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    Nuove conoscenze sul Gargano centrale

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    The relationship is examined between the lithostratigraphic sequence, the deposition environment and the hydrogeological characteristics of the carbonatic lithofacies forming the hydrogeological unit of the Gargano, on the basis of results acquired by means of five wells bored for the first time at considerable depth in the central part of the promontory. The importance of the role played by the lithofacies of tidal-lagoon environment, represented by micritic limestones and laminar dolomites, is shown. These lithofacies, which are scarcely permeable or practically impermeable and not karsified up to and below sea level, affect the flow of groundwaters which are under pressure. The hydrogeological characteristics of the underground waters and of the aquifer are related to the sedimentary characteristics of the different lithofacies and to the position with respect to the area of recharge and flow towards the sea.Published1037-10435.5. TTC - Sistema Informativo TerritorialeN/A or not JCRope

    Influence of free-stall flooring on comfort and hygiene of dairy cows during warm climatic conditions

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    An evaluation of behavioral and hygienic conditions was carried out with 4 materials used as free-stall flooring for dairy cows: polyethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and polypropylene vinyl acetate (PVA) mats, wood shavings, and solid manure. The free-stall type selected by cows was evaluated in response to changes in environmental temperature and humidity. Two tests were used: 1) a preference test, in which 8 cows were housed in a pen with 32 free stalls and 4 types of flooring; and 2) an aversion test, in which 32 cows were placed in 4 pens, each with 8 free stalls. The free stalls in each pen had a single type of bedding material. These tests showed that the comfort of dairy cows was predominantly influenced by environmental conditions. The preference test for lying showed that cows preferred free-stall floors with EVA mats over those with PVA mats, wood shavings, and solid manure (332.4 +/- 24.0 vs. 130.8 +/- 6.2, 160.9 +/- 23.7, and 102.6 +/- 23.2 min/d, respectively), but under conditions of heat stress, with a temperature-humidity index > 80, they chose wood shavings and solid manure lying areas. These results were confirmed by the aversion test. In all experimental and environmental conditions, the PVA mats were the least suitable. The mats contaminated with organic manure and the free stalls bedded with wood shavings and organic solids did not differ in either the coliform load on the lying surfaces (EVA mats: 290 +/- 25; PVA mats: 306 +/- 33; wood shavings: 290 +/- 39; and solid manure: 305 +/- 23 log(10) cfu/mL) or the total bacterial count in the raw milk (EVA mats: 232 +/- 22; PVA mats: 233 + 24; wood shavings: 221 +/- 24; and solid manure: 220 +/- 25 log(10) cfu/mL). These results demonstrate that the comfort of dairy cows housed in barns with free stalls as resting areas does not depend only on the material used, but also on the value of the material in micro-environmental conditions
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