2,182 research outputs found
Crescere con un solo genitore: studenti nativi e immigrati a confronto.
No full textChi cresce con un solo genitore ha risultati scolastici peggiori, ma
ci sono differenze a seconda del background migratorio? In un recente studio su studenti di scuola media in Italia, Raffaele Guetto, Francesca Zanasi, e Maria Carella, mostrano come gli studenti italiani siano più svantaggiati dall’assenza di un genitore rispetto a quelli immigrati. Lo studio ricerca i motivi della differenza nelle risorse a disposizione delle famiglie e nel motivo di assenza genitoriale
Grandmotherhood and retirement in Italy
Full text linkThe article explores the relationship between becoming a grandmother and retiringin Italy. In contrast to the US and other countries in Europe, the two events do notoverlap in Italy, and the former hardly influences the latter. Francesca Zanasi andInge Sieben interpret the findings in relation to the familistic structure of Italy
sj-pdf-1-jah-10.1177_08982643211039637 – Supplemental Material for Retirement? Other Ways Out of the Labour Market Are Far More Worrying for Health: Results from a Matching Approach Study
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-jah-10.1177_08982643211039637 for Retirement? Other Ways Out of the Labour Market Are Far More Worrying for Health: Results from a Matching Approach Study by Elena Pirani, Gustavo De Santis and Francesca Zanasi in Journal of Aging and Health</p
(Grand)childlessness and depression across men and women’s stages of later life
No full textThe literature on how family status and health in later life relate is extensive. Although research has focused on the health effects of grandparenthood and grandparenting, explorations of whether ageing without children can lead to mental health impairments have achieved mixed results. We bridge empirical traditions to investigate the relationship between family status and mental health in Europe by using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and sampling roughly 160,000 men and women aged 50-89 from 17 European countries. Mental health is evaluated through depressive symptoms on the EURO-D scale and compared between childless or grandchildless people and grandparents at different ages. To identify the association between (grand)parenthood and mental health status net of confounders, we perform inverse probability-weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA). The rich information SHARE provides facilitates considering the common factors that may influence (grand)parenthood and depressive symptoms. Results show that the three groups hardly differ in mental health: grandchildless men and grandfathers reported fewer depressive symptoms, if any, than childless men aged 70-79. Overall, while mental health does not seem to relate to family status per se, it could be crucial when accounting for the entire individual life course
Does Caregiving Add To Already Existing Disadvantages?
No full textIn ageing societies, the increasing quota of older and frail individuals creates unprecedented needs for care. Governments face the economic challenge of long-term care (LTC) policies that support older people with limitations in everyday
activities. All over Europe, care responsibilities for older individuals fall on the shoulders of family members, particularly partners and children, usually wives and daughters and daughters-in-law. The care load can negatively affect various outcomes, mainly psychological and physical health. Nonetheless, the socio-economic characteristics of informal caregivers remain overlooked by research.
In the present study, we aim to uncover socio-economic differences (regarding education, income, and wealth) in the probability of providing informal caregiving to older parents (and parents-in-law) in Europe, using the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, 2004-2020). Preliminary results indicate that there is a positive gradient between women’s/households’ socio-economic status and providing support to parents(in-laws); educational level appears to be the dimension along which differences in care provision emerge the most. Such provision is at low-intensity levels, and it may be offered as a complement to formal services that high socio-economic status individuals can afford to purchase on the market. A lower commitment to older parents(in-laws) can be experienced as less burdensome and be offered at the daughters’ (in-laws) discretion. However, it emerges clearly that low-income groups compensate for lack of resources with co-residence with older
parents, allegedly as a strategy to care for them
Comment et avec qui vivent les migrants âgés en Europe ?
No full textDans les sociétés occidentales, la part de la population âgée née à l’étranger connaît une
augmentation. Malgré cette tendance, les conditions de vie des migrants âgés restent un
sujet de recherche rarement abordé. En se fondant sur les données de l’enquête sur la
santé, le vieillissement et la retraite en Europe (SHARE) de 2004 à 2017, notre étude
propose une analyse comparative entre les configurations familiales des natifs et des
non-natifs âgés de 50 ans et plus (personnes vivant seules, avec un conjoint, au sein d’une
famille avec enfants ou d’un ménage complexe) résidant dans certains pays européens
sélectionnés (Allemagne, Autriche, Danemark, Italie, Espagne, Grèce, Suède). L’importance
de notre analyse réside dans la tentative d’explorer dans quelle mesure les migrants âgés
peuvent compter sur un réseau familial capable de leur apporter un soutien dans un
moment de vie potentiellement fragile. Les résultats montrent que les pays de destination
autant que les pays d’origine des migrants peuvent exercer une influence sur les
configurations familiales. De manière générale, les personnes âgées nées à l’étranger ont
tendance à adopter les formes familiales typiques du pays d’accueil. La cohabitation avec
des enfants est plus répandue en Europe du Sud, tandis que le fait de vivre seul ou uniquement
avec un partenaire est plus fréquent en Europe du Nord. Néanmoins, on constate
des différences lorsqu’on observe les ménages composés de trois générations. Les familles
multigénérationnelles sont plus fréquentes en Europe du Sud parmi les personnes nées
à l’étranger et, en particulier, parmi celles qui ont émigré après l’âge de 40 ans. Lorsqu’on
observe cette structure à travers le prisme du pays d’origine, les migrants intra-européens
sont plus susceptibles de vivre uniquement avec un partenaire, tandis que ceux
issus d’autres continents (par exemple, l’Afrique et l’Asie) résident plus souvent avec des
enfants ou au sein de ménages composés de trois générations
The effect of grandparental involvement on grandchildren's school grades: Heterogeneity by the extended family characteristics
Full text linkAs the early years are crucial for individuals' lifelong socioeconomic success, extensive research has examined the impact of non-maternal childcare on children's development. This study aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between grandparental involvement (defined as grandparent childcare, frequency of contact, and financial support) and grandchildren's school grades, exploring a mechanism of positive selection: children from extended families with specific socioeconomic characteristics are more likely to spend time with grandparents and benefit the most from this involvement.
We utilize data from the German Pairfam survey, which uniquely provides rich information on three family generations. By conducting a heterogeneous treatment effect analysis, we account for confounding factors associated with grandparental involvement and school performance that could bias our findings. For example, children from advantaged families could be more likely to spend time with grandparents and achieve better school grades. Additionally, this approach examines whether the effect of grandparental involvement systematically varies across children based on the extended family's characteristics. For example, children from advantaged families may benefit the most from spending time with grandparents who possess social, cultural, and cognitive resources conducive to their development.
After accounting for confounding factors and heterogeneity, our analyses do not reveal a statistically significant effect of grandparental investment on children's school grades. The study concludes by discussing possible reasons for this result and highlighting the implications for the intergenerational transmission of inequality
Grandmothers’ transition to retirement:Evidence from Italy
No full textThe paper investigates the consequences of grandmotherhood on retirement for Italian mid-life women born before 1949. It accounts for eventual differences in terms of work history, as the transition to retirement depends on the number of years worked, and the kind of job held. Using retrospective data from the ISTAT Multipurpose Survey Families and Social Subjects (2009), individual fixed-effects models show that there is only a weak relation between the birth of the first grandchild and retirement for Italian grandmothers, and no differences in term of work history. The authors argue that the result could originate from two parallel processes. On the one hand, mid-life women seem to retire before becoming grandmothers in Italy (as Kaplan-Meier survivor functions suggest). This could be due to the interplay of the postponement of fertility and availability of early retirement options: women became grandmothers late in life, and they have the possibility to retire early. On the other hand, Italy has a very low female labour force participation rate, and several young mothers are not employed due to the difficulty to reconcile work and family. In other words, young mothers do not need support by grandmothers with childcare, and therefore, grandmothers do not need to early retire so to be helpful with care duties toward grandchildren
Social Heterogeneity in the Effect of Informal Caregiving for Older Individuals on Social Withdrawal
No full textAll over Europe, care responsibilities for older individuals fall on the shoulders of family members, particularly partners (usually wives) – with negative consequences on a range of outcomes, including psychological and physical health, loneliness, and social isolation. Among these consequences, and a key factor in leading to other negative outcomes, is the phenomenon known as ‘social withdrawal’: a withdrawal from social activities and relationships they previously enjoyed, following the time priority required by caregiving. Despite the extensive study of the caregiver burden, the socio-economic heterogeneity of its effects remains under-researched. Not all caregivers are equal, and we may expect the consequences of the care burden to be moderated by key individual/household characteristics connected with social stratification – such as education, income, wealth, and social class. In the present study, we aim to uncover socioeconomic differences in the probability and severity of social withdrawal among European informal caregivers using the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE, 2004-2020). Operationally, we leverage health shocks experienced by the partner, such as heart attacks, strokes, and hip fractures, to estimate the effect of starting informal caregiving on reducing or stopping tout court to attend a range of social activities and meetings with close friends and relatives. We expect the effect to be stronger for more disadvantaged individuals, with limited possibilities to ‘buy time for themselves’ by purchasing services on the market. Preliminary, descriptive results confirm a strong social withdrawal effect of caregiving, even though it appears evenly distributed across the social strata. In conclusion, the present study advances our understanding of informal caregiving’s multifaceted and heterogeneous consequences
Extreme temperatures and morbidity in old age in Europe
No full textUnderstanding the relationship between extreme temperatures and health
among older adults is of paramount importance for public health in ageing societies. This
study aims to enhance our understanding of the impact of extreme temperatures on
morbidity, i.e. the risk of being hospitalised, using medications for heart conditions, and
experiencing the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among older adults in Europe
(65 years old) using five waves from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in
Europe (SHARE, 2004–2015). It also explores heterogeneity in this impact depending
on an array of factors that affect exposure and vulnerability to climate, including geographical location, gender, age, educational level, having a partner/child and living in an urban or
a rural area. Results from individual fixed-effects models show that extremely cold temperatures increase the risk of being hospitalised and suffering from CVDs, while heat exposure
has no noteworthy effect. Broken down by geographical location, the results indicate that
one additional extremely cold day influences the risk of hospitalisation in the coldest and the
warmest European regions, while extreme heat influences this risk in the warmest European
regions. Finally, the oldest old and low educated individuals appear to be the most vulnerable social groups. The study concludes by discussing the advantages and the limitations of
using survey data to study climate and health, and the strategies suggested by the relevant literature to prevent temperature-related illness
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