1,721,007 research outputs found
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR DIFFERENT SCENARIO OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
No full textIn order to determine the optimal final destination of municipal solid waste, it is necessary to consider both monetary costs and environmental externalities, such as carbon balance and GHG production, as well as the local availability of waste-processing industrial infrastructure. The paper examines the results obtained from a technical, economic and environmental comparison between different scenarios for waste management: in particular the solutions of gasification and pyrolysis were studied and afterwards were compared with direct combustion in incineration plant (from the point of view of the thermal treatment) and final disposal in landfill. In order to perform this analysis 13 plants (thermal treatment and landfill) operating on full scale are analyzed. The comparison took into account environmental, energy and economic aspects. From the environmental and energetically point of view, the tool of mass and energy balance was used to address some key environmental aspects and the global acceptance of these scenarios. In particular some indexes were defined in order to perform a comparison among the different analyzed solutions. As concerns the economic point of view, conventional economic criteria, i.e. investment and operating costs, were considered. The analysis showed from the environmental and energetical point of view conveniences for the examined thermal treatment solutions with the related energy recovery. In conclusion the comparison methodology that has been defined can establish a more general useful approach, in order to help the definition of the best solution for waste management planning
Evaluation of mutual connections between zero-valent iron reactivity and groundwater composition in trichloroethylene degradation
No full textZero-valent iron Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) are an efficient and relatively low cost in situ technology for the remediation of aquifers polluted by chlorinated solvents. The groundwater composition and the zero-valent iron reactive material are linked by mutual connections. The groundwater, to a certain extent depending on its composition, is able to oxidize the metallic iron, thus decreasing its reactivity; on the other hand, the dechlorination process and the leaching of chemical species from the reactive substrate may deeply modify groundwater composition. In this study the results of some batch and leaching column tests, performed by means of Connelly iron (Environmental Technologies Inc., Canada) and different aqueous phases (distilled water and an artificial groundwater) are compared, to evaluate the influence of groundwater composition on the reactivity of the iron material for trichloroethylene (TCE) remediation. The degradation mechanisms of the pollutant are discussed. On the grounds of the gathered results the aqueous phase composition shows a strong influence on TCE degradation kinetics obtained by means of Connelly iron; in fact the presence of dissolved substances accelerates TCE degradation
Analisi delle problematiche energetiche ed ambientali in un'ottica di sviluppo economico
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Caratteristiche, problematiche e possibili soluzioni per il riutilizzo delle acque nell'industria
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