32 research outputs found
Sıçanlarda tiner inhalasyonunun burun mukozası üzerine etkileri
No full textSanayide yaygın olarak kullanılmaları nedeniyle imalattan günlük yaşama, birçok aşamada insanlar uçucu çözücülere inhalasyon, deri ve oral yol ile maruz kalmaktadırlar. Son yıllarda bu maddelerin özellikle de tinerin uyuşturucu amaçlı kullanılması söz konusu olmuştur. Diğer uyuşturucu maddelerin pahalı, temininin zor ve kullanımının yasak olması nedeniyle, daha çok sosyoekonomik düzeyi düşük ve ailevi problemleri olan gençler tarafından tiner tercih edilmektedir. Ayrıca bazı meslek gruplarında çalışan kişiler istemsiz olarak bu maddeye maruz kalmaktadırlar. Bu yüzden tinerin nazal mukoza üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak giderek önem kazanmaktadır. Bu deneysel çalışma, tiner inhalasyonunun burun mukozası üzerinde oluşturduğu etkileri araştırmak amacı ile yapıldı. Çalışma grubu tiner inhalasyon sürelerine göre 4 gruba ayrıldı: 1., 2., 3. ve 4. gruplar sırasıyla 1, 3, 4 ve 5 hafta süre ile izlendi. Tiner inhalasyonuna maruz kalan hayvanlarda zamanla kilo kaybı görüldü. 4. grupta kilo kaybı diğer gruplarla ve kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p<0.05). Çalışma grubunda merkezi sinir sistemi üzerinde toksik etki oluştuğu gözlendi. 1. grupta en belirgin olan inflamatuar yanıtın ilerleyen haftalarda azaldığı, ancak; istatistiksel olarak diğer gruplarla ve kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı fark olmadığı saptandı (p>0.05). 1. haftadan itibaren skuamöz metaplazi, epitelial stratifikasyon ve tomurcuklanma gözlendi. Ancak 5. hafta sonuna kadar olan dönemde bu bulgularda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı artış tespit edilmedi (p>0.05). Epitelde villöz hipertrofi 2. grupta ortaya çıktığı, diğer gruplarda anlamlı bir artış gösterdiği belirlendi (p<0.01). Sonuç olarak, tiner inhalasyonuna maruz kalan burun mukozalarında skuamöz metaplazi ve epitelial hiperplazinin değişik formları olan stratifikasyon, tomurcuklanma ve villöz oluşumlar gözlenmiştir. Buna göre tinerin, diğer solunum sistemi organlarında olduğu gibi burun mukozası üzerinde de irritasyon yaptığı gösterilmiştir.People are exposed to volatile substances by inhalation, skin contact or oral intake, because these are widely used in industry. In recent years these substances are abused for their euphoric effects, especially thinner. Among these substances, thinner is the choice of the young people with low socioeconomic level and familial problems due to the expense, hardness to find and illegality of other drugs. In addition, many more are unwillingly exposed to these substances at work. So it&amp;#8217;s becoming more important to find out the effects of thinner inhalation on nasal mucosa. This experimental study was performed to evaluate the effects of thinner on the nasal mucosa. Four groups were dispersed due to inhalation periods. Exposure periods of the first, second, third and fourth groups were 1 week, 3 weeks, 4 weeks and 5 weeks respectively. Thinner inhaled animals lost weight within weeks. Loss of weight in the third group was found to be statistically significant compared to other groups and controls (p&lt;0.05). Central nervous system toxicity was observed in the thinner inhaled groups. Inflammatory response which was most prominent in the first group decreased within weeks. But in comparison with other groups, the difference was statistically not significant (p&gt;0.05). Squamous metaplasia, epithelial stratification and budding were formed by the first week; but no statistically significant increase was detected till the end of the 5th week (p&gt;0.05). Epithelial villous hypertrophy appeared in the second group and became significantly prominent during following weeks in other groups as well (p&lt;0.01). In conclusion, villous formations, budding, stratifications which are different forms of epithelial hyperplasia; and squamous metaplasia were observed in the nasal mucosa which exposed to thinner. So it was shown that thinner is harmful for the nasal mucosa as well as for the other organs of the respiratory system
Topographic landmarks in the evaluation of surgical time, morbidity and complications of tracheotomy
No full textThe Quality, Reliability, and Popularity of YouTube Education Videos for Vestibular Rehabilitation: A Cross-sectional Study
No full textThyroid Anatomy and Anatomical Complications of Thyroid Surgery [tiroid Anatomisi Ve Tiroid Cerrahisinin Anatomik Komplikasyonlari]
No full textThe thyroid gland is important and highly vascular endocrine gland, consists of right and left lobes. It is located anterior to the second and third tracheal cartilages. Usually there are two parathyroid glands on each side of the thyroid gland, but the total number varies between two and six. The arteries to the thyroid gland are the palred superior and inferior thyroid artery. The veins from the thyroid gland are the superior thyroid and the middle thyroid and the inferior thyroid arteries. The gland receives its innervation from sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The parasympathetic fibers are derived from the vagus and reach the gland via branches of the laryngeal nerves. The thyroid gland's relation to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve is of major surgical significance since damage to these nerves leads to a disability of phonation. Damage to this nerve leads to vocal cord paralysis on the same side. It is very important for the surgeon to carefully identify this nerve at the time of operation. Surgeons attempting operations on the thyroid gland must be well Informed on the anatomy of the neck, including the thyroid gland, its blood supply and its nerve supply, as well as its adjacent structures; the trachea, the larynx, the esophagus, and the parathyroid glands. Surgical treatment of the thyroid is performed to establish the diagnosis in a patient with a mass within the thyroid gland, to remove benign and malignant tumors, as therapy for thyrotoxicosis and to alleviate pressure symptoms attributable to the thyroid. The morbidity is about 13 percent when all complications, including those the most minor types, are considered. Four major complications classically have been associated with thyroidectomy
The Effect of Nasal Functions on the Integrity of Grafts after Myringoplasty
No full textAmaç: Çalışmamızın amacı nazal fonksiyonun miringoplasti sonrası intakt greft oluşumuna etkisinin belirlenmesidirObjective: We aimed to evaluate the effects of nasal functions for the integrity of grafts after myringoplasty.Methods: In our study 78 patients who underwent myringoplasty operation between 2011-2013 were included. Group I was defined as the group with an intact tympanic membrane following surgery. Group II was defined as the group with a tympanic membrane perforation following surgery. Group I consisted of 44 and Group II consisted of 34 patients. Subjective and objective measurements of nasal functions, Eustachian tube function (ETF), and allergic status were performed using nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scale, visual analog scale (VAS), and the score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR) questionnaires and acoustic rhinometry and saccharin test. It was investigated whether there was any difference between these two groups in terms of these parameter
The Effect of Nasal Functions on the Integrity of Grafts after Myringoplasty
No full textObjective: We aimed to evaluate the effects of nasal functions for the integrity of grafts after myringoplasty. Methods: In our study 78 patients who underwent myringoplasty operation between 2011-2013 were included. Group I was defined as the group with an intact tympanic membrane following surgery. Group II was defined as the group with a tympanic membrane perforation following surgery. Group I consisted of 44 and Group II consisted of 34 patients. Subjective and objective measurements of nasal functions, Eustachian tube function (ETF), and allergic status were performed using nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scale, visual analog scale (VAS), and the score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR) questionnaires and acoustic rhino-metry and saccharin test. It was investigated whether there was any difference between these two groups in terms of these parameters. Results: There was statistically no significant difference between groups according to the age, sex and the presence of tubal dysfunction and allergic rhinitis (p>0.05). In the group of intact tympanic membranes, the likelihood of right ear being the operated one was significantly higher compared to the group of myringoplasty failures (p=0.037). The VAS and NOSE scales did not show any significant difference between groups in terms of successful outcome of myringoplasty (p>0.05). The nasal congestion index (NCI) and the mucociliary clearance (MCC) did not show any significant difference between groups in terms of successful outcome of myringoplasty (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study has shown that nasal functions measured by objective and subjective methods had no effects on the success of myringoplasty
Topographic landmarks in the evaluation of surgical time,morbidity and complications of tracheotomy
No full textObjectives: This study aims to measure some topographic points and distances in the neck and investigate the effect of thesetopographic measurements on operative duration and complication rate.Patients and Methods: This observational prospective study included 65 patients (38 males, 27 females; mean age 66.1±12.1 years;range 23 to 85 years) who were performed conventional open tracheotomy Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospitalbetween May 2012 and July 2014. Patients’ age, gender and weight (body mass index), duration of the procedure, and peri- andpostoperative complications were recorded. Mentum (M)-suprasternal notch (SN) and cricoid cartilage (CC)-SN distances weremeasured with a measuring tape. Neck circumference was measured at the levels of CC and cricothyroid membrane.Results: Operative duration was significantly longer in obese patients compared to normal weight and overweight patients (p=0.002;p=0.026; p<0.05). Perioperative complication rate was significantly lower in normal weight patients than overweight and obesepatients (p=0.004; p<0.01). There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between the CC-SN distance and operativeduration (r=-0.431; p=0.001; p<0.01). M-SN distance was significantly shorter in patients with perioperative complications (p=0.003,p<0.01).Conclusion: According to the study results, operative duration lengthens and perioperative complication rate increases as theweight increases and the neck length shortens
Histological changes of rat soft palate with exposure to experimental laryngopharyngeal reflux
No full textObjective: The possible effects of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) on laryngeal and otologic disorders have been studied in the literature. There have been no reports explaining the possible effects of LPR on the soft palate. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the histopathologic changes in the rat soft palate using an experimental model of reflux. Subjects and methods: Eighteen healthy 200-220-g 20-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The animals were divided into three groups according to exposure time (1, 4, and 12 week exposures), and four rats were examined as controls who had undergone sham operation. An experimental model of gastroesophageal reflux was induced under general anesthesia. After exposure, the animals were sacrificed, and their soft palates were removed. The histopathological changes in the soft palates were observed under a light microscope. Results: Submucous gland hyperplasia, inflamation, subepithelial edema, vascular engorgement, muscular atrophy and dilated glandular excretory duct were compared among the groups. Submucous gland hyperplasia, subepithelial edema, inflammation, vascular engorgement, muscular atrophy and dilated glandular excretory duct were significantly different in the exposure groups compared with the control group. Conclusion: On the basis of histopathological evaluations, our findings suggest that reflux affects the soft palate, which suggests that these pathological changes may reflect the relationship between LPR and airway obstruction. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved
Mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients with tinnitus: a case-control study
No full textAbstract Introduction: Different theories have been proposed on the etiology of tinnitus, including metabolic and audiologic causes. We suggest that mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio levels change in tinnitus, indicating microcirculatory disturbance and inflammatory process in the etiopathogenesis of tinnitus. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients with tinnitus in comparison to healthy controls. Methods: Retrospective case-control study. Two-hundred and eighty-seven patients aged 18-59 years and diagnosed with tinnitus in the Ear, Nose, and Throat Clinic between December 2014 and May 2017 (patient group) and 275 healthy individuals who applied for a hearing screening within the same time period (control group). Demographics, concomitant diseases, laboratory results, and audiometric data were recorded. Mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were the outcome measures. Patients with hearing loss due to presbycusis or another reasons, and patients with anatomical disorders in the external and middle ear were excluded from the study by using physical examinations, pure audio audiometry results and radiological imaging. The upper age limit was set at 59 to exclude presbycusis patients. Results: The ratio of female patients was higher in patient group than control group (58.5%, n = 168 vs. 49.4%, n= 127; respectively; p = 0.033). The mean age of patient group was significantly higher than those of control group (44.89 ± 10.96 years and 38.37 ± 10.65 years, respectively; p = 0.001). The percentage of subjects with high mean platelet volume level was significantly higher in patient group than control group (9.4%, n = 27, and 3.1%, n = 8 respectively; p = 0.008). The mean neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was higher in patients with tinnitus than control group (1.95 ± 1.02 and 1.67 ±0.57, p = 0.012). A neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio level of 2.17 and above is associated with 1.991 times higher risk of tinnitus (odds ratio = 1.99, 95% confidence interval 1.31-3.02). Conclusion: High mean platelet volume and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio values are associated with idiopathic tinnitus, suggesting the role of vascular pathologies in etiology of tinnitus. Tinnitus may be a sign of underlying systemic or local disorders. Therefore, patients with tinnitus should undergo detailed evaluation including hematological indices.</div
