1,354,365 research outputs found
Monitoring and behaviour analysis of sewerage operations for improved storm water management
No full textReplantation After Dental Avulsion: A Scoping Review and Proposal of a Flow Chart
No full textDental avulsion, the complete displacement of a tooth from its socket, is a severe dental trauma with a prevalence of 0.5% to 16% of all dental injuries. Replantation of avulsed teeth is common, yet recent studies show high failure rates and unpredictable long-term outcomes. This review examines clinical variables influencing intentional dental replantation decisions and proposes a treatment flow chart. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed-Medline, Scopus, WoS, and Cochrane databases using the keywords "tooth avulsion," "tooth replantation," and "tooth ankylosis." Inclusion criteria encompassed studies from January 2018 to February 2024. From 752 identified articles, 9 systematic reviews including 3 meta-analyses were selected for this scoping review. Immediate replantation is the gold standard for avulsed teeth, yet delayed replantation is more common in practice, impacting survival rates. Adherence to guidelines from the International Association on Dental Traumatology improves outcomes, especially in paediatric patients. Factors such as multiple caries, severe periodontal disease, advanced age, psychological conditions, immunodeficiency, and lack of cooperation are contraindications for replantation. Despite the high failure rate, replantation remains recommended in literature due to its potential advantages over prosthetic implants. This review highlights the complexities in decision-making for dental replantation, emphasising the need for a comprehensive approach considering individual clinical cases. A proposed treatment flow chart aims to support clinicians in predicting prognosis and making informed decisions. The review also underscores the link between dental trauma, poor oral health, and potential neglect in children, highlighting the importance of preventive measures and parental awareness
Black Stains in Children: A New Classification and an Innovative Flowchart for Management and Recurrence Prevention
No full textExogenous black pigmentations, commonly referred to as black stains (BS), are an acquired oral pathology, prevalent among children. The condition is characterized by black punctiform spots that are distributed variably on the lingual and vestibular surfaces of both deciduous and permanent teeth. These spots are predominantly located on the cervical third of the crown but can also be found on the middle third, until the crown third, of the affected tooth's crown. These stains present a therapeutic challenge due to their high recurrence rate and the often-insufficient oral hygiene practices among children and their caregivers. Although general dentists may not be familiar with the classification of BS, the clinical diagnosis of this condition is typically straightforward. There is still no consensus among researchers regarding the prevalence of BS, and the etiopathogenesis of this condition remains not fully understood. Although BS are not a serious pathology, many children and their families experience significant embarrassment, anxiety, and negative psychological effects due to the condition. Recent literature on the treatment of BS indicates that a universally effective clinical protocol has not yet been established. This study introduces a new classification based on therapeutic approach and a flow chart designed to assist paediatric dentists in managing BS with a focus on preventing recurrence
Patient’s perception of hygiene in the dental practice after cOViD-19
No full textBACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted various sectors, including healthcare. The dental profession has faced unprecedented challenges in providing care while minimizing the risk of transmission. the aim of the study is to assess how patient’s perception of hygiene in the dental field has changed since COVID-19. In detail, it has been analyzed patient’s attention to hygiene and how in his opinion the dental practice changed its procedures after cOViD-19. MetHODS: a questionnaire consisting of 10 multiple-choice questions was submitted to 509 subjects, patients of several dental practices. These were related to: 1) change in their perception of hygiene after COVID-19; 2) how the office they usually go to has changed and what hygiene standards it has adopted; 3) vaccination against cOViD-19. Descriptive analyses of all variables in the questionnaire were performed, and statistical analyses between variables were carried out by chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. reSUltS: Most patients (75.8%) stated that they had changed their perception of hygiene after the onset of cOViD-19. they reported that they had experienced changes in hygiene procedures at their usual dental practice (70.7%), including rinsing with chlorhexidine mouthwash, continuous air and water disinfection and use of personal protective equipment (PPe). Vaccination of practitioners was considered to be important by 73.5% of participants. cONclUSiONS: in the present study it was analyzed how emergence of the new coronavirus has considerably changed the perception of patient hygiene within the dental practice. as a result of the awareness implemented to prevent virus transmission, patients are paying more attention to hygiene and preventive procedures to protect their health. (Cite this article as: ludovichetti FS, Zerman N, Stellini e, Zambon G, Mazzoleni S, Zuccon a. Patient’s perception of hyiene in the dental practice after cOViD-19. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2023;72:319-25
Traumatic crown fractures in permanent incisors with immature roots: a follow‐up study
No full text: A follow-up study of crown fractured permanent incisors with incomplete root formation was carried out in a group of patients, aged 6-12 years, over a 5-year period in the Dental Clinic of the University of Verona, Italy. The number of injured patients was 55, representing 84 injured incisors. All patients were followed clinically and radiographically using a standardized follow-up protocol. The most common type of trauma was fracture of enamel and dentine without pulpal exposure (80%) and the most common type of treatment was restoration with the acid-etch composite resin technique (46%). Bonding of the crown fragment was performed in 10 instances (12%). At the 5-year-control all teeth with fracture of the enamel had no pulp complications. Four of 67 teeth (6%) with fracture of the enamel and dentine without pulpal involvement showed pulp necrosis and 1 tooth showed pulp obliteration (1.5%). Eight of 14 teeth (57%) with fractures of the enamel and dentine with pulp involvement showed pulp necrosis. Aesthetically 36 of the restored teeth were deemed satisfactory (43%). In 9 teeth the bonded fragment had to be rebonded. 14 teeth were considered unsatisfactorily restored due to wear of the composite (17%). 34 restored teeth had to be retreated because of a new trauma (40%). In one tooth a previous bonded fragment had to be rebonded. These results confirmed that crown fractures without pulp involvement in permanent incisors with incomplete root formation hav a low percentage of pulp complications, while 60% of the teeth with crown fractures with pulp involvement had pulp complications
Quaternionic Kolyvagin systems and Iwasawa theory for Hida families
No full textIn this thesis we build a Kolyvagin system for the Galois representation attached to a Hida family of modular forms, starting from the big Heegner point Euler system of Longo and Vigni built in towers of Shimura curves. We generalize the work of Buyukboduk to a quaternionic setting, relaxing the classical Heegner hypothesis on the tame conductor of the family. As a byproduct of this construction, we give a proof of one divisibility of the anticyclotomic Iwasawa main conjecture for Hida families
Music therapy and anxiety control in dentistry
No full textOBJECTIVES Among the anxiety disorders, den-tal anxiety (AD) – i.e., the abnormal fear of undergoing even minor dental treatments – represents a significant problem for oral health as such patients withdraw from adequate care and as the setting is deteriorated by the state of tension of the patient, which can hinder the normal execution of the proce-dures. Therefore, many more or less invasive methods have been proposed to remedy this problem, from intravenous sedation to con-scious sedation using nitrous ox-ide, hypnosis, or diazepines. This literature review aims to dis-cuss the current evidence on the efficacy of music therapy for con-trolling dental anxiety in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medline, PubMed, Embase, Sco-pus, and Cochrane were searched. In addition, randomized controlled trials and quasi-experi-mental studies of adult outpatient participants from 1960 to 2020 were included in the review. The intervention considered was re-ceptive music therapy using headphones as a single interven-tion, experimented with a place-bo, relaxation, and pharmacologi-cal techniques. Outcomes were measured with various self-ad-ministered questionnaires and rating scales. RESULTS Sixteen articles were extracted from the initial pool of 471 studies. The results can be summarized as follows:-listening to music in head-phones (EMT) before and during dental procedures is as effective as a short pre-surgery relaxation session in AD control;-the use of EMT significantly re-duces the level of stress com-pared to other interventions;-the use of EMT with songs pre-ferred by the patient decreases intra-operative anxiety concern-ing the level of pre-operative anxiety, and there are decreased levels of heart rate, blood pres-sure, and respiratory rate;-the EMT with soothing piano music and volume control sig-nificantly reduces AD levels;-the EMT stabilizes pre-and in-tra-operative physiological pa-rameters and suppresses pre-and intra-operative anxiety-re-lated sympathetic activity;-432 Hz music seems to offer an extra edge over 440 Hz music. DISCUSSION There is extensive literature on the efficacy of a musical intervention in controlling anxiety in various medical conditions. The studies considered suggest the effective-ness of music in controlling dental anxiety, using headphones rather than loudspeakers, and allowing the patient to adjust the volume. No conclusive results emerged re-garding the preferability of a play-list chosen by the operator rather than the patient. What appears essential is the structured administration of the treatment and the collection of data that objectivize the results al-so in the eyes of the patient. The hypotheses on the effective-ness of EMT on AD are that: 1) mu-sic has a distracting effect, dis-tracting the patient from the ongo-ing experience; 2) music, especial-ly with noise-canceling head-phones, tends to eliminate all those noises experienced as threatening that are related to a dental session. CONCLUSIONS Music administered in the form of structured receptive music thera-py can be a helpful additional non-pharmacological intervention in the control of dental anxiety when administered in a structured manner and possibly modeled on the specific needs and tastes of the patient. However, further experimental re-search will be necessary to fully exploit this natural method’s mo-dalities, which can be readily available in all dental surgeries. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Receptive music therapy applied structured during dental treat-ments significantly reduces anxi-ety in adults and represents a cheap, non-invasive, and easily applicable alternative in dental surgeries compared to current in-tervention
Traumatic injuries to permanent incisors
No full text: The prevalence of traumatic injuries to permanent incisors and their distribution according to type and some clinical factors, were analysed in a total population of 2798 patients, aged 6-21 years, examined over a 5-year period in the Dental Clinic of the University of Verona, Italy. The material consisted of case histories and radiograms taken during the examination of injured teeth. The number of injured patients was 178 (131 males and 47 females), the number of injured incisors was 326. The prevalence of injuries was 7.3%. A very large number of dental injuries occurred to children aged between 6 and 13 years. The ratio of boys to girls was 2.7:1. Most frequent causes of injuries were falls and traffic accidents. Most injuries involved two teeth. About 80% of the teeth were maxillary central incisors. The most common type of injury was non complicated crown fracture. In 87 cases (48%) there was an associated injury to soft tissue. Alveolar fractures occurred in 22 cases (12%). Traumas involving periodontal ligament constituted nearly 40% of the total. This study noted the following points: 1) preventive education programs should be instituted in the region, directed at parents and school teachers, to inform them about the problems of dental trauma and to obtain cooperative attitude to treatment and good motivation in controls; 2) the necessity to unify the diagnostic and therapeutic protocol to provide reliable information in clinical investigations, to permit valid comparison with other studies and to improve the long-term prognosis of many cases
The dual tracer time-varying volume method for measuring hepatic glucose release in nonsteady state : theoretical and simulation results
No full textMeasurement of hepatic glucose release in nonsteady state is difficult and experimental approaches have been developed in order to circumvent Steele's model inadequacy. Recently, a resurgence of interest in the time-varying volume method developed by Issekutz has taken place. Issekutz's approach assumes that the volume of Steele's model is not constant but time-varying and that its time course can be measured by infusing two tracers with different patterns. The time-varying volume is then substituted into Steele's equation and hepatic glucose release is estimated. The aim of this study was to analyze some basic aspects of Issekutz's method and to determine the accuracy of its estimate of hepatic glucose release. A theoretical analysis showed that the time-varying volume measured by Issekutz's approach is not unique but depends on the format of administration of the two tracers. In addition, such a volume allows an accurate estimate of hepatic glucose release if one of the two tracers is infused in such a way that its specific activity is maintained perfectly constant during the experiment. Since it is impossible to achieve a perfect clamp of specific activity, we also evaluated the performance of Issekutz's approach in more realistic experimental conditions which were reproduced by resorting to computer simulation. We simulated a euglycaemic clamp with insulin rising from basal to a plateau of approximately 40 microU/ml and then returning to basal. Nonsteady-state glucose kinetics were described by a previously validated two-compartment model while the time course of hepatic glucose release was derived from the literature. Both noise-free and noisy experimental conditions were simulated. We showed that the degree of accuracy of Issekutz's approach is very good and better than the one associated with the hot-ginf method. On the other hand, the major problem with Issekutz's approach is the sensitivity of the volume estimate to the measurement noise, which may limit its applicability in practice. In conclusion, we elucidated the theoretical grounds of Issekutz's approach and assessed its performance during nonsteady state in a realistic scenario using computer simulation
The dual tracer time-varying volume method for measuring hepatic glucose release in nonsteady state: theoretical and simulation results.
No full textMeasurement of hepatic glucose release in nonsteady state is difficult and experimental approaches have been developed in order to circumvent Steele's model inadequacy. Recently, a resurgence of interest in the time-varying volume method developed by Issekutz has taken place. Issekutz's approach assumes that the volume of Steele's model is not constant but time-varying and that its time course can be measured by infusing two tracers with different patterns. The time-varying volume is then substituted into Steele's equation and hepatic glucose release is estimated. The aim of this study was to analyze some basic aspects of Issekutz's method and to determine the accuracy of its estimate of hepatic glucose release. A theoretical analysis showed that the time-varying volume measured by Issekutz's approach is not unique but depends on the format of administration of the two tracers. In addition, such a volume allows an accurate estimate of hepatic glucose release if one of the two tracers is infused in such a way that its specific activity is maintained perfectly constant during the experiment. Since it is impossible to achieve a perfect clamp of specific activity, we also evaluated the performance of Issekutz's approach in more realistic experimental conditions which were reproduced by resorting to computer simulation. We simulated a euglycaemic clamp with insulin rising from basal to a plateau of approximately 40 microU/ml and then returning to basal. Nonsteady-state glucose kinetics were described by a previously validated two-compartment model while the time course of hepatic glucose release was derived from the literature. Both noise-free and noisy experimental conditions were simulated. We showed that the degree of accuracy of Issekutz's approach is very good and better than the one associated with the hot-ginf method. On the other hand, the major problem with Issekutz's approach is the sensitivity of the volume estimate to the measurement noise, which may limit its applicability in practice. In conclusion, we elucidated the theoretical grounds of Issekutz's approach and assessed its performance during nonsteady state in a realistic scenario using computer simulation
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