60 research outputs found
a case of Pakistan
No full textThesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Development Policy,2015The sluggish growth and rising unemployment is an alarming situation for policy makers to come up with some crucial policy measures to get rid of the problem. The present study was conducted to investigate the relative effect of both fiscal and monetary policy on nominal GDP. The famous St. Louis equation was used with Newey and West test to examine the policy response for the period of 1972-2013. The empirical evidences suggested that the relative effect of fiscal policy as compared to monetary policy is higher. Further, the study also used an interaction term with dummy variable to estimate the relative impact of both policies in recession. Our findings confirmed that fiscal policy has larger relative effect over monetary policy whether there is recession or not. We assumed that the dictatorship regime is the key determinant for higher relative effect of fiscal policy over monetary policy on nominal GDP. Therefore, on the basis of our findings, we may not only recommend to use fiscal instrument as a policy tool to surmount the recession and generate job opportunities for people adding into labor force annually but also the country needs to conduct independent monetary policymasterpublishedZeeshan INAM
Laser welding of polypropylene using two different sources
No full textIn this paper, laser weldability of neutral polypropylene has been investigated using fibre and carbon dioxide lasers. A design of experiment (DoE) was conducted in order to establish the influence of the main working parameters on the welding strength of the two types of laser. The welded samples were characterized by carrying out visual and microscopic inspection for the welding morphology and cross-section, and by distinguishing the tensile strength. The resulting weld quality was investigated by means of optical microscopy at weld cross-sections. The tensile strength of butt-welded materials was measured and compared to that of a corresponding bulk material
Folio
No full textNasir, M. Umar-Essay-Social Deterioration: A Direct Consequence of Work Dishonesty. pp. 1-2; Nisar Ahmed-Essay-Equality and Harmony. pp. 3-4; Shahzad Munawar-Essay-Importance of Ethics and Values. pp. 5-6; Akhtar, S. Mohsin-Father Abraham, have mercy upon us... pp. 7-12; Sobia Kiran-Essay-On Ethics. pp. 13-15; Irshad Ali Rana-Blood Menace. pp. 16-17; Arsalaan Naveed-Essay-The Seeing, See Little. pp. 18-19; Omer Javed Pal-Essay-Personal Values. pp. 20; Dr.Naseem Riaz-Essay-Of Plagiarism. pp. 21-22; Nawazish Ali-Essay-Kindness. pp. 23; Salman Rafi-Essay-Responsibility and Criticism. pp. 24; Zainab Mohsin-Essay-Psychological Problems Faced by Women in Pakistan. pp. 25; Omer Habib-The Invisible Cage. pp. 26; Arooj Waheed-A Quest for Identity. pp. 27; Zishan Fida-Essay-Importance of Education. pp. 29-30; Naqwi, Z. H.-Article-English in the Indian Sub-Continent. pp. 31-37; Johnson, Robert A.-Article-What is a Liberal Arts Education? pp. 38-43; Waseem Anwar-Article-In Search of... A Tradition and A Talent... of Our Own! pp. 44-47; Zeeshan Fida-Essay-Education, Development, and Individual Freedom. pp. 48; Riaz Akbar-Essay-The Age of Political Ideologies. pp. 49-50; Saba Shahid-Essay-The Power of Thinking. pp. 51-52; Usman Khalid-Essay-Technology Vs Nature. pp. 53; Imran Bashir-Essay-White Cane Safety Day. pp. 54-55; Amna Mehreen-Essay-Global Warming-Warning? pp. 56-57; Muhammad Asad-Essay-Who Would Save Our EARTH? pp. 58; Benjamin, S. E.-Essay-Where am I in the Midst of Chemistry? A Glimpse. pp. 59-60; Ashraf, C. M.-Essay-Nutrition, Food and Health in a Triangular Relationship. pp. 61-63; Pervez Hoodbhoy-Essay-Opening Minds with Science in Pakistan. pp. 64-66; Jahanzaib Aslam-Time. pp. 67; Fatima Arif-Man is not his own Worst Enemy. pp. 68-69; Zeeshan Zaighum-Setting the Beauty standards. pp. 70; Nouraiz Ahmed-Do you have Free Will? pp. 71-72; Asif Hussain-Essay-Reflections on the Hannah Arendt's Human Condition. pp. 73-74; Adil Aleem-Essay-Is Modern Civilization a Failure? pp. 75; Fraz Mehmood-To Love and To Work. pp. 76; Luqman Saeed-Essay-Individualistic Approach. pp. 77; Bilkis Hussain-Memories. pp. 78; Omer Habib-Creations Never Die. pp. 79; Haider F. Halim-Essay-No Country for Free Men. pp. 80-81; Sannah Waqar-Essay-Peer Pressure. pp. 82; Nasrullah K. Niazi-Why Not Politics. pp. 83; Zuhair Shabbir-Beauty. pp. 84; Nanees Athar-Essay-Post Colonialism. pp. 85; Salamat-Article-Forman Christian College and the Creation of Pakistan. pp. 87-89; Arif Qureshi-Article-The Quaid-e-Azam, The Titan of Statesmanship. pp. 90-98; Riaz Akbar-Essay-Twentieth Century: The Emancipating Century! pp. 99-100; Usman Zamurd-Essay-The Will of M.A. Jinnah. pp. 101; Inam Daudi-Essay-Universal Suffrage, Rightfully Wrong. pp. 102; Danish Islam-Memoirs of Public Transport. pp. 103-104; Rehan Mahmood-FC through My Eyes. pp. 105; Salman Rafi-Chemistry of Love. pp. 106-107; Sohaib Zaheer-The Effects of Overeating. pp. 108; Azzam Saddique-The Wannabe Syndrome. pp. 109-110; Cartoons. pp. 111-116; Ahmad Javed-Story-Death's Jester. pp. 117-118; Hafiz S. Rasheed-Story-Five Rupees Only. pp. 119-120; Azhar Naseer-Story-Faith. pp. 121-123; Zahra Zafar-Story-Loved you, loves you, will always love you. pp. 124-126; Faiqa-Story-Once I Had A Magic Carpet. pp. 127; Usman Khalid-Story-Waking Up. pp. 128; Syed Aun Iman-Story-The Stranger. pp. 129; Meerab Abdia-Story-Razia's Story. pp. 130-131; Fawzia Afzal-Poetry-Smokescreen. pp. 132; Waseem Anwar-Poetry-Some days...are slow... pp. 132; Jahanzaib Aslam-Poetry-An Idea. pp. 133; Iqbal, M. Haider-Poetry-Birth of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). pp. 133; Adil Aleem-Poetry-Demise of Life. pp. 134; Raja Nausherwan-Poetry-Fading Memories. pp. 134; Sindhu, M.Y.-Poetry-A Tribute to Dr. Tebbe. pp. 135; Safa Aleem-Poetry-Ambivalence. pp. 135; Sadia Nawaz-Poetry-An Elegy. pp. 136; Raja Sufiyan-Poetry-Final Cut. pp. 136; Muhammad Fahad Raza-Poetry-God Almighty. pp. 137; Hafiza Madiha Sadiq-Poetry-Ya Allah. pp. 137; Nabiha Jaffery-Poetry-Impossible. pp. 138; Nada Ashfaq-Poetry-Life. pp. 138; Komal Tariq-Poetry-Loath. pp. 139; Ahmad Javed-Poetry-May. pp. 139; Sobia Kiran-Poetry-Love. pp. 140; Maryam Azhar-Poetry-My Crime? pp. 141; Nauman Ahmad-Poetry-My Dear Friend. pp. 141; Usman Khalid-Poetry-My Valentine. pp. 142; Omer Chattha-Poetry-Palestinians, the Defeated Patriots. pp. 143; Anam Khalid-Poetry-Mend My Broken Heart. pp. 144; Ahmad Javaid-Poetry-Teaching Angel. pp. 144; Sadia Khalid-Poetry-That is the Life. pp. 145; Nabiha Jaffery-Poetry-The Queen of Night. pp. 145; Sadia Riaz-Poetry-To Live Forever. pp. 146; Salma Muazaffar-Poetry-Unforgettable Days. pp. 146; Samson Munawar-Poetry-Guess Me. pp. 147; Ahmad-O the Glorious Sun. pp. 147; Arif Qureshi-Poetry-Autumn. pp. 148; Aneela Gill-Poetry-Trust. pp. 148; Fareeha Quyyum-Poetry-Ultimate End. pp. 149; Hafiza Madiha Sadiq-Poetry-Science in My Eyes. pp. 149; Sadia Nawaz-Poetry-Anglo-Saxon. pp. 150; Arif Qureshi-Poetry-Blooming Flowers. pp. 150; Danish Islam-Poetry-There is No Such Thing As. pp. 151; Iqbal, M. Haider-Poetry-The Invincible. pp. 151; Ahmad Farooq-Poetry-Fairy Land. pp. 152; Bilkis Hussain-Poetry-How did it Get So Late So Soon? pp. 152; Aneeq Badar-Poetry-I wish to Die. pp. 153; Beenish Fatima-Poetry-My Love. pp. 153; Omer Habib-Interview with Justice (Retd.) Wajeeh Ud Din. pp. 155-156; Interview with Muhammad Yousuf. pp. 157-158; Sallah-ud-Din-Reminiscence. pp. 159; Once a Formanite... Always a Formanite. pp. 160-161; Shahid Hassan-Pakistan's Economy. pp. 162-163; Adeel Riaz-Fulbrighters share their American Experience. pp. 164-169; Aftab Nasir-My Experience. pp. 170-171; Tabeeta Abida-Article-Reflection on Regional Capacity Building (RBC) Training. pp. 172; Asif Hussain-At FC College, We Feel at Home. pp. 173-174; Annual Reports. pp. 175-176; Azzam Saddique-Folio Survey. pp. 177-178; Folio [Urdu]. 120 p.Editorial Board (English). before the Editorial; Cartoons on 6 pages. after page 110; Justice (Retd.) Wajeeh Ud Din. after page 156; Muhammad Yousuf. before page 157; Offices. after page 179; Convocation. after page 179; Alumni. after page 179; Alumni. after page 179; Alumni. after page 179; Sports. after page 179; Sports. after page 179; Sports. after page 179; Sports. after page 179; Societies. after page 179; Societies. after page 179; Societies. after page 179; Societies. after page 179; Societies. after page 179; Festival. after page 179; Music. after page 179; Drama. after page 179; Campus Life. after page 179; Campus Life. after page 179; Campus Life. after page 179; Interview with Dr Anwar Sajjad. after page 6 (Urdu section); Editorial Board (Urdu). before contents page (Urdu section
Interaction between population and Enviromental Degradation
No full textThe present study investigates the long-run interrelationship among the demographic variables and environmental indicators by using the Johansen-Juselius cointegration technique and error correction model to determine the short-run dynamics of the system related to time series data for Pakistan economy, over the period 1972–2001. The paper finds the existence of a cointegrating vector, indicating a valid long-run relationship among the variables. Moreover, demographic variables have a significant effect in the short-run on AL but their short-run coefficients have an insignificant impact on CO2 emission. The empirical evidence clearly support that high population growth rates have a deleterious impact on environment. The policy implication thereof is to enhance the need of lowering population in Pakistan which seems to be a burden on the existing resources and a challenge to the environment.
Development of a numerical methodology for flowforming process simulation of complex geometry tubes
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2017 Author(s).Nowadays, the incremental flowforming process is widely explored because of the usage of complex tubular products is increasing due to the light-weighting trend and the use of expensive materials. The enhanced mechanical properties of finished parts combined with the process efficiency in terms of raw material and energy consumption are the key factors for its competitiveness and sustainability, which is consistent with EU industry policy. As a promising technology, additional steps for extending the existing flowforming limits in the production of tubular products are required. The objective of the present research is to further expand the current state of the art regarding limitations on tube thickness and diameter, exploring the feasibility to flowform complex geometries as tubes of elevated thickness of up to 60 mm. In this study, the analysis of the backward flowforming process of 7075 aluminum tubular preform is carried out to define the optimum process parameters, machine requirements and tooling geometry as demonstration case. Numerical simulation studies on flowforming of thin walled tubular components have been considered to increase the knowledge of the technology. The calculation of the rotational movement of the mesh preform, the high ratio thickness/length and the thermomechanical condition increase significantly the computation time of the numerical simulation model. This means that efficient and reliable tools able to predict the forming loads and the quality of flowformed thick tubes are not available. This paper aims to overcome this situation by developing a simulation methodology based on FEM simulation code including new strategies. Material characterization has also been performed through tensile test to able to design the process. Finally, to check the reliability of the model, flowforming tests at industrial environment have been developed.Peer reviewe
Material saving by means of CWR technology using optimization techniques
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2017 Author(s).Material saving is currently a must for the forging companies, as material costs sum up to 50% for parts made of steel and up to 90% in other materials like titanium. For long products, cross wedge rolling (CWR) technology can be used to obtain forging preforms with a suitable distribution of the material along its own axis. However, defining the correct preform dimensions is not an easy task and it could need an intensive trial-and-error campaign. To speed up the preform definition, it is necessary to apply optimization techniques on Finite Element Models (FEM) able to reproduce the material behaviour when being rolled. Meta-models Assisted Evolution Strategies (MAES), that combine evolutionary algorithms with Kriging meta-models, are implemented in FORGE® software and they allow reducing optimization computation costs in a relevant way. The paper shows the application of these optimization techniques to the definition of the right preform for a shaft from a vehicle of the agricultural sector. First, the current forging process, based on obtaining the forging preform by means of an open die forging operation, is showed. Then, the CWR preform optimization is developed by using the above mentioned optimization techniques. The objective is to reduce, as much as possible, the initial billet weight, so that a calculation of flash weight reduction due to the use of the proposed preform is stated. Finally, a simulation of CWR process for the defined preform is carried out to check that most common failures (necking, spirals,.) in CWR do not appear in this case.The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union´s Seventh Framework Program, managed by REA-Research Executive Agency (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 606171 FP7-SME-2013-1 (CoVaForm). The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Program, managed by REA-Research Executive Agency (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 606171 FP7-SME-2013-1 (CoVaForm).Peer reviewe
Point, surface and volumetric heat sources in the thermal modelling of selective laser melting
No full textSelective laser melting (SLM) is a powder based additive manufacturing technique suitable for producing high precision metal parts. However, distortions and residual stresses within products arise during SLM because of the high temperature gradients created by the laser heating. Residual stresses limit the load resistance of the product and may even lead to fracture during the built process. It is therefore of paramount importance to predict the level of part distortion and residual stress as a function of SLM process parameters which requires a reliable thermal modelling of the SLM process. Consequently, a key question arises which is how to describe the laser source appropriately. Reasonable simplification of the laser representation is crucial for the computational efficiency of the thermal model of the SLM process. In this paper, first a semi-analytical thermal modelling approach is described. Subsequently, the laser heating is modelled using point, surface and volumetric sources, in order to compare the influence of different laser source geometries on the thermal history prediction of the thermal model. The present work provides guidelines on appropriate representation of the laser source in the thermal modelling of the SLM process.Computational Design and Mechanic
Computationally efficient thermal-mechanical modelling of selective laser melting
No full textThe Selective laser melting (SLM) is a powder based additive manufacturing (AM) method to produce high density metal parts with complex topology. However, part distortions and accompanying residual stresses deteriorates the mechanical reliability of SLM products. Modelling of the SLM process is anticipated to be instrumental for understanding and predicting the development of residual stress field during the build process. However, SLM process modelling requires determination of the heat transients within the part being built which is coupled to a mechanical boundary value problem to calculate displacement and residual stress fields. Thermal models associated with SLM are typically complex and computationally demanding. In this paper, we present a simple semi-analytical thermal-mechanical model, developed for SLM that represents the effect of laser scanning vectors with line heat sources. The temperature field within the part being build is attained by superposition of temperature field associated with line heat sources in a semi-infinite medium and a complimentary temperature field which accounts for the actual boundary conditions. An analytical solution of a line heat source in a semi-infinite medium is first described followed by the numerical procedure used for finding the complimentary temperature field. This analytical description of the line heat sources is able to capture the steep temperature gradients in the vicinity of the laser spot which is typically tens of micrometers. In turn, semi-analytical thermal model allows for having a relatively coarse discretisation of the complimentary temperature field. The temperature history determined is used to calculate the thermal strain induced on the SLM part. Finally, a mechanical model governed by elastic-plastic constitutive rule having isotropic hardening is used to predict the residual stresses.Computational Design and Mechanic
Designing new practices of transformative urbanism: an experiment in Toronto
No full textThe increasing complexity, rapid change, and often unpredictable outcomes of city-design-and-building processes demand new modes of practice that are responsive and adaptive to the specifics of such changing contexts in the twenty-first century. These include open-ended outcomes, rather than rigid and predictable products, that emerge out of interactions with a specific context, specific communities and specific interactive processes. This article describes how we can design such new practices of transformative urbanism, derived largely—but not exclusively—from the innovation, resourcefulness and collective creativeness of informal urbanisms. To illustrate such new practices of transformative urbanism, the author describes an experiment in the city of Toronto undertaken as a partnership between the residents of the Thorncliffe Park neighborhood and urbanists from the University of Toronto. The article concludes by describing several promising results of the experiment
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