3 research outputs found
Analyse des aspects épidémiologique, cliniques et évolutifs de la rougeole au Niger
No full textIntroduction : La rougeole sévit constamment au Niger avec des périodes de pic. L’objectif était d’analyser le profil épidémio - clinique et évolutif de la rougeole au Niger. Méthodologie : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive à visée analytique qui a porté sur tous les cas suspects de rougeole en 2022. L’analyse bivariée et multivariée avait permis d’identifier les facteurs associés au décès. Une P- value inférieure à 0,05 a été considérée comme significative. Résultats : Au total 8424 cas suspectés ont été colligés. La moyenne d’âge était de 5,51 ans avec des extrêmes allant de 0 à 72 ans et les moins de 15 ans représentaient 92%. Après regression logistique les cas suspects qui ont été enregistrés entre les semaines épidémiolgiques 37-52 [Odd Ratio Ajusté (ORA) = 0,02; Intervalle de confiance (IC) à 95% (0,006 - 0,13)] et ceux qui provenaient du Nigéria[ ORA= 0,16; IC à 95% ( 0,03- 0,82)] étaient protégés du décès. Conclusion : L’épidémie rougeoleuse demeure une réalité, la riposte à la rougeole doit mettre un accent sur la vaccination. La létalité de la maladie est corrélée au pic épidémiologique.
Introduction: Measles is constantly rampant in Niger with peak periods. The objective was to analyze the epidemio-clinical and evolutionary profile of measles in Niger. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical focus that included all suspected measles cases in 2022. Bivariate and multivariate analysis identified factors associated with death. A P- value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 8424 suspected cases were collected. The average age was 5.51 years with extremes ranging from 0 to 72 years old and those under 15 years old accounted for 92%. After logistic regression, suspected cases that were recorded between epidemiological weeks 37-52 [Adjusted Odd Ratio (ORA) = 0.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.006 - 0.13)] and those from Nigeria [ORA= 0.16; 95% CI (0.03-0.82)] were protected from death. Conclusion: Measles outbreak remains a reality, measles response must a focus on vaccination. The lethality of the disease is correlated with the epidemiological peak
Analyse des aspects épidémiologique, cliniques et évolutifs de la rougeole au Niger
No full textIntroduction : La rougeole sévit constamment au Niger avec des périodes de pic. L’objectif était d’analyser le profil épidémio - clinique et évolutif de la rougeole au Niger. Méthodologie : Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive à visée analytique qui a porté sur tous les cas suspects de rougeole en 2022. L’analyse bivariée et multivariée avait permis d’identifier les facteurs associés au décès. Une P- value inférieure à 0,05 a été considérée comme significative. Résultats : Au total 8424 cas suspectés ont été colligés. La moyenne d’âge était de 5,51 ans avec des extrêmes allant de 0 à 72 ans et les moins de 15 ans représentaient 92%. Après regression logistique les cas suspects qui ont été enregistrés entre les semaines épidémiolgiques 37-52 [Odd Ratio Ajusté (ORA) = 0,02; Intervalle de confiance (IC) à 95% (0,006 - 0,13)] et ceux qui provenaient du Nigéria[ ORA= 0,16; IC à 95% ( 0,03- 0,82)] étaient protégés du décès. Conclusion : L’épidémie rougeoleuse demeure une réalité, la riposte à la rougeole doit mettre un accent sur la vaccination. La létalité de la maladie est corrélée au pic épidémiologique.
Introduction: Measles is constantly rampant in Niger with peak periods. The objective was to analyze the epidemio-clinical and evolutionary profile of measles in Niger. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical focus that included all suspected measles cases in 2022. Bivariate and multivariate analysis identified factors associated with death. A P- value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 8424 suspected cases were collected. The average age was 5.51 years with extremes ranging from 0 to 72 years old and those under 15 years old accounted for 92%. After logistic regression, suspected cases that were recorded between epidemiological weeks 37-52 [Adjusted Odd Ratio (ORA) = 0.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.006 - 0.13)] and those from Nigeria [ORA= 0.16; 95% CI (0.03-0.82)] were protected from death. Conclusion: Measles outbreak remains a reality, measles response must a focus on vaccination. The lethality of the disease is correlated with the epidemiological peak
Larval ecology of malaria vectors and the impact of larviciding on malaria transmission in The Gambia
No full textThe study reported in this thesis explored the ecology of aquatic stages of mosquitoes in the middle reaches of the Gambia River in order to assess the feasibility and impact of microbial larviciding on malaria transmission in large river ecosystems in sub- Saharan Africa. All accessible water bodies in four study zones covering 400 km(^2) were mapped and sampled for mosquitoes. Microbial larvicides were applied in the four zones in across-over design and the impact of larviciding on mosquito densities assessed. Anopheline and culicine mosquitoes were found in all sampled habitats, apart from those with moving water. Similarly, all habitats, except puddles and water channels, had similar larval and pupal densities. Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, the major malaria vector in Africa, exploited a wide range of habitats and despite a decrease in population density during the dry season, could be found in breeding sites throughout the year. Mosquitoes shared habitats with other invertebrates including their predators. A closer look at rice fields revealed that mosquitoes were abundant in rice fields closer to the landward edge of the floodplains where water is fresher and contains high quantifies of nutrients. Mosquitoes of The Gambia were highly susceptible to both Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) and B. sphaericus microbials, however no residual activity against anopheline larvae was observed. The basic training of personnel in identification of habitats, calibration of application equipment and active larviciding proved to be successful. Routine larviciding was associated with > 91 % reducfion (p < 0.001) in anophelines late stage larval density and 72 % (p < 0.001) in culicines. Overall, larviciding was associated with a 28% (p = 0.005) reduction in the number of adult female Anopheles gambiae s.l. found indoors, although this rose to 42%, when the study zone with the greatest abundance of breeding sites was excluded from the analysis. No significant reduction in adult culicines was observed. Ground application of Bti in areas with extensive floodplains is unlikely to contribute to a substantial reduction in malaria transmission in The Gambia, therefore vector control in such areas should target adult mosquitoes
