1,061 research outputs found
Supplemental_Material – Supplemental material for Effects of a 3D-printed orthosis compared to a low-temperature thermoplastic plate orthosis on wrist flexor spasticity in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial
No full textSupplemental material, Supplemental_Material for Effects of a 3D-printed orthosis compared to a low-temperature thermoplastic plate orthosis on wrist flexor spasticity in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial by Yanan Zheng, Gongliang Liu, Long Yu, Yanmin Wang, Yuan Fang, Yikang Shen, Xiuling Huang, Lei Qiao, Jianzhong Yang, Ying Zhang and Zikai Hua in Clinical Rehabilitation</p
Designing near-natural planting patterns for plantation forests in China
No full textAbstract Background China has a long tradition of managing planted forests. Different species of Populus, Eucalyptus, Larix, Cunninghamia and Pinus are planted to satisfy the local demand for wood products and provide ecological services at the same time. Evidence of the greater resilience of natural forests provides the motivation to develop asymmetric planting patterns, which is the focus of this study. We present a new method for designing plantation patterns that follow those observed in natural ecosystems and to maintain some regularity for operational convenience. Methods Based on the uniform angle index, we analyzed the spatial structure of six natural forests in different regions of China. The uniform angle index describes the degree of spatial uniformity of the n nearest neighbors of a given reference tree. Accordingly, we identified all possible patterns of a neighborhood group within a regular planting pattern and developed a method to optimize planting point arrangements that contain some randomness as well as a minimum degree of regularity. Results (1) There are 13 types of structural units in a regular planting, including seven random units, five even units and one cluster unit; (2) Five near-natural arrangements are presented with a minimum proportion of 50% of random units. These five arrangements represent a combination of regularity for operational convenience and asymmetry. Conclusions The new planting patterns developed in this study are expected to increase the asymmetric competition and resilience of these important ecosystems. Some experimental plantings, based on our findings, have already been established, e.g., in Pinus tabulaeformis plantations in Tianshui, Gansu Province, and in a Populus deltoides plantation in Fangshan near Beijing
Selective lateral nano-epitaxy for manufacturable nanowire electronics
No full textThis dissertation provides a comprehensive study on vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth of III-V planar nanowires and their electronic device applications. III-V materials, especially high-In-content InGaAs, are considered as a very promising n-channel material candidate for post-Si complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology due to their excellent electron mobility. Semiconductor nanowires are of interest for electronic device applications primarily due to their 3D nature which facilitates realization of multi-gate field effect transistors (FETs). VLS growth, where a metallic seed nanoparticle is used to gather materials and guide nanowire growth, is a unique bottom-up method suitable for synthesizing extremely thin nanowires with high aspect ratios and axially uniform diameters.
Unlike conventional VLS nanowires which grow along out-of-plane directions with respect to the substrate surface, the recently emerged planar VLS growth produces III-V nanowires self-aligned along certain in-plane crystal directions and epitaxially attached to substrates. This particular type of VLS growth is called Selective Lateral nano-Epitaxy (SLE), where the selectivity is provided by seed nanoparticles. Those planar nanowires are compatible with the well-established planar processing technology and are therefore a potential solution to realizing manufacturable nanowire-based integrated circuits.
In this dissertation, homogeneous GaAs planar nanowire arrays with perfect yield of planar growth, which are ready for practical device and circuit applications, are developed. The array-based GaAs planar nanowire growth also enables systematic growth studies, based on which the underlying mechanism responsible for the planar type of growth is proposed. In addition to homogeneous growth, heterogeneous SLE of high-quality planar InAs nanowires on GaAs is demonstrated. On the application side, GaAs planar nanowire tri-gate MOSFETs and a current-source loaded amplifier circuit based on nanowire MESFETs are presented. Gate-all-around (GAA) InAs planar nanowire MOSFETs are developed and analyzed.
Chapter 1 discusses the motivation behind researching III-V materials and semiconductor nanowires for future low-power and high-performance nano-electronics.
Chapter 2 introduces the planar type of VLS growth—Selective Lateral nano-Epitaxy—and compares it with the top-down nanowire fabrication technology.
Chapter 3 presents the array-based GaAs planar nanowire growth and detailed growth mechanism studies intended to reveal the underlying reasons leading to the planar version of VLS growth.
Chapter 4 demonstrates GaAs planar nanowire tri-gate n-MOSFETs with Al2O3 as gate dielectric material and a high voltage-gain amplifier circuit based on GaAs planar nanowire MESFETs.
Chapter 5 presents the growth and material characterizations of heterogeneous InAs planar nanowires on GaAs substrate. InAs nanowire GAA MOSFETs are then presented with detailed device analysis.
Chapter 6 outlines several future research directions including InAs nanowire MOSFET performance improvement, heterogeneous InAs planar nanowire growth yield improvement, and heterogeneous integration of different types of nanowires.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I only', the embargo will last until 2017-08-01The student, Chen Zhang, accepted the attached license on 2015-06-12 at 11:36.The student, Chen Zhang, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2015-06-12 at 12:10.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2015-06-15 at 08:37.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #8275 on 2015-09-29 at 14:58:33Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-29T20:49:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2015-06-15Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 89423
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A Correlation Analysis Model for Multidisciplinary Data in Disaster Research
No full textData play an important role in disaster mitigation applications, and the integrated employment of multidisciplinary data promotes the development of disaster science. Therefore it is very useful to identify the multidisciplinary data usage in the research of disaster events. In order to discover the correlation between multidisciplinary data and disaster research, three earthquake events, the Tangshan earthquake, the Wenchuan earthquake, and the Haidi earthquake were selected as typical study cases for this paper. A knowledge model for literature data mining was applied to analyze the correlation between earthquake events and multidisciplinary data types. The results indicate that high-cited papers show different data usage trends when compared with whole-set papers and also that data usage for the three earthquake events varies. According to analysis results, the factors that influence multidisciplinary data usage include the characteristics of spatial and temporal elements as well as differing interests of the data users
Hippocampus's role in forming "task-related" associations: Flashing to the things you are looking for
No full textEichenbaum and colleagues observed that the same place did or did not activate the "goal-approach" cells in hippocampus depending on whether the place was the way for rats to approach specific goal. Parallel with this, the present neuroimage study revealed that, the same type of items could activate the hippocampus more when it was related to the task at hand than when it not. Participants were scanned by fMRI while they made judgments on the type of relationships contained in the word-pairs (e.g., Does the word pair, "furniture-table", contain a "category-exemplar" relationship?). Event-related analysis revealed that the forming of "task-related" association activated hippocampus more than that of "task-unrelated", even if it was the same type of items, and, this hippocampal difference was not caused by the different judgment requirements, nor by the effects of "yes" response. Consistently, the post-judgment cued-recall test exhibited a better retrieval performance for "task-related" associations than for the same type but "task-unrelated" associations. Results also showed that, the semantic relatedness between the to-be-associated individual words (e.g., the related word pair "healthy-hospital" versus the unrelated word pair "price-way") was not enough to activate the hippocampus when it was "task-unrelated". Generally, we proposed that, through participating in forming of "task-related" associations and consolidating of episodic memory, hippocampus enabled the organism to keep the information that owned great survival values in mind for future usage.Eichenbaum and colleagues observed that the same place did or did not activate the "goal-approach" cells in hippocampus depending on whether the place was the way for rats to approach specific goal. Parallel with this, the present neuroimage study revealed that, the same type of items could activate the hippocampus more when it was related to the task at hand than when it not. Participants were scanned by fMRI while they made judgments on the type of relationships contained in the word-pairs (e.g., Does the word pair, "furniture-table", contain a "category-exemplar" relationship?). Event-related analysis revealed that the forming of "task-related" association activated hippocampus more than that of "task-unrelated", even if it was the same type of items, and, this hippocampal difference was not caused by the different judgment requirements, nor by the effects of "yes" response. Consistently, the post-judgment cued-recall test exhibited a better retrieval performance for "task-related" associations than for the same type but "task-unrelated" associations. Results also showed that, the semantic relatedness between the to-be-associated individual words (e.g., the related word pair "healthy-hospital" versus the unrelated word pair "price-way") was not enough to activate the hippocampus when it was "task-unrelated". Generally, we proposed that, through participating in forming of "task-related" associations and consolidating of episodic memory, hippocampus enabled the organism to keep the information that owned great survival values in mind for future usage
A Numerical Study For Aerodynamic Performances Of Nrel Offshore 5-MW Wind Turbine
No full textWind energy is recognized as a sustainable source of energy that is both reliable and capable of dramatically reducing pollution to the environment and dependency on non-renewable fuels, leading to research on wind turbines. Nowadays, the demand for electricity increases. Considering that the greater the distance from shore, the greater the wind, more electricity will be generated along the coast. It is necessary and beneficial to study large scale offshore wind turbines. The National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) 5-MW offshore wind turbine is simulated using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model in this article. A realizable k-ε viscous model is used to simulate turbulence flow. The work is validated by comparing the torque with published simulated data, and satisfied consistency is observed. Further simulation and comprehensive analysis demonstrate the flow features and aerodynamic performances of 5-MW offshore wind turbine under various wind and rotor speeds. The velocity profiles, total pressure distribution, pressure coefficient, rotor thrust, torque and aerodynamic properties are obtained in detail
Numerical Simulation of Water Wave Generation
No full textAt present, caused by a large amount of wave energy resources and huge energy capacity, the development and utilization of wave energy have come to be an essential development focus of wave energy manufacturing. The purpose of this research is to simulate the ocean in an offshore environment. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was used to analyze the propagation of ocean waves. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) multiphase model and laminar model were used to analyze wave propagation in offshore conditions. Function Methodology and Mobile Methodology were implemented by applying User Defined Function (UDF) code which characterizes transient velocity profile. The parametric study was performed to analyze how velocity and amplitude change. The models were first validated by comparing them with previous analytical wave solutions. To prevent the reflection of the wave, a damping term was added by using User Define Function to define the viscosity of the water phase
Numerical Simulation of 3D Wind Flow in Suburban Environment with Topographical Effects
No full text3D wind field construction is important in many aspects, such as wind energy assessment, wind turbine siting and weather forecasting. The development of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 3D wind flow over complex terrain and boundary conditions in simulation has been studied intensively over past thirty years. However, the topographical effects has seldom been considered in the 3-D wind field construction in suburban environment. In this thesis, 3-D wind field is constructed with consideration of terrain effects. 3-D terrain flowing mesh is built from digital elevation data (DEM) by in house codes. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved by the standard k-ϵ turbulence model with software Ansys Fluent ©. The integration between the topographical effects and 3D wind field in suburban environment is investigated. Simulation results of the 3-D wind field, wind velocity distributions, turbulence intensity distributions, wind power density distributions, and wind profiles were obtained from Purdue University Calumet (PUC) campus. Additionally, the surround building effect and topographical effect are discussed. The simulation results are validated against measurements data
The habitat and population size data, sampling time, sampling size and sample size of each locality used for (a) mtDNA and (b) microsatellite analysis.
No full text<p>*Three samples of AKS (21, 22 and 23) obtained by Xiuling Wang in August 2005 had six toes on the hind limbs.</p
Chip scale monolithic integration of inductive and capacitive components by self-rolled-up membrane nanotechnology
No full textThis work reports a three-dimensional (3D) microwave L-C filter network enabled by a CMOS-compatible two-dimensional (2D) fabrication approach, which combines inductive (L) and capacitive (C) self-rolled-up membrane (S-RuM) components monolithically into a single L-C network structure, thereby greatly reducing the on-chip area footprint. The individual L-C elements are fabricated in-plane using standard semiconductor processing techniques, and subsequently triggered by the built-in stress to self-assemble and roll into cylindrical air-core architectures. By designing the planar structure geometry and constituent layer properties to achieve a specific number of turns with a desired inner diameter when the device is rolled up, the electrical characteristics can be engineered. The network layouts of the L and C components are also reconfigurable by selecting appropriate input, output, and ground contact routing topographies. The devices demonstrated here operate over the range of ~1-10 GHz. Their area and volume footprints are 0.095 mm2 and 0.01 mm3, respectively, which are ~10× smaller than most of the comparable conventional filter designs. These S-RuM-enabled 3D microtubular L-C filter networks represent a significant advancement for miniaturization and integration of RF devices for applications in mobile connectivity.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2022-12-01The student, Zhendong Yang, accepted the attached license on 2020-11-25 at 10:23.The student, Zhendong Yang, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2020-11-25 at 10:32.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2020-12-01 at 17:24.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15960 on 2021-03-04 at 16:32:27Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-05T21:45:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5
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Previous issue date: 2020-12-01Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 117307
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Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 117307
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Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemAuthor requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimite
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