1,721,023 research outputs found
Corneal treatment with adipose derived stem cells
No full textPurpose: To evaluate the use of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSC) from human lipoaspirate for the treatment of corneal damage in animal models. Methods: The study included data from experiments performed in rats and mice from 2009 to present in Italy and Spain, which are currently underway. Cornea lesion and histological experiments were performed to determine the best animal chemical burn. Rats underwent chemical burn lesions; and mouse eyes underwent laser-induced corneal lesions. Animals were randomly assigned to control or groups treated with stem cells, or blood plasma serum, or adipose tissue. Clinical and histological assessments were compared between groups to determine biosafety, re-epithelization, immunogenicity and efficacy of human derived ADSC in treating epithelialand stromal wounds in animal corneas. Results: Rat eyes treated with stem cells, or serum, or stem cells plus serum showed significantly smaller defect areas at each time point when compared with the control and adipose groups. The stem cell-treated eyes showed faster wound healing with smaller defect areas at each time point when compared to contralateral control eyes (P<0.05). Whole layer epithelium regeneration was observed in all stem cell-treated eyes. The epithelium of the stem cell-treated eyes closely resembled the native corneal epithelium. With regards to the mouse experiments, the fluorescein positive corneal lesion area was significantly smaller in the stem cell groups than the control eyes (P<0.05); on the first and the second day. Histological assessment indicated that epithelium from the stem cell-treated eyes was similar to uninjured epithelium, composed of 4 to 5 layers of uniform and perfectly structured epithelial cells. Conclusion: ADSC obtained from human lipoaspirate enhanced corneal wound healing in animal models.
Corneal treatment with adipose derived stem cells. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280625956_Corneal_treatment_with_adipose_derived_stem_cells [accessed Nov 19, 2016]
Focus on limbal stem cell deficiency and limbal cell transplantation
Full text linkLimbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) causes severe vision impairment and can lead to blindness, representing one of the most challenging ocular surface disorders. Stem cell deficiency can be congenital or, more often, acquired. The categorization of ocular surface transplantation techniques is crucial to achieving treatment homogeneity and quality of care, according to the anatomic source of the tissue being transplanted, genetic source, autologous or allogenic transplantation (to reflect histocompatibility in the latter group), and cell culture and tissue engi neering techniques. The aim of this minireview is to provide a summary of the management of LSCD, from clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcomes to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. The manuscript also briefly summarizes recent findings in the current literature and outlines the future challenges to overcome in the management of the major types of ocular surface failure
Role of glioma stem cells in promoting tumor chemo- and radioresistance: A systematic review of potential targeted treatments
Full text linkBackground: Gliomas pose a significant challenge to effective treatment despite advancements in chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Glioma stem cells (GSCs), a subset within tumors, contribute to resistance, tumor heterogeneity, and plasticity. Recent studies reveal GSCs' role in therapeutic resistance, driven by DNA repair mechanisms and dynamic transitions between cellular states. Resistance mechanisms can involve different cellular pathways, most of which have been recently reported in the literature. Despite progress, targeted therapeutic approaches lack consensus due to GSCs' high plasticity. Aim: To analyze targeted therapies against GSC-mediated resistance to radio- and chemotherapy in gliomas, focusing on underlying mechanisms. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across major medical databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) up to September 30, 2023. The search strategy utilized relevant Medical Subject Heading terms and keywords related to including "glioma stem cells", "radiotherapy", "chemotherapy", "resistance", and "targeted therapies". Studies included in this review were publications focusing on targeted therapies against the molecular mechanism of GSC-mediated resistance to radiotherapy resistance (RTR). Results: In a comprehensive review of 66 studies on stem cell therapies for SCI, 452 papers were initially identified, with 203 chosen for full-text analysis. Among them, 201 were deemed eligible after excluding 168 for various reasons. The temporal breakdown of studies illustrates this trend: 2005-2010 (33.3%), 2011-2015 (36.4%), and 2016-2022 (30.3%). Key GSC models, particularly U87 (33.3%), U251 (15.2%), and T98G (15.2%), emerge as significant in research, reflecting their representativeness of glioma characteristics. Pathway analysis indicates a focus on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (27.3%) and Notch (12.1%) pathways, suggesting their crucial roles in resistance development. Targeted molecules with mTOR (18.2%), CHK1/2 (15.2%), and ATP binding cassette G2 (12.1%) as frequent targets underscore their importance in overcoming GSC-mediated resistance. Various therapeutic agents, notably RNA inhibitor/short hairpin RNA (27.3%), inhibitors (e.g., LY294002, NVP-BEZ235) (24.2%), and monoclonal antibodies (e.g., cetuximab) (9.1%), demonstrate versatility in targeted therapies. among 20 studies (60.6%), the most common effect on the chemotherapy resistance response is a reduction in temozolomide resistance (51.5%), followed by reductions in carmustine resistance (9.1%) and doxorubicin resistance (3.0%), while resistance to RTR is reduced in 42.4% of studies. Conclusion: GSCs play a complex role in mediating radioresistance and chemoresistance, emphasizing the necessity for precision therapies that consider the heterogeneity within the GSC population and the dynamic tumor microenvironment to enhance outcomes for glioblastoma patients
Herpes simplex keratitis: a brief clinical overview
Full text linkThe aim of our minireview is to provide a brief overview of the diagnosis, clinical aspects, treatment options, management, and current literature available regarding herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). This type of corneal viral infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), which can affect several tissues, including the cornea. One significant aspect of HSK is its potential to cause recurrent episodes of inflammation and damage to the cornea. After the initial infection, the HSV can establish a latent infection in the trigeminal ganglion, a nerve cluster near the eye. The virus may remain dormant for extended periods. Periodic reactivation of the virus can occur, leading to recurrent episodes of HSK. Factors triggering reactivation include stress, illness, immunosuppression, or trauma. Recurrent episodes can manifest in different clinical patterns, ranging from mild epithelial involvement to more severe stromal or endothelial disease. The severity and frequency of recurrences vary among individuals. Severe cases of HSK, especially those involving the stroma and leading to scarring, can result in vision impairment or even blindness in extreme cases. The cornea's clarity is crucial for good vision, and scarring can compromise this, potentially leading to visual impairment. The management of HSK involves not only treating acute episodes but also implementing long-term strategies to prevent recurrences and attempt repairs of corneal nerve endings via neurotization. Antiviral medications, such as oral Acyclovir or topical Ganciclovir, may be prescribed for prophylaxis. The immune response to the virus can contribute to corneal damage. Inflammation, caused by the body's attempt to control the infection, may inadvertently harm the corneal tissues. Clinicians should be informed about triggers and advised on measures to minimize the risk of reactivation. In summary, the recurrent nature of HSK underscores the importance of both acute and long-term management strategies to preserve corneal health and maintain optimal visual function
Stem cell therapy for retinal pigment epithelium disorders
No full textRetinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction is involved in the advancement of numerous degenerative retinal illnesses, such as age-related macular degeneration and hereditary retinal abnormalities. Transplantation of RPE produced from stem cells has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to restore retinal function and prevent vision loss. However, other obstacles impede its clinical application, including immunological rejection, cell viability, functional integration, and the necessity for consistent differentiation techniques. This review offers a thorough examination of the molecular processes regulating RPE integrity, investigates recent progress in stem cell-derived RPE therapeutics, and addresses significant challenges to their broad implementation. Furthermore, we emphasize prospective avenues intended to enhance the safety, efficacy, and enduring success of RPE transplantation in clinical environments
Modern blepharoplasty: From bench to bedside
No full textThe demand for procedures aiming to rejuvenate the upper third part of the face and the periocular region has increased in the past several years. Blepharoplasty is one of the most frequently performed procedures worldwide to date. Surgery is currently the first choice in order to achieve permanent and effective results; however, it is burdened by potential surgical complications feared by patients. There is an increasing trend in individuals to request less invasive, non-surgical, effective, and safe procedures for eyelid treatment. The aim of this minireview is to present a brief overview of non-surgical blepharoplasty techniques that have been reported in the literature in the past 10 years. Numerous modern techniques that provide a rejuvenation of the entire area have been described. Numerous less invasive methods have been proposed in the current literature and in modern-day routine clinical settings. Dermal fillers are a commonly chosen option for providing enhanced aesthetic results, especially considering that volume loss can be one of the main underlying causes of facial and periorbital aging. Deoxycholic acid use may be considered when the problem is represented by periorbital excess fat deposits. The simultaneous excess and loss of elasticity of the skin can be assessed with techniques such as lasers and plasma exeresis. Furthermore, techniques such as platelet-rich plasma injections and the insertion of twisted polydioxanone threads are emerging as viable methods to rejuvenate the periorbital region
Recent advances of adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for retinal diseases
Full text linkWith the rapid development of stem cell research in modern times, stem cell-based therapy has opened a new era of tissue regeneration, becoming one of the most promising strategies for currently untreatable retinal diseases. Among the various sources of stem cells, adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality due to their characteristics and multiple functions, which include immunoregulation, anti-apoptosis of neurons, cytokine and growth factor secretion, and antioxidative activities. Studies have shown that ADSCs can facilitate the replacement of dying cells, promote tissue remodeling and regeneration, and support the survival and growth of retinal cells. Recent studies in this field have provided numerous experiments using different preclinical models. The aim of our review is to provide an overview of the therapeutic strategies, modern-day clinical trials, experimental models, and potential clinical use of this fascinating class of cells in addressing retinal disorders and diseases
Current status and future perspectives on stem cell transplantation for spinal cord injury
Full text linkBackground: Previous assessments of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injuries (SCI) have encountered challenges and constraints. Current research primarily emphasizes safety in early-phase clinical trials, while systematic reviews prioritize effectiveness, often overlooking safety and translational feasibility. This situation prompts inquiries regarding the readiness for clinical adoption. Aim: To offer an up-to-date systematic literature review of clinical trial results con cerning stem cell therapy for SCI. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across major medical databases [PubMed, Embase, Reference Citation Analysis (RCA), and Cochrane Library] up to October 14, 2023. The search strategy utilized relevant Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and keywords related to "spinal cord", "injury", "clinical trials", "stem cells", "functional outcomes", and "adverse events". Studies included in this review consisted of randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials reporting on the use of stem cell therapies for the treatment of SCI. Results: In a comprehensive review of 66 studies on stem cell therapies for SCI, 496 papers were initially identified, with 237 chosen for full-text analysis. Among them, 236 were deemed eligible after excluding 170 for various reasons. These studies encompassed 1086 patients with varying SCI levels, with cervical injuries being the most common (42.2%). Bone marrow stem cells were the predominant stem cell type used (71.1%), with various administration methods. Follow-up durations averaged around 84.4 months. The 32.7% of patients showed functional impro vement from American spinal injury association Impairment Scale (AIS) A to B, 40.8% from AIS A to C, 5.3% from AIS A to D, and 2.1% from AIS B to C. Sensory improvements were observed in 30.9% of patients. A relatively small number of adverse events were recorded, including fever (15.1%), headaches (4.3%), muscle tension (3.1%), and dizziness (2.6%), highlighting the potential for SCI recovery with stem cell therapy. Conclusion: In the realm of SCI treatment, stem cell-based therapies show promise, but clinical trials reveal potential adverse events and limitations, underscoring the need for meticulous optimization of transplantation conditions and parameters, caution against swift clinical implementation, a deeper understanding of SCI pathophysiology, and addressing ethical, tumorigenicity, immunogenicity, and immunotoxicity concerns before gradual and careful adoption in clinical practice
Retinoscopes: past and present
Full text linkBackground: Retinoscopy is arguably the most important method in the eye clinic for diagnosing and managing refractive errors. Advantages of retinoscopy include its non-invasive nature, ability to assess patients of all ages, and usefulness in patients with limited cooperation or communication skills. Aim: To discuss the history of retinoscopes and examine current literature on the subject. Methods: A search was conducted on the PubMed and with the reference citation analysis (https://www.referencecitationanalysis.com) database using the term "Retinoscopy," with a range restricted to the last 10 years (2013-2023). The search string algorithm was: "Retinoscopy" (MeSH Terms) OR "Retinoscopy" (All Fields) OR "Retinoscopes" (All Fields) AND [(All Fields) AND 2013: 2023 (pdat)]. Results: This systematic review included a total of 286 records. Publications reviewed iterations of the retinoscope into autorefractors, infrared photo retinoscope, television retinoscopy, and the Wifi enabled digital retinoscope. Conclusion: The retinoscope has evolved significantly since its discovery, with a significant improvement in its diagnostic capabilities. While it has advantages such as non-invasiveness and broad applicability, limitations exist, and the need for skilled interpretation remains. With ongoing research, including the integration of artificial intelligence, retinoscopy is expected to continue advancing and playing a vital role in eye care
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