1,720,978 research outputs found
PEDOT modified microelectrodes. Preparation, characterisation and analytical performances
No full textPoly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) modified microelectrodes were prepared by electropolymerisation of therelevant monomer from CH3CN and H2O solutions. The electrochemical behaviour of the obtained coatings wasinvestigated by cyclic voltammetry in both organic and aqueous media. The anodic responses obtained for a typicalbenchmark analyte such as ascorbic acid have been chosen in order to test the different coatings; calibration curves havebeen built up in order to evaluate the repeatability of the response and reproducibility of the realised sensing system.Moreover, the ability of the modified microelectrodes to work in low conductivity media has been studied, and exploratorytests in dense food matrix have been performe
Recent advances in the direct electrochemical detection of drugs of abuse
No full textIn the last decade, the trafficking and use of illicit drugs showed a continuous incremental trend, remaining worldwide a challenging problem for the consequences on society, health, criminality and environment. The introduction on the market of new products and of illicit synthetic compounds represents a new challenging task for analytical chemistry, looking for rapid and accurate methods for the detection of illicit substances in seized street samples, biological fluids and wastewater. In this context, electrochemical sensors have shown promising results as an alternative to standard chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. This review aims at highlighting the most recent progresses in the use of electrochemistry for the detection of drugs of abuse, mainly including well consolidated substances like cannabinoids, cocaine, opioids, ecstasy and methamphetamine as well as new psychoactive molecules widely diffused at the present time. Different strategies have been described particularly consisting in the direct electrochemical oxidation of the target analyte. The implementation of tailored-made portable instruments with electrochemical detection methods constitutes an added value to improve the effectiveness of electrochemical sensors for the identification of psychoactive substances when performing large-scale sampling tests
Sensori Amperometrici. Nuoivi materiali elettrodici
No full textThe article concerns the development of new materials for electrode systems. A complete characterisation of the materials and of the electrochemical systems is obtained by combiningthe results from different spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques. The resulting modified electrodes are tested as amperometric sensors. A particularly attractive applicationof these devices, even using (ultra)microelectrodes, is in the field of “blind analysis”, as elements of electronic tongues for the classification of real matrices
Effective catalytic electrode system based on polyviologen and Au nanoparticles multilayer
No full textAu nanoparticles encapsulated by very labile chloride ions are synthesised and characterised. Through layer-by-layer deposition technique they are stably anchored to an electrode surface, using a polyviologen derivative as the polycationic organic component. The structure and morphology of the multilayer is exhaustively studied by UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The nanocomposite material shows very interesting electrocatalytic properties with respect to the reduction of H2O2, which occurs at particularly less negative potentials. Furthermore, the presence of Au nanoparticles inside the electrode coating greatly improves the sensitivity of the electrochemical system. The system results to be a well suitable sensor for H2O2 quantification, with high sensitivity and low detection limit
Development of Nanostructured Electrode Coatings for Amperometric Sensors
No full textThe goal of the communication is to illustrate the main advantages of the use of nanostructured materials as electrode modifiers in the frame of electroanalysis. Particularly meaningful examples extracted from the activity of the research group are discussed. The aim is to evidence the main properties of the single material and the synergic activity deriving from the combination of different materials in hybrids or composites electrode modifiers
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Au-nanoparticles composite as electrode coating suitable for electrocatalytic oxidation
No full textComposite materials consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) including Au nanoparticles, encapsulated by citrate anions, have been firmly deposited on an electrode surface through a simple method, taking advantage of the interaction between Au metal and thiophene polymeric backbone. A series of similar electrode coatings, also including different amounts of nanoparticles inside, has been characterised in terms of thickness and surface morphology, through different microscopic techniques. The electrocatalytic properties have been studied with respect to the oxidation of glucose in alkaline media,which is prevented from occurring on the pure organic material
Ti metal electrode as an unconventional amperometric sensor for determination of Au(III) species
No full textThe control of the noble metal concentration is crucial in order to increase the efficiency of hydrometallurgic processes in mining and in the recovery of precious materials from electronic waste. The present study is devoted to the development of an effective procedure for the quantification of Au(III) species dissolved in aqueous solutions, similar real complex matrices included. In particular, a novel electrode system based on Ti has been studied. This electrode material is still poorly investigated in the framework of electroanalysis, despite its lack of sensitivity to common interfering species, such as oxygen; hence, the determination of metal species can be carried out without performing deaeration of the solution. In addition, the interfering effect due to the presence of other heavy metal ions, such as Ag, Fe and Pb, has been minimised by a proper choice of the conditions adopted for the amperometric measurements. Ti electrodes exhibit reproducible electrochemical responses, even in the presence of high concentration of organic fouling species typical of biosorption processes
Behaviour of Ti electrode in the amperometric determination of high concentrations of strong oxidising species.
Full text linkThe study of the capabilities of an unusual electrode material, namely, Ti, is presented: the amperometric determination of species showing responses that, on different materials, cannot be often profitably exploited, is proposed. H2O2 and HClO are successfully analysed, even at high concentrations. In similar conditions, which are quite common in industrial environments, these strong oxidising species are determined by time-consuming,
off- or at-line, and multistep procedures. A complex real matrix, such as an industrial detergent, containing high H2O2 concentrations, has been taken as a meaningful study case to check the effectiveness of the electrode system and procedure proposed
Adsorption of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) on noble metal surfaces: a photoemission and x-ray absorption study
No full textThe adsorption of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) on Au and Pt surfaces is studied by core level and valence band photoemission using synchrotron radiation and by near edgeX-ray absorption spectroscopy.To closer simulate real applications, the films are grown from aqueous solution at room temperature and are compared to an ‘ideal’ film prepared by dosing the molecules from the vapour phase on a clean Au(1 1 1) single crystal. The S 2p, C 1s and O 1s levels show multiple components which are associatedto molecular fragmentation. NEXAFS confirms that fragmentation takes place at the surface. Thiophene species as well as alkyl chains and Sn species are identified as the most probable fragmentation products
Preparation and Characterization of a RedoxMultilayer Film Containing Au Nanoparticles
No full textGold nanoparticles encapsulated by negatively charged molecules have been stably anchored at a Au substratethrough layer-by-layer deposition technique, employing a redox polyviologen derivative as the cationiccounterpart. UV-vis spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance, transmission electron microscopy, scanningelectron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and voltammetric measurements have been performed in orderto characterize the systems and to give a rationale to the effect of the deposition conditions on the propertiesof the resulting multilayers. The behavior of two benchmark electroactive species ([Fe(CN)6]4- and[Ru(NH3)6]3+) has been studied on nanoparticle-terminated multilayers. The nanoparticles provide chargepercolation through the multilayer and charge transfer with redox species in solution. The results imply thatthe electrochemical behavior of nanoparticle-containing films is partly dependent on the charge compensationmode within polyelectrolyte multilayers
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