrations of our results.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2206.13341 by
other author
Author response image 1. Author response
No full textAnkyrin adaptors together with their spectrin partners coordinate diverse ion channels and cell adhesion molecules within plasma membrane domains and thereby promote physiological activities including fast signaling in the heart and nervous system. Ankyrins specifically bind to numerous membrane targets through their 24 ankyrin repeats (ANK repeats), although the mechanism for the facile and independent evolution of these interactions has not been resolved. Here we report the structures of ANK repeats in complex with an inhibitory segment from the C-terminal regulatory domain and with a sodium channel Nav1.2 peptide, respectively, showing that the extended, extremely conserved inner groove spanning the entire ANK repeat solenoid contains multiple target binding sites capable of accommodating target proteins with very diverse sequences via combinatorial usage of these sites. These structures establish a framework for understanding the evolution of ankyrins' membrane targets, with implications for other proteins containing extended ANK repeat domains.</p
Nanozyme-based lateral flow assay for the sensitive detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in milk
No full textLateral flow assay (LFA) has been applied in many fields due to its relative ease of use and cost-effectiveness. However, it has low sensitivity and its applications are limited. Probe materials play a significant role in improving the detection efficiency and sensitivity of LFA. In this study, by using concave palladium-platinum (Pd-Pt) nanoparticles as a nanozyme probe, we developed a sensitive LFA based on the sandwich format for qualitative and quantitative detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. The sensitivity of the LFA. was improved by applying the 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate onto the test line where the nanozyme was accumulated in the presence of analytes. The nanozyme showed high catalytic performance toward TMB and greatly enhanced the signal intensity of the test line. The sensitivity of the nanozyme-based LFA was 9.0 x 10(2) cfu/mL in milk, which was 111-fold higher than that of traditional colloidal gold-based LFA. The proposed method has remarkable potential in the detection of various pathogens in real samples
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