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Music therapy and anxiety control in dentistry
No full textOBJECTIVES Among the anxiety disorders, den-tal anxiety (AD) – i.e., the abnormal fear of undergoing even minor dental treatments – represents a significant problem for oral health as such patients withdraw from adequate care and as the setting is deteriorated by the state of tension of the patient, which can hinder the normal execution of the proce-dures. Therefore, many more or less invasive methods have been proposed to remedy this problem, from intravenous sedation to con-scious sedation using nitrous ox-ide, hypnosis, or diazepines. This literature review aims to dis-cuss the current evidence on the efficacy of music therapy for con-trolling dental anxiety in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medline, PubMed, Embase, Sco-pus, and Cochrane were searched. In addition, randomized controlled trials and quasi-experi-mental studies of adult outpatient participants from 1960 to 2020 were included in the review. The intervention considered was re-ceptive music therapy using headphones as a single interven-tion, experimented with a place-bo, relaxation, and pharmacologi-cal techniques. Outcomes were measured with various self-ad-ministered questionnaires and rating scales. RESULTS Sixteen articles were extracted from the initial pool of 471 studies. The results can be summarized as follows:-listening to music in head-phones (EMT) before and during dental procedures is as effective as a short pre-surgery relaxation session in AD control;-the use of EMT significantly re-duces the level of stress com-pared to other interventions;-the use of EMT with songs pre-ferred by the patient decreases intra-operative anxiety concern-ing the level of pre-operative anxiety, and there are decreased levels of heart rate, blood pres-sure, and respiratory rate;-the EMT with soothing piano music and volume control sig-nificantly reduces AD levels;-the EMT stabilizes pre-and in-tra-operative physiological pa-rameters and suppresses pre-and intra-operative anxiety-re-lated sympathetic activity;-432 Hz music seems to offer an extra edge over 440 Hz music. DISCUSSION There is extensive literature on the efficacy of a musical intervention in controlling anxiety in various medical conditions. The studies considered suggest the effective-ness of music in controlling dental anxiety, using headphones rather than loudspeakers, and allowing the patient to adjust the volume. No conclusive results emerged re-garding the preferability of a play-list chosen by the operator rather than the patient. What appears essential is the structured administration of the treatment and the collection of data that objectivize the results al-so in the eyes of the patient. The hypotheses on the effective-ness of EMT on AD are that: 1) mu-sic has a distracting effect, dis-tracting the patient from the ongo-ing experience; 2) music, especial-ly with noise-canceling head-phones, tends to eliminate all those noises experienced as threatening that are related to a dental session. CONCLUSIONS Music administered in the form of structured receptive music thera-py can be a helpful additional non-pharmacological intervention in the control of dental anxiety when administered in a structured manner and possibly modeled on the specific needs and tastes of the patient. However, further experimental re-search will be necessary to fully exploit this natural method’s mo-dalities, which can be readily available in all dental surgeries. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Receptive music therapy applied structured during dental treat-ments significantly reduces anxi-ety in adults and represents a cheap, non-invasive, and easily applicable alternative in dental surgeries compared to current in-tervention
The role of fluoride tablets in the prophylaxis of dental caries. A literature review
Get PDFDoing a meta-analysis to answer the question: “Does fluoride tablets prevent dental caries among children and adolescents?” A review of the literature is performed using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, NHS Evidence Oral Health, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, Metalib. The keywords used are dental fluoride, fluoride tablets. The studies analyzed was limited to English language with free abstract. For the studies selection was taken into consideration the criteria proposed by the Cochrane Oral Health Group. Few studies with good quality were identified in general. Only 3 out of 779 studies were acceptable. Evident disagreements among the
results show that there’s a limited effectiveness on fluoride tablets
Relationship between children's first dental visit and their dental anxiety in the Veneto Region of Italy
No full text: The aim of this study was to explore the association between negative experiences during children's first dental visit and any subsequent dental anxiety and related factors in three dental clinics in the Veneto Region of Italy. For this purpose, parents of 378 children filled out a questionnaire. Factors related to child dental anxiety (none-some/fairly much-very much) were explored by means of logistic regression analysis. The independent variables were: problems with tht first dental visit (no/yes), parental dental anxiety (none-some/fairly much-very much), number of previous visits (0-3/4 < or =) site visited (public/private) and age of the child (< 10 years/10 < or = years). Parental anxiety was associated with child's anxiety (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.1-4.9). A problematic first visit was a strong predictor of dental anxiety. However, this effect was modified by the number of subsequent visits. Children with 4 or more visits after the first visit were less likely to be anxious after a problematic first visit (OR = 4.6, 95% CI = 1.5-14.1) than children with 3 visits or less after the first visit (OR = 19.8, 95% CI = 7.2-54.5). Thus, the negative effect of a problematic first visit may fade during subsequent dental visits
Stability of skeletal Class III malocclusion after combined maxillary and mandibular procedures: titanium versus resorbable plates and screws for maxillary fixation
No full textPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate skeletal stability after double jaw surgery for correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion to assess if there were any differences between resorbable plate and screws and titanium rigid fixation of the maxilla. Patients and methods: Twenty-two Class III patients had bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular setback stabilized with rigid internal fixation. Low level Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement was stabilized with conventional titanium plate and screws in 12 patients (group 1) and with resorbable plate and screws in 10 patients (group 2). Lateral cephalograms were taken before surgery, immediately postoperatively, 8 weeks after surgery, and 1 year postoperatively. Results: Before surgery both groups were balanced with respect to linear and angular measurements of craniofacial morphology. One year after surgery, maxillary stability was excellent in both groups. In group 1 no significant correlations were found between maxillary advancement and relapse. In group 2, significant correlations were found between maxillary advancement and relapse at A point and posterior nasal spine. No significant differences in postoperative skeletal and dental stability between groups were observed. Conclusion: Surgical correction of Class III malocclusion after combined maxillary and mandibular procedures appears to be a fairly stable procedure for maxillary advancements up to 5 mm independently from the type of fixation used to stabilize the maxilla. Resorbable devices should be used with caution for bony movements of greater magnitude until their usefulness is evaluated in studies with large maxillary advancements
A simplified post preparation techinque after Thermafil obturation: evaluation of apical microleakage and presence of voids using methylene blue dye penetration
No full textAIM: To evaluate the apical microleakage of Thermafil obturations after three different post space preparation techniques.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 33 root canals of mono-radiculated extracted teeth were prepared with M two and then obturated with Thermafil. Teeth so treated were then divided into three groups and the post space to middle root was prepared using three different techniques. In samples in group A the housing for the post was created using a Torpan bur, and the carrier was partially removed only in the coronal portion. In samples in group B the carrier was completely removed and gutta-percha was hand compacted, before canal preparation using a Torpan bur. In samples in group C the carrier was completely removed, without guttapercha compaction, before canal preparation using a Torpan bur. The roots were immersed for 72 hours in methylene blue dye solution and sectioned transversely at 1-3-5 mm from the apex for evaluation of dye penetration using a stereomicroscope. The data collected were processed using Win CAD software and subjected to statistical analysis using the Student t test for p<0.05.
RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the three groups, except for the presence of voids in the intermediate section of teeth in groups B and C.
CONCLUSIONS: Post space preparation did not influence the apical seal, and gutta-percha without voids was always found in the last millimetre of the canal obturation. This study proposes a post preparation technique which provides for complete carrier removal using pliers, hand compaction of residual gutta-percha with a manual plugger and enlargement of the root canal, using appropriate post space burs, free of any interference from the carrier. Operating time is reduced, as is the risk of creating ledges or iatrogenic perforations
Endoscopic treatment of maxillary sinus disease before grafting
No full textWe present our experience of the treatment of four patients with maxillary sinus disease by endoscopic sinus surgery to restore the normal physiology of the sinus before grafting. (C) 2006 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
Unilateral swelling of the cheek
No full textA differential diagnosis of acute unilateral facial infection involved teeth and salivary glands. A case presentation of a mass anterior to the masseteric muscle was described. This is the first clinicopathologic report ok JXG invading the muscles in the head and neck region in adult patient
Impact of adhesive layer addition on the optical properties of remineralized white spot lesions
Get PDFBackground. The present in vitro study evaluated the camouflage effect of two treatments
for white spot lesions (WSLs): remineralization with Mi Paste Plus© (GC Europe N.V.) and
remineralization combined with a Scotchbond Multi-Purpose© (3M ESPE 2015) adhesive layer.
Additionally, the study assessed the color stability of the treatments when exposed to a staining
agent, such as coffee.
Methods. Sixty extracted anterior and posterior teeth were preserved in saline solution and
divided into two groups. Artificial WSLs were created using 37% orthophosphoric acid for 1
minute. Both groups underwent daily 6-hour remineralization treatments with Mi Paste Plus©
for 14 days. In the second group, a thin adhesive layer was applied after remineralization. Color
analysis was performed using an MHT SpectroShade Micro spectrophotometer at baseline (T1),
after remineralization (T2), after adhesive application for group 2 (TR), and after immersion in
coffee for 24 hours (T3). Color differences (ΔE) between healthy tissue and WSLs were assessed,
with ΔE ≤ 3.3 considered clinically acceptable. Data were analyzed using STATA 17 (P ≤ 0.05).
Results. ΔE analysis showed a statistically significant improvement in the camouflage effect in the
adhesive-treated group (TR) compared to remineralization alone (T2). After coffee exposure (T3),
ΔE values increased significantly in both groups, with higher values observed in the adhesive-
treated group. Intragroup analyses indicated significant differences between T2 and T3, as well
as TR and T3.
Conclusion. The application of an adhesive system can be considered a valid option to improve
the aesthetic outcome of a remineralization treatment; however, this approach carries the risk of
resin staining over time
Does Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion Influence Upper Airway in Adult Patients? A Scoping Review
No full text(1) Objective: This scoping review evaluates the effects of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) on different regions of the upper airway in adult patients and investigates various methods of measurement. (2) Methods: The search encompassed Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science. This review was conducted following the PRISMA_ScR guidelines, and the inclusion criteria for examined studies were chosen in accordance with the PICOS framework. (3) Results: Seven studies were included in this review, comprising four retrospective studies, one prospective and two case reports. All studies involved the use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) for measurements of the areas of interest. The percentage of increase in the volume of the nasal cavity varied between 31% and 9.9%, depending on the study. Volumetric variations in the nasopharynx were reported as increases between T0 (before expansion) and T1 (immediately after expansion) of 6.4%, 20.7% and 14.1%. All studies considered T0 before expansion and T1 immediately after expansion. Only one study evaluated remote follow-up to assess if the results were maintained after one year. (4) Conclusions: MARPE appears to lead to a statistically significant increase in the upper airway, especially in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx immediately after expansion. However, further prospective and retrospective trails with long-term controls are required to verify the effects of MARPE on the upper airway
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