38 research outputs found
Water Swallow Screening Test for Patients After Surgery for Head and Neck Cancer: Early Identification of Dysphagia, Aspiration and Limitations of Oral Intake
No full textPatients with head and neck cancer (HNC) are at high risk for oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) following surgical therapy. Early identification of OD can improve outcomes and reduce economic burden. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of a water screening test using increasing volumes postsurgically for patients with HNC (N=80) regarding the early identification of OD in general, and whether there is a need for further instrumental diagnostics to investigate the presence of aspiration as well as to determine the limitations of oral intake as defined by fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. OD in general was identified in 65%, with aspiration in 49%, silent aspiration in 21% and limitations of oral intake in 56%. Despite a good sensitivity, for aspiration of 100% and for limitations of oral intake of 97.8%, the presented water screening test did not satisfactorily predict either of these reference criteria due to its low positive likelihood ratio (aspiration=2.6; limitations of oral intake=3.1). However, it is an accurate tool for the early identification of OD in general, with a sensitivity of 96.2% and a positive likelihood ratio of 5.4 in patients after surgery for HNC
Guidelines of the German society of phoniatrics and pediatric audiology on developmental speech and language disorders of children
No full textAn undisturbed language acquisition is a basic precondition for normal child development. Developmental speech and language disorders are frequent: the prevalence of specific language impairment is 6-8% and additional comorbidities may occur. Universal speech/language screening programs in kindergarten age have become increasingly important, also in Germany. Since there is a considerable uncertainty in both diagnosis of developmental speech and language disorders and prescription of therapy, the revised AWMFguidelines of the German Society of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology (Neumann et al., 2008) are presented here to contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of developmental speech and language disorders, as well as their definition, diagnostic, and therapy
Predictability of Oral and Laryngopharyngeal Function for Aspiration and Limitation of Oral Intake in Patients After Surgery for Head and Neck Cancer
No full textSwallowing disorders are common in patients after surgery for head and neck cancer. The clinical assessment of oral and laryngopharyngeal abilities is widely used as a dysphagia assessment tool in this patient group, despite a lack of research. The goal of this study was to assess the predictability of clinical parameters for aspiration and limitation of oral intake. A swallowing disorder with the need for further intervention was identified by fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in 65%, with aspiration in 49%, silently in 21%, and limited oral intake with tube dependency in 56% of studied patients. Four clinical parameters (dysglossia, wet voice, tongue motility, and tongue strength) correlated significantly with aspiration and limitation of oral intake. However, none of these clinical parameters was able to predict one of our two reference criteria, due to low positive likelihood ratios, mostly less than two. Clinical assessment is therefore inappropriate for early detection of swallowing disorders in such patients
Predictability of Oral and Laryngopharyngeal Function for Aspiration and Limitation of Oral Intake in Patients After Surgery for Head and Neck Cancer
No full textSwallowing disorders are common in patients after surgery for head and neck cancer. The clinical assessment of oral and laryngopharyngeal abilities is widely used as a dysphagia assessment tool in this patient group, despite a lack of research. The goal of this study was to assess the predictability of clinical parameters for aspiration and limitation of oral intake. A swallowing disorder with the need for further intervention was identified by fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in 65%, with aspiration in 49%, silently in 21%, and limited oral intake with tube dependency in 56% of studied patients. Four clinical parameters (dysglossia, wet voice, tongue motility, and tongue strength) correlated significantly with aspiration and limitation of oral intake. However, none of these clinical parameters was able to predict one of our two reference criteria, due to low positive likelihood ratios, mostly less than two. Clinical assessment is therefore inappropriate for early detection of swallowing disorders in such patients
Anglizismen im Russischen seit 1991 : ein Vergleich mit dem Ukrainischen und Deutschen /
No full textZugleich: Erlangen, Nürnberg, Univ., Diss., 2008Auteu
Russische kommunikative Strategien seit 1991 als Zeichen der Individualisierung
Get PDFКак считают некоторые учёные, процесс индивидуализации, наблюдаемый в России уже несколько десятилетий и ускорившийся после 1991 года, связан с распространением определенных коммуникативных стратегий. К таким стратегиям относятся «смол ток», сознательное нарушение языковых норм (в качестве одного из способов самовыражения), «коммерческая вежливость» и др. В этой работе критически рассмотрены наиболее известные тезисы о взаимосвязи индивидуализации и коммуникативного поведения
Некоторые реликты активного строя в индоевропейских языках. Часть 4
Get PDFSome possible relics of the active(-stative) typology in the Indo-European languages, modern and ancient, are discussed. Indo-European languages are compared with the active Native American languages.Some possible relics of the active(-stative) typology in the Indo-European languages, modern and ancient, are discussed. Indo-European languages are compared with the active Native American languages
Figurative and abstract aspects in Yevgen Krip's works
No full textМета – дослідити окремі ключові тематичні та стилістичні аспекти творчості відомого українського художника Євгена Кріпа задля актуалізації його творчості та інтересу до регіональних митців, які мають бути включені в загальноукраїнський контекст формування історії вітчизняного мистецтва зламу ХХ – ХХІ століття. Стаття базується на компаративістській та феноменологічній методиці, які реалізуються шляхом дослідження матеріалу та підходу до автора і його творів з використанням феноменологічної редукції. Стаття піднімає необхідну проблематику дослідження більш широкого спектру сучасного українського мистецтва задля формування більш широкого та ґрунтовного погляду на історію його формування та розвитку у проміжку зламу ХХ – ХХІ століття. Коротко аналізуються ключові семіотичні образи в творчості чернігівського художника Євгена Кріпа та пропонуються їхні можливі джерела. Також розглядається можливість специфічного авторського підходу до матеріалу, який був втілений через прийом оммажу. Наукова новизна полягає у першому публікуванні і аналізі творчості раніше малодослідженого автора, який є ключовим у розумінні розвитку мистецтва у контексті Чернігівського мистецького осередку, а відтак і у формуванні наукового інтересу до регіональних мистецьких осередків в Україні. Коротко оглядаються ключові аспекти творчості Євгена Кріпа, які зачіпають широкий діапазон творів мистецтва: від сакрального до супрематичного. Результати статті можуть бути впроваджені в мистецтвознавчий обіг з області історії вітчизняного мистецтва зламу ХХ – ХХІ століття, та окреслювати регіональні особливості розвитку мистецтва в Україні у порівнянні до домінуючих тенденцій обраного проміжку часу. Базис статті може слугувати початком наступного більш ґрунтовного дослідження творчості як автора, так й інших митців з чернігівського осередку.To investigate certain key thematic and stylistic aspects of the famous Ukrainian artist Yevhen Krip works in order to actualize interest to his art and regional artists, which should be included in the all-Ukrainian context of the history of national art formation at the turn of the 20th – 21st centuries. The article is based on the comparativist and phenomenological methods, which are implemented by the way of studying the material and approaching the author and his works by using the phenomenological reduction. The article raises the necessary issues of researching a wider spectrum of modern Ukrainian art in order to form a broader and thorough view of the history of its formation and development in the period between the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. The key semiotic images in the work of the Chernihiv artist Yevgen Krip are briefly analyzed and their possible sources are suggested. The possibility of a specific author's approach to the material, which was embodied through the reception of homage, is also considered. Scientific novelty consists in the first publication and analysis of the work of a previously little-studied author, which is key in understanding the development of art in the context of the Chernihiv art circle, and therefore in the formation of scientific interest in regional art centers in Ukraine. The key aspects of Yevhen Krip's art are briefly reviewed, which affect a wide range of works of art: from the sacred to the suprematism. Results of the article can be introduced into the history of national art at the turn of the 20th – 21st centuries, and outline the regional features of the of Ukrainian art development in comparison to the dominant trends of the selected period of time. The basis of the article can serve as the beginning of the next more thorough study of the art of both the author and other artists from the Chernihiv
Yevgen Zaretsky, Anglizismen im Russischen seit 1991: Ein Vergleich mit dem Ukrainischen und Deutschen
No full textÜber einige ethnolinguistische Mythen (am Beispiel des Russischen)
Get PDFThe last decade of the 20th century witnessed the resurrection of some ethnolinguistic theories in the countries of the former Soviet Union. Some of them can be traced back to the 19th century in the works of such linguists as W. von Humboldt and A. Schleicher, others seem to have their origin in the studies of A. Wierzbicka and F. Kainz. The authors of these theories tend to criticise Russian mentality reflected in the Russian language as fatalistic, irrational, etc. We will show that they are prone to ignore typological and historical factors that have preordained the structure of the modern Russian
