1,721,086 research outputs found
PKC-β activation and pharmacologically induced weight gain during antipsychotic treatment
No full textAtypical antipsychotics (APDs) are now the most widely used drugs in the treatment of several mental disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and other severe behavioral disturbances [1]. Thanks to great patient benefits such as the reduction of serious side effects, for example extrapyramidal symptoms, including tardive dyskinesia and heart arrhythmias [2], APDs are replacing the traditional antipsychotics, butyrophenones and phenothiazines
Regenerative Medicine: Role of Stem Cells and Innovative Biomaterials 2.0
No full text: Regenerative medicine has constantly increased its field of influence over the last few years [...]
Graphene in Regenerative Medicine: Focus on Stem Cells and Neuronal Differentiation.
No full textEmerging graphene-based materials offer numerous opportunities to design novel scaffolds for neural tissue engineering. Graphene is a promising candidate due to its superior topographical, chemical, and electrical cues compared with conventional biomaterials. Here we examine the state of the art in graphene-based materials science for the neurodifferentiation of stem cells
In vitro reconstructed tissues on hyaluronan-based temporary scaffolding
No full textTissue engineering offers the possibility to reconstruct tissue substitutes in order to replace lost or damaged tissues. The availability of appropriate biomaterial devices is essential to allow in vitro cultured cells to behave as in the original tissues in vivo. In our studies we utilized a seminatural biomaterial made up by the benzyl ester of hyaluronan to grow keratinocytes, fibroblasts and chondrocytes. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts were isolated from human foreskin. Cells were separately cultured on two different hyaluronan based biomaterial devices for the first 15 days and then co-cultured for an additional period of 2 weeks. Keratinocytes gave rise to a well-differentiated epithelial layer, while fibroblasts were able to synthesize all the main extracellular molecules inside the biomaterial spaces, forming dermal-like tissues. When these two tissues were co-cultured, a skin equivalent was formed with a dermal-epidermal junction. Chondrocytes were obtained from chick-embryo sterna and cultured for 21 days inside a non-woven scaffolding made up of a hyaluronan-based biomaterial. Cells were able to organize themselves into nodules embedded in a dense metachromatic substance in which type II collagen was present. Data from this study suggest that this novel class of hyaluronan derived biomaterials is suitable for different cell culture and in vitro tissue reconstruction.Tissue engineering offers the possibility to reconstruct tissue substitutes in order to replace lost or damaged tissues. The availability of appropriate biomaterial devices is essential to allow in vitro cultured cells to behave as in the original tissues in vivo. In our studies we utilized a seminatural biomaterial made up by the benzyl ester of hyaluronan to grow keratinocytes, fibroblasts and chondrocytes. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts were isolated from human foreskin. Cells were separately cultured on two different hyaluronan based biomaterial devices for the first 15 days and then co-cultured for an additional period of 2 weeks. Keratinocytes gave rise to a well-differentiated epithelial layer, while fibroblasts were able to synthesize all the main extracellular molecules inside the biomaterial spaces, forming dermal-like tissues. When these two tissues were co-cultured, a skin equivalent was formed with a dermal-epidermal junction. Chondrocytes were obtained from chick-embryo st..
Albumin-impregnated bone granules modulate the interactions between mesenchymal stem cells and monocytes under in vitro inflammatory conditions
No full textBone regeneration around newly implanted biomaterials is a complex process, which in its early phases involves the interactions between Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and immune cells. The response of these cells to the biomaterial depends both on the local microenvironment and on the characteristics of the inserted bone substitute. In this work, bone allografts impregnated with albumin are loaded with a co-culture of human MSCs and monocytes; bone granules without albumin are used for comparison. Co-cultures are contextually treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines to simulate the inflammatory milieu naturally present during the bone regeneration process. As revealed by microscopic images, albumin-impregnated bone granules promote adhesion and interactions between cells populations. Compared to control granules, albumin coating diminishes reactive species production by cells. This reduced oxidative stress may be attributable to antioxidant properties of albumin, and it is also reflected in the mitigated gene expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, where most intracellular reactive molecules are generated. MSCs-monocytes co-cultured onto albumin-impregnated bone granules additionally release higher amounts of immunomodulatory cytokines and growth factors. In summary, this work demonstrates that impregnation of bone granules with albumin positively modulates the interactions between MSCs and immune cells, consequently influencing their mutual activities and immunomodulatory functions
New step forward in the understanding of Fluorescent Light Emission (FLE) effect on wound healing
No full textGland cell cultures into 3D hyaluronan-based scaffolds
No full textIn this study we report a preliminary investigation of the feasibility of non-woven/sponge fabrics of a hyaluronan derived biomaterials (benzyl ester of HA (HYAFF-11 FAB, Abano Terme, Italy) for the in vitro culture of rat hepatocytes and rat beta cells. Cell growth on hyaluronan derived biomaterials were tested in the presence of complete medium and in the presence of ECM (extracellular matrix) secreted by fibroblasts previously cultured into the scaffold. Hepatocytes and beta cells were extracted from rat liver/pancreas and seeded either on the HYAFF-11 scaffold alone, or on HYAFF-11 scaffold containing ECM. Direct assay of cell proliferation was performed with MTT test. For morphological observations samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The results obtained by MTT test showed that hepatocytes cultivated in both the above described conditions were able to proliferate up to 14 days and Langerhans islet up to 21 days. After this time, cells started to undergo apoptosis. The morphological analyses showed cell aggregation in three-dimensional structures promoted by the fibers of the biomaterial. Our results confirmed that HYAFF-11 meshes represent a suitable scaffold for hepatocyte adhesion/Langerhans islet organization and proliferation. In particular, the presence of a fibroblast secreted extracellular matrix improves the biological property of the scaffold
Editorial: Advances in additive manufacturing technologies for the production of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds for dental applications
Full text linkNeural potential of the stem cell population in the adipose and cutaneous tissue
No full textThis study investigated the neural differentiation potential of adult stem cells derived from skin (SKPs) and adipose tissue (ADSc) from the same donor. When treated with EGF and FGF2, both cell types formed neurospheres that could proliferate and differentiate into glial and neuronal-like cells. These neurospheres were cultured on hyaluronan-based membranes and fibrin-glue scaffolds, showing no chromosomal abnormalities. Cells expressed typical neural markers such as S100, GFAP, nestin, βIII-tubulin, and CNPase. The findings support the potential of these stem cells for neural tissue engineering and the development of an in vitro model to study axonal re-myelination and demyelination mechanisms
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