157 research outputs found
Bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among patients with external ocular infections at Borumeda hospital, Northeast Ethiopia
No full textBackground: Bacteria are major cause of ocular infections and possible loss of vision. The emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria increases the risk of treatment failure with potentially serious consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among patients with external ocular infections. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 160 patients with external ocular infections at Borumeda hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using structured questionnaire. External ocular specimens were collected using sterile swabs and inoculated on MacConkey agar, Chocolate agar and Blood agar culture Medias. Presumptive isolates were further identified by a series of biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined by disk diffusion method. Result: The overall prevalence of bacterial pathogens among external ocular samples was 59.4 %. The majority of the isolates (93.7 %; 89/95) were Gram positive and the other 6.3 % (6/95) Gram negative bacteria. The proportion of coagulase negative Staphylococci among the Gram positive bacterial isolates was 53.7 % (n = 51/95). All Gram positive isolates were susceptible for vancomycin but 67.4 % (n = 60/95) of them were resistant against amoxicillin. Moreover, drug resistance to tetracycline, norfloxacylin, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were observed among Gram negative bacteria isolates. Conclusion: The prevalence of bacterial pathogens among external ocular samples was high and the predominant isolate was coagulase negative Staphylococci. Exceptionally high amoxicillin resistance was observed among Gram positive bacterial isolates that may dictate to conduct drug susceptibility test routinely.Birtukan Shiferaw, Baye GelawEmail author, Abate Assefa, Yared Assefa and Zelalem Addi
Characterization of indigenous breeding strategies of the sheep farming communities of Ethiopia
No full textThis working paper synthesizes and analyzes the characteristics of the indigenous sheep production and breeding strategies and practices of four sheep farming communities located in pastoral (Amibara), sub-alpine sheep-barley (Menz), perennial crop-livestock (Bonga), and cereal-livestock (Horro) production systems. The paper also provides a model framework for characterizing the indigenous sheep production and breeding practices of traditional sheep producers in Ethiopia as a basis for designing suitable community-based breeding programs. Sections 1-3 of the paper present introduction to, objectives and study framework of the ICARDA-ILRI-BOKU research project.
Chapters 4 and 5 give highlights, respectively, on sheep breeding strategies and the basis for designing community-based breeding programs in Ethiopia. Section 6.1 analyses indigenous sheep production and breeding strategies and practices of sheep farming communities. The paper closes with a synthesis of approaches to the design of community-based breeding programs including definition of breeding objectives, designing, optimizing and implementing community-based breeding programs in section 6.2
Patterns of Primary Oral and Maxillofacial Malignancy At Jimma Medical Center: A Cross-Sectional Study From 2018 To 2023
No full textBackground: Cancers are the leading cause of death in economically developed countries and
the second leading cause of death in developing countries including Ethiopia. Despite an increase
in medical knowledge, the treatment need of head and neck cancers (HNCs) have not been
improved in Ethiopia. In addition, there is no adequate published evidence on epidemiology of
oral and maxillofacial malignancy in the country.
Objective: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and patterns of primary
orofacial cancer among patients seen at Jimma university medical center.
Methods: All patient records (201) of primary head and neck malignancy, from September 11,
2018 to September 10, 2023, were retrieved from the patient registry. Reports with doubtful
diagnosis, skin cancers, and eye tumors were excluded. Finally, 194 eligible patients’ data were
collected and analyzed using the Statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version
23.0. Frequencies, percentages, cross tabulation of different variables were determined. A p
value ≤ 0.05 was used as the cut-off level for statistical significance.
Result and Discussion: The prevalence of primary oral and maxillofacial malignancy was 2.6%
among total patients seen at maxillofacial unit of Jimma medical center. The mean age of all
patients was 41.81 years (SD± 15.911, range: 10 to 73 years). The overall male to female ratio
was 2.46:1. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common specific histological type
followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) making up 59.5% and 16% of cases
respectively. Oral tongue was the most frequently involved oral subsite (27.4%). Predisposing
factors was identified in 92 (47.4%) patients. Majority of the patients (74.8%) were diagnosed at
late stage (III & IV). Surgery was the main mode of treatment used in 148 (76.3%) cases.
Conclusion and Recommendation: Majority of primary malignant lesions of oral and
maxillofacial region (OMFR) occurred in males and older adult age groups. Creating awareness
and providing health education about orofacial cancers are helpful in prevention and early
detection at curable stage of the disease
Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes under Irrigation in Raya Azebo District, South Tigray
No full text<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Ethiopia has started to expand wheat production in the lowlands under irrigation to substitute wheat import, achieve wheat self-sufficiency and create jobs along the wheat value chain. The experiment was laid out in random complete block design with three replications to evaluate 20 bread wheat genotypes. A field experiment was undertaken to analyze the genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis of yield and its contributing traits under irrigation. Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences (≤0.01) among the genotypes for all the traits considered, which indicate the presence of adequate variability among the genotypes. The highest estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for total tillers and effective tillers Moderate phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for grain yield, grain filling period and heading. High heritability values were recorded for days to heading and days to maturity, which indicating that the traits were least influenced by environmental factors. Among the traits higher values of genetic advance as percent of means were observed for total tillers, effective tillers and grain yield. Grain yield had positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation with number of kernels per spike and spike length, indicating that selection of genotypes based on high mean values for these traits could be used to improve wheat yield rather than selecting based on yield alone. Genotypic path coefficient analysis revealed that number of kernels per spike, total tillers and number of spikelets per spike had the highest positive contribution towards grain yield. Over all the results indicates that any genetic improvement on those traits might improve grain yield.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Coefficients of Variance, Correlation, Genetic Advance as Percent of Mean, Heritability, Path Coefficient Analysis.</p><p><strong>Title:</strong> Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Bread Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Genotypes under Irrigation in Raya Azebo District, South Tigray</p><p><strong>Author:</strong> Assefa Amare</p><p><strong>International Journal of Novel Research in Interdisciplinary Studies</strong></p><p><strong>ISSN 2394-9716</strong></p><p><strong>Vol. 10, Issue 6, November 2023 - December 2023</strong></p><p><strong>Page No: 1-6</strong></p><p><strong>Novelty Journals</strong></p><p><strong>Website: www.noveltyjournals.com</strong></p><p><strong>Published Date: 06-November-2023</strong></p><p><strong>DOI: </strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10074538"><strong>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10074538</strong></a></p><p><strong>Paper Download Link (Source)</strong></p><p><a href="https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Genetic%20Variability,%20Correlation-06112023-3.pdf"><strong>https://www.noveltyjournals.com/upload/paper/Genetic%20Variability,%20Correlation-06112023-3.pdf</strong></a></p>
XRD analysis of recovered iron materials from electro-coagulated sludge
No full textIron hydroxide Electro-coagulated sludge from the electrochemical processes of textile wastewater treatment plant has recovered and oxidative transformed iron oxides production with heat treatment was produced. Because hematite and magnetite iron oxides can be produce from iron hydroxide, electro-coagulated sludge as iron hydroxide and oxy-hydroxide rich sludge can be used iron oxides source for different applications. Such as for catalyst, medical and commercial applications. Heat treatment of iron hydroxide with a certain temperature range will have an effect on magnetic nature iron oxides formation. Thus, EC sludge as iron hydroxide was used crystallinity nature as well as phase identification. To this experiment, the author intends to use four critical temperature values as a base to examine the phase change by producing different iron oxides (α-Fe2O3, Fe3O4…). X-ray diffraction study using the XRD machine as well as comparative examination with standard references, the international central diffraction data (ICDD) were investigated. The heat treatment from 300 oC to 800 oC have confirmed us the iron oxide formation and at high temperature, the patterns become more crystal formation
Utilizations of Electro-coagulated Sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plant data as an Adsorbent for Direct Red 28 Dye removal
No full textElectro-coagulated, EC, sludge from the electrochemical processes of textile wastewater treatment plant can be reuse as an adsorbent for a certain cationic and anionic azo dyes from textile and or leather industry effluents. Because EC sludge expected to have iron oxide and hydroxide during the electrochemical processes of wastewater treatment, it can be used for adsorptions for azo dye removal. Produced EC sludge can have positively charged surface, specially ferric and or ferrous surface charge. Thus, EC sludge as an adsorbent will have adsorption potential to adsorb acidic (anionic) dyes in the principles of electrostatic attraction. To this study, the author intends to use direct red 28 (DR28) dyes as a modal azo dye from the textile and or leather industry. Basic batch adsorption parameters (effect of dye concentration, solution pH, reaction temperature, mixing time and adsorbent dosage), as well as adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics study on to raw and calcined EC sludge were investigated. DR28 dye on to calcined EC adsorbent has recorded as highly removal efficiency at pH of 2, initial dye concentration of 20mg/L, time of 60 min, adsorbent dosage 1g/100mL and temperature of 25±2℃, ambient temperature
Examining Heat Treatment Effects on Transformation of Iron Oxides and Crystallinity phase identification Dataset from Recovered Iron Hydroxide Electro-coagulated Sludge
No full textIron hydroxide Electro-coagulated sludge from the electrochemical processes of textile wastewater treatment plant have recovered and oxidative transformed iron oxides production with heat treatment were produced. Because hematite and magnetite iron oxides can be produce from iron hydroxide, electro-coagulated sludge as iron hydroxide rich sludge can be used iron oxides source for different application. Such as for catalyst, medical and commercial applications. Heat treatment of iron hydroxide with a certain temperature range will have an effect for magnetic nature iron oxides formation. Thus, EC sludge as iron hydroxide were used crystalliniry nature as well as phase identification. To this experiment, the author intends to use four critical temperature values as a base to examine the phase change by producing different iron oxides (α-Fe2O3, Fe3O4…). X-ray diffraction study using XRD machine as well as comparative examination with standard references, the international central diffraction data (ICDD) were investigated. The heat treatment from 300 oC to 800 oC have confirm us the iron oxide formation and at high temperature the patterns become more crystal formation
Clinging to the managerial approach in implementing teacher education lsquo%253Breform tasks in ethiopia
No full textIn this paper, the author argues that the pre-service secondary teacher education lsquo%253Bparadigm shift or lsquo%253Bsystem overhaul that has been implemented during the 2003- 2005 time period in Ethiopia reflects the pursuit of pathways which the author refers to as a managerial approach. Grounded mainly on personal narratives of a key self- narrator and views of other faculty reform performers, the author brings to surface the ideology upheld by central reform planners and administrators. The author identifies four reform tasks to demonstrate the consistency in the paths pursued to effect policies of central priorities. These reform tasks which mainly concern changes in curriculum and instruction were planned and have been effected in managerial spaces and tools. The author further argues that, in effect, if not in intent, the managerial approach has had a sidelining effect because the larger practitioners, professional associations, communities, student teachers, and private popular media have been given little or no opportunities for participation. According to the author, the approach has also reduced pedagogical concerns and values to an adjunct or secondary position
Antidiarrheal Activity of 80% Methanolic Leaf Extract of<i> Justicia schimperiana</i>
No full textBackground. Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of preventable death in developing countries and mainly affects children and infants. It has been reported that the leaf of Justicia schimperiana is used as an antidiarrheal agent in Libo Kemekem district, northwest Ethiopia. Method. The 80% methanolic leaf extract of J. schimperiana was evaluated for its activity against castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and gastrointestinal motility in mice. Results. Significant reduction (p<0.001) in the total defecation and diarrheal drops was produced by all the test doses of the extract. Percentage inhibition of wet feces was 42.58, 65.07, and 74.96% at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses of the extract, respectively. The extract also significantly inhibited castor oil-induced enteropooling at all test doses. The percent reduction in mean weight of intestinal contents was 66.96, 67.83, and 76.52% at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg doses of the extract, respectively. The extract significantly reduced gastrointestinal movement of charcoal meal as well at 200 (p<0.01) and 400 mg/kg (p<0.001) doses. Conclusion. In conclusion, the methanolic leaf extract of J. schimperiana has an antidiarrheal activity and this supports the use of this plant in the treatment of diarrhea in the traditional settings.</jats:p
Cause of human-hippo conflict found around LTBR.
No full textCurrently, the demand of the human population for more land, water, and other natural resources from wildlife habitats is increasing all over the world. Such intense human pressure results in conflict with wildlife and the impacts affect both parties negatively. The human-hippo conflict poses a serious problem for both local farmers’ livelihoods and hippo conservation. To date, the extent of human-hippo conflict is poorly documented in Ethiopia. Specifically, the extent of human-hippo conflicts around Lake Tana Biosphere Reserve (LTBR) is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the extent of human–hippo conflict, and possible mitigation measures proposed by the local people around LTBR, Ethiopia. We conducted a questionnaire interview with the household head, the household head’s wife, or other adults ≥ 18 years old. All respondents reported that crop damage was the main cause of human–hippo conflict around LTBR. Livestock grazing competition (17.4%) and human attack (19.5%) were also sources of conflicts in the region. Respondents claimed that hippos destroyed crops including maize (Zea mays), teff (Eragrostis teff), finger millet (Eleusine coracana), and rice (Oryza sativa). Most (91.2%) respondents claimed that the severity of crop damage caused by hippos was high in the region. Most respondents (range 90 to 93%) complained about high crop damage suggesting that hippos be eliminated from the region. Local people estimated that the population sizes of hippos comprise an average of 243 individuals; however, we counted 122 hippos during our boat survey in the area. The result of this study showed that human-hippo conflicts cause negative effects on both farmers’ livelihood and hippo conservation in the region. To mitigate human-hippo conflict, we suggest that proper land use zonation systems around key areas, broad awareness creation among local people, and alternative crop production should be promoted around the LTBR.</div
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