585 research outputs found
Do more unequal countries redistribute more? does the median voter hypothesis hold?
Full text linkThe median voter hypothesis is important to endogenous growth theories because it provides the political mechanisms through which voters in more unequal countries re-distribute a greater proportion of income and thus (it is argued), by blunting incentives, reduce the country's growth rate. But he hypothesis was never properly tested because of lack of data on the distribution of (pre-tax and transfer) factor income across households, and hence on the exact amount of gain by the poorest quintile of poorest half. The author tests the hypothesis using t9 observations drawn from household budget surveys from 24 democracies. The data strongly support the hypothesis that countries with more unequal distribution of factor income redistribute more in favor of the poor - even when the analysis controls for the older people's share in total population (that is, for pension transfers). The evidence on the median voter hypothesis is much weaker. The author does find that middle-income groups gain more (or lose less) through redistribution in countries whereinitial (factor) income distribution is more unequal. This regularity evaporates, however, when pensions are dropped from social transfers and the focus is strictly on the more re-distributive social transfers.Income,Services&Transfers to Poor,Economic Theory&Research,Poverty Impact Evaluation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Inequality,Poverty Impact Evaluation,Economic Theory&Research,Safety Nets and Transfers,Services&Transfers to Poor
The Ricardian Vice: Why Sala-i-Martin’s calculations of world income inequality are wrong
Full text linkThe paper discusses recent world income inequality calculations by Sala- i-Martin. It shows that the two main problems with which the author had to grapple (too few data to derive countries’ income distributions, and sparseness of such data in time) are not solved in a satisfactory fashion. They, and several other simplifying assumptions, make Sala-i- Martin results very dubious. We argue that Sala-i-Martin has ended up by producing a population-weighted inter-national distribution of income augmented by a constant shift parameter and not a distribution of income among world citizens.income inequality, world, globalization
Is inequality in Africa really different ?
Full text linkHigh inequality in Africa is something of a paradox: Africa should be a low-inequality continent according to the Kuznets hypothesis (because African countries are poor and agriculture-based), and also because land (the main asset) is widely shared. The author's hypothesis is that African inequality is politically determined. Yet in the empirical analysis, despite the introduction of several political variables, there is still an inequality-increasing"Africa effect"linked to ethnic fractionalization. The politics, however, may work through ethnic fractionalization, which provides an easy and secure basis for the formation of political groups. Although this is a plausible explanation, it is not fully satisfactory, and the author criticizes it in the concluding section.Services&Transfers to Poor,Earth Sciences&GIS,Economic Theory&Research,Poverty Impact Evaluation,Human Rights,Inequality,Poverty Impact Evaluation,Governance Indicators,Earth Sciences&GIS,Services&Transfers to Poor
Branko Souček (1930–2014)
Full text linkAutor u članku prikazuje znanstveno djelovanje akademika Branka Součeka, rođena u Bjelovaru. Naglašava se njegovo djelovanje u Institutu Ruđer Bošković, u Nacionalnom laboratoriju Brookhaven Državnog sveučilišta New York (Brookhave National Laboratory, State University of New York) i na Sveučilištu države Arizone u Tusconu (University of Arizona, Tuscon). Ističu se postignuća koja su ostavila trajan znanstveni trag u Hrvatskoj i u svijetu. Prikazani su svi aspekti rada Branka Součeka u znanstvenom polju računarstva koji obuhvaćaju konstruiranje uređaja s obilježjima digitalnog računala, osnivanje laboratorija, autorstvo knjiga
o mikroprocesorima i računalima.In this paper, the author presents the scientific activity of Academy Member Branko Souček, who was born in Bjelovar. His activity at the Ruđer Bošković Institute; at the Brookhave National Laboratory, State University of New York; and at the University of Arizona, Tuscon is pointed out. Achievements that have left a lasting scientific trace in both Croatia and the world are stressed. Presented are all aspects of Branko Souček’s active work within the scientific field of computer science, encompassing the construction of devices bearing features
of digital computers; laboratory establishment; authorship of books on microprocessors and computers
The organization of the chaos
No full textTitle: Organizimi i Kaosit (The organization of the chaos) Originally Published: In the monthly review Neo-shqiptarisma, Nr. 1, Tirana, 1930 Language: Albanian The excerpts used are from A. Plasari ed., Formula të Neoshqiptarismës. Përmbledhje shkrimesh (Tirana: Apollonia, 1996), pp. 99–102. About the author Branko Merxhani [1894 Istanbul – 1981, Istanbul]: scholar and writer. He was born in Istanbul and educated in Germany. In all likelihood, only his father was Albanian. By the end of the 1..
The organization of the chaos
No full textTitle: Organizimi i Kaosit (The organization of the chaos) Originally Published: In the monthly review Neo-shqiptarisma, Nr. 1, Tirana, 1930 Language: Albanian The excerpts used are from A. Plasari ed., Formula të Neoshqiptarismës. Përmbledhje shkrimesh (Tirana: Apollonia, 1996), pp. 99–102. About the author Branko Merxhani [1894 Istanbul – 1981, Istanbul]: scholar and writer. He was born in Istanbul and educated in Germany. In all likelihood, only his father was Albanian. By the end of the 1..
Cash social transfers, direct taxes, and income distribution in late socialism
Full text linkThe author analyzes the impact of direct taxes and cash social transfers on income distribution in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland and Yugoslavia in the years before the collapse of communism. He contrasts the results for socialist and market economies. Cash social transfers accounted for about a fifth of gross income, a proportion comparable with that in developed welfare economies. Generally, cash transfers were unrelated to income in socialist countries, in marked contrast with market economies, where such transfers go mainly to low income households. Direct taxes played almost no role in income redistribution. They were small - 1 to 2 percent of gross income, except in Hungary - and proportional to income. Most taxes were paid by enterprises, as payroll taxes, and most workers were unaware of the taxation and that public spending could not permanently exceed public revenues from taxation. In socialist countries, social support was built into the system through full employment guarantees, state run pension schemes, and free public education and health care. The only explicit policy toward poverty involved alcoholics, handicapped people, and other special categories. This system is being replaced by a market system in which the labor market is key and those who cannot earn enough must be supported by the state. To counteract increasing income disparities, social transfers must be focussed more on the poor. Eastern European states are ill prepared for this role. They have no experience in identifying the needy and targeting support to them. The question is, toward which world of welfare capitalism are the formerly socialist countries likely to evolve? The author contends that the Central European countries will probably evolve toward the corporatist model of continental Europe. Capitalist countries in Europe tend to have large social transfers that are often related to previous earnings, so they have relatively limited roles in income distribution. Transfers are closer to social insurance than to social assistance. The evolution of more agricultural Balkan countries and the Slavic republics of the former Soviet Union is more difficult to predict. Poorer and more agriculture based countries are generally less able to administer welfare schemes, gauge individual incomes, deliver social support - and their finances may be even more strained than those of their Central European counterparts.Services&Transfers to Poor,Poverty Impact Evaluation,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Safety Nets and Transfers
GOLGOTA AND SPEKTAKLI DVADCATOGO VEKA HISTORICAL-LEXICOGRAPHIC ADDENDUM
Full text linkThe article covers often overlooked book Spektakli dvadcatogo veka (Twentieth Century Performances), Moscow 2004, in which Krleža’s Golgota (Golghota) directed by Branko Gavella (Croatian National Theater, Zagreb 1922) is included among over a hundred staged European plays. The author analyses the criteria of selection of performances (each included performance was at the time perceived as significant event and a step forward in global and national development of theatre) and documents the choice of Gavella’s performance by quoting Stanislavki’s well known notes on Golgota and its comparison to the staging of Narodni Malahij by the Ukrainian author M. Kuliš, as well as by unanimous acceptance Golgota by Croatian critics and the unpublished passage from My mementos by J. Bach. At last, credits are given to N. Vagapova for her efforts to present Krleža and Gavella in Russia
Branko Horvat and Economic science Contribution to research his life and works
Full text linkIn this text author investigates and points out elements for evaluating the life and works of the greatest
Croatian economic of our time. The paper is written in four parts. The first part deals with Branko
Horvat’s way of life, the second analyses in detail his scientific opus and Branko Horvat’s contribution to
economics, focusing on his results of the research of contemporary economic theory phenomena,
economic politics and development of economic and political democracy and social injustice. Finally,
author analyses Branko Horvat’s pedagogy work, as a long-standing university professor. Text closes
with conclusive thesis.Autor u tekstu propituje i ističe elemente za prosudbu života i djela najvećeg hrvatskog ekonomiste našega doba. Tekst je napisan u četiri dijela. U prvom se opisuje životni put Branka Horvata, u drugom se opširnije analizira znanstveni opus i doprinos Branka Horvata ekonomskoj znanosti, s osobitim osvrtom na njegove rezultate u istraživanjima fenomena suvremene ekonomske teorije, ekonomske politike te razvitka ekonomske i političke demokracije i društvene pravde. Napokon, autor analizira i pedagošku djelatnost Branka Horvata, kao dugogodišnjeg sveučilišnog profesora. Tekst završava zaključnim tezama
The Dictionary of The Language of Branko Copic
Full text linkУ раду се указује на значај и потребу израде речника
језика Бранка Ћопића – писца доброг стила, одличног језика и богате и
разноврсне лексике, као и представника писаца са запада српске језичке
територије, чија лексика не сме да буде занемарена при формирању српског језичког корпуса.The needs to build a dictionary of the language of Branko Copic are multiple. First, his lexical and idiomatic extraordinary language, his rich and diverse
lexicon need to be represented in sentences of the Serbian literary language; little
known lexicon of his homeland also needs enrich the lexical treasury of the literary
language.
The lexical corpus of the Serbian language must include all Serbian territories — from the far west to the far east. The language of Branko Copic is an extraordinary treasury from which the corpus will be filled from the west regions.
Language, and especially the lexicon of Branko Copic are insufficiently studied. Many words in literature, and in sentences, are qualified as his individual creation, as coins or as rare, non-spread words. However, documents show that they
exist in Copic’s place of birth or that they are used (that they were used by) other
writers too.
Before the approaching of the production of the dictionary of the language of
B. Copic, his conception needs to be produced. Certainly a dictionary of a complete
lexical fund and complete excerption is the best solution. According to the opinion of the author of the paper the lexicon needs to be observed in relation to the literary
linguistic norm and along with terms give a lot of grammatical data.
First, an electronic version of the dictionary should be made
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