1,721,834 research outputs found
ALCUNE CONSIDERAZIONI SULL'INTERVENTO DI PULITURA E SULL'IMPIEGO DEL LASER NELLA CONSERVAZIONE DEI BENI CULTURALI
No full textMaterials and methodologies for the conservation of outdoor contemporary mural paintings
No full textOutdoor public art and painted murals, in particular, can improve the city's environment, bring communities
together and deepen public understanding of community identity and culture1. Due to this important social role, murals are subjected to conservative actions through various and still under discussion methodologies since these artworks are not juridically defined as cultural heritage and, therefore, subjected to the current guidelines for traditional mural paintings. These interventions lead to different results regarding many
variables: the painting techniques, the substrate layer typology, the environmental conditions, the materials used for the interventions, etc. This research aims to investigate the durability of conservative interventions, particularly for surface protection and consolidation, carried out with different materials and applied methods on murals located in urban, rural and mountain environments and prepared with various painting materials and techniques. Crossing these data allows us to individuate the best procedures for the different scenarios and, eventually, to modify the properties of already used materials to make them more suitable for specific
situations. Non-invasive in situ surveys and analyses, such as optical microscope, Raman spectroscopy and
multi-spectral analyses, are used 2 to evaluate the current state of conservation of the murals and a database has been built to collect all the information, including the climatic conditions after the interventions in each case study analyzed.
Thanks to the collaboration of municipalities, foundations, and restorers involved in the maintenance and
valorization of modern murals, it has been possible to collect a lot of information and access numerous case studies in very different environmental conditions3,4,5 and contribute to the suitable and durable preservation of this most important kind of art.
References:
(1) Cadetti, A. Conservare La Street Art. Le Problematiche Del Muralismo Contemporaneo in Italia; edifir - Edizioni
Firenze, 2020.
(2) Zendri, E.; Falchi, L.; Izzo, F. C.; Morabito, Z.M.; Driussi, G. A review of common NDTs in the monitoring and preservation of historical architectural surfaces, in Int. Jour. Arch. Herit., 2017, vol. 11, pp. 987-1004 (3) Grandi, P.; Grandi, F. #MURODIPINTODOZZA MURALES; 2017; Vol. XXVI Biennale Muro Dipinto di Dozza.
(4) Fondazione Štěpán Zavřel; Ferri, A. Tra i Borghi Incantati Di Sàrmede - L’eredità Di Štěpán Zavřel; I AM Edizioni, 2018.
(5) Zuccon, A., Coltro, P., Cibiana di Cadore. I «murales» raccontano la sua storia, 2003, Vianello Libri Ed
Christian Zendri. Pierre Gregoire tra «leges » e «mores » . Ricerche sulla pubblicistica francese del tardo Cinquecento.
No full textCazals Géraldine. Christian Zendri. Pierre Gregoire tra «leges » e «mores » . Ricerche sulla pubblicistica francese del tardo Cinquecento.. In: Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. 2009, tome 167, livraison 2. pp. 563-565
Valorizzare, preservare e conoscere mentre si scava. Il progetto Torcello 2012, attività pilota tra Archeologia e Archeometria
No full textDairy farming systems and environment in mountainous areas
No full textFor several decades, the practice of farming in mountain areas has played a key role to the proper management of the landscape, the conservation of the biodiversity as well as the soil protection. Moreover, it has significantly contributed to the protection of those areas from avalanches and fires, while at the same time it keeps reinforcing the local economy, thereby acting as a counterweight to abandonment. The mountain animal husbandry is by definition multifunctional and multidisciplinary. In fact, mountainous farming consists of a complex and dynamic system. The harmony and the balance between human activities and nature requires some of the most precious human skills, like patience, self-abnegation, endurance to handiwork and frugality, to name some, but above all, love for mother nature. These are characteristics that ensure continuity and vitality of the mountain for both humans and the surrounding nature. In Italy, almost half of the total land is classified as mountainous (47.5%). Nevertheless, farmers in mountainous regions (representing 30.9% of the national total) face several limitations. These limitations, linked to the existence of natural handicaps, cannot be easily overcome with investments. For example, in mountains the average temperatures are lower, resulting in shorter vegetative period. Moreover, the excessive fractionation, the major gradients and roughness of the lands and at the same time the lower fertility of soils, create the need for special machinery (often more expensive than those used in mainland farms) as well as increased labor and extra inputs for the farms. These factors can lead to a lower land (and consequently farm) productivity, which can be translated into a limited competitiveness of the mountain farms, compared to mainland. In addition, the difficulty of access and the distance of individual dairy farms from the lowland as well as the fewer processing facilities and their small size, create higher transportation costs and lower economies of scale.
Thus, the overall objective of this thesis was to verify some parameters of sustainability that are of great importance for animal husbandry in the mountain areas. The province of Trento was selected as a model area for this type of research. More precisely, we have analyzed the relationship between dairy farms and management of the Alpine pastures, in the light of the environmental value of semi-natural grasslands. The first and second contributions are related to this goal. In the last part a survey was carried out to assess the environmental footprint of dairy farms of Trento province, focusing on innovative aspects of nutrition and management of the animals bred.
More specifically, the goal of the first contribution was to analyze the role of the mountain livestock sector. At a first step, data were collected from the Veterinary Services of the province concerning the structures and the management of 395 Alpine summer pastures either with cattle (83 with only heifers and 262 including dairy cows) or sheep and goats (50 summer pastures). All the heifers and more than one third of dairy cows that kept on permanent farms of the province were brought to the temporary farms on the Alpine pastures during the summer season, with a frequency greater for cows of local and dual purpose breeds than specialized breeds (e.g. Holstein Friesian). Of the 610 permanent dairy farms associated with the Provincial Federation of Farmers, we have analyzed the differences between the dairy farms that move/do not move the lactating cows to Alpine summer pastures: i.e. the traditional dairy farms (small and medium size), with tied stall, local breeds and with low productivity, frequently using the summer pasture were compared to modern dairy farms of the same province. Results showed that the practice of transhumance to summer pasture has an important role for the dairy sector of Trento province, although the farmers changed the reasons why they choose to move the animals. In fact, the role of grazing as production support in the summer is relevant just for the traditional small and medium dairy farms, while in all cases it is important to access public subsidies that are undifferentiated between lactating cows, dry cows and replacement. The study displayed the fact that there is still the need to maintain the link between dairy farms and Alpine pastures, giving particular attention to the quality of the pasture management and the multi-functionality of services that can be provided by mountain farms.
The second part aimed in evaluating the effect of pasturing of dairy cows on milk yield and quality. To this purpose, a many of traits was considered. Body Condition Score (BCS), milk production and quality, milk coagulation properties, different set of parameters and information relating to dairy processing were recorded and analyzed. In total, date regarding 799 lactating cows were collected and analyzed during 2012 from 15 temporary farms on Alpine summer pastures located in the region of Trentino. The cows were reared in 109 permanent dairy farms. Effects of the breed, parity and days in milk were taken into account. The effects of Alpine summer pasture, and in particular of the amount of compound feed given to cows, were also considered. Information was gathered not only during the period that the cows spent at the Alpine summer pasture, but also before and after the alpine season, with the objective to evaluate the changes due to the environmental changes. Results showed that the summer transhumance had an effect more or less relevant in determining a decrease in production, but also depending upon the breed. Specialized breeds, with higher production levels in permanent dairy farms, suffer a greater drop in production than the local and dual purpose breeds. This was somehow expected, since local breeds have a greater adaptability and lower nutrients requirements.
Even the body condition score has been strongly influenced from the summer Alpine pasture. A decline in the first phase of the pastures and a subsequent recovery at the end of the pasture period was observed. Differences between breeds existed, with those specialized breeds showing a greater decrease in body condition.
After the return from the Alpine pastures a decline in the percentage of fat content in milk (more evident in specialized breeds) was observed, while the protein content remained constant. Regarding the technological properties of milk, significant differences were found with the change of environment (after the reaching of temporary summer farms and after the return to permanent farms). The major differences for lactodynamographic properties as well as the individual cheese yields were observed between June and September. In summary, this work highlighted the better adaptation of local and dual purpose breeds in the Alpine environment and their good performance under environmental changes as well as the special conditions of the farming system in summer pasture.
The last part of this thesis aimed to evaluate the environmental footprint of mountain dairy cattle farms. The study was conducted in a specific area of the Province of Trento. Data were collected from 38 dairy cattle farms of mixed breeds using different farming systems. Data on the general farm management, diet, the production performance, the agronomic management of the surfaces, the management of waste, and the energy consumption were collected. A specific questionnaire was developed and tested to this purpose. This specific questionnaire could also be used for further investigation in mountain region.
The above mentioned data were used to calculate the carbon footprint of the herds using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The study included the entire product life, i.e. from production of raw materials and their processing till the final product (the functional unit was the kilogram of milk). All the inputs and outputs associated to the functional unit were taken into account. Three categories of environmental impact of the farms were considered: i) carbon footprint (contribution to the production of greenhouse gases), ii) acidification and iii) eutrophication.
The values obtained for the three impact categories had large variability, with mean and standard deviation equal to 1.46 ± 0.58 kg for CO2 equivalent (eq), 27.18 ± 8.34 g for SO2 eq. and 7.91 ± 2.31 g for PO43- eq. per kg of milk (fat and protein corrected). The values obtained are comparable with previous studies carried out in mountain areas. The overall impact was divided between on-farm and off-farm components, and was shared according to mass allocation between milk and meat. Analysis of variance showed that the considered effects of housing (free vs fixed) and feed administration (traditional vs TMR), even if appeared statistically significant for some traits, slightly affected the high variability of the impact categories that can be observed among different dairy farms of the same group. This means that there are margins to mitigate the impact and increase the efficiency of farms with different structures and management.
Overall, the results of the present thesis provided with some interesting insights on the sustainability assessment of dairy farming systems in mountainous areas, adopting innovative methodological approaches. Looking ahead, the results obtained from experimental approaches could be expanded on a large pool of dairy farms to identify the indicators of reference for the evaluation of the sustainability and multi-functionality of mountain farms
Dalla conoscenza dei materiali all’autenticazione delle opere
No full textGathered together in this paper are some considerations relating to the fundamental contribution
of scientific investigation in the authentication of works of art and of paintings, in particular. The
importance of an in-depth knowledge of artistic techniques in addition to suitable instrumentation
is also emphasised. Taking into account the numerous case studies reported in the scientific literature,
it will be important to collect all the information in an ad-hoc database, to be shared between the
laboratories involved in authentication procedures
Volviendo a empezar
No full textUna niña que debe mudarse con su familia de cuidad, y se encuentra con ciertos miedos al tener que pasar por algo nuevo, como hacerse amigos. Hasta que conoce una nueva amiga.Escritores: Rementeira, Maria mercedes
Ilustrador/Estudiante: Di Pietro Zendri, Teresa
Docente coordinador: Ribeiro, Maisa Mora
Área: Comunicación Visual
Institución Beneficiara seleccionada: Punta Arco Iris . Punta Lara. EnsenadaFacultad de Arte
- …
