77 research outputs found
Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Aeromonas hydrophila from Diarrheal children in Thi-Qar Province/Iraq
No full textThis study was carried out to isolate Aeromonas hydrophila from diarrheal children; 150 fecal samples were collected from diarrheal children with age (1-13 years) of both sexes that had suffering from diarrhea in Mohammed Al -Mosawi and Bent-Al-Huda hospitals in Thi-Qar province. Twenty isolates were diagnosed as genus Aeromonas hydrophila. The results revealed that the rate of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates in fecal samples of diarrheal children was (13.3%) and the age groups of 1-5 years were the highest percentage of diarrheal cases (60%) and the highest percentage of Aeromonas hydrophila infection (40%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing to 20 Aeromonas hydrophila isolates showed that (70%) of isolates were resistance to Amikacin, while (60%) of isolates were resistance to Ciprofloxian, Cefotaxime and Gentamycin ,(35%) of isolates were resistance to Ceflazim and only (20%) of isolates were resistance to Imipenem, and the results appeared increasing prevalence of multidrug resistant between Aeromonas hydrophila isolates that isolated from diarrheal children in Thi-Qar province
Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Aeromonas hydrophila from Diarrheal children in Thi-Qar Province/Iraq
No full textThis study was carried out to isolate Aeromonas hydrophila from diarrheal children; 150 fecal samples were collected from diarrheal children with age (1-13 years) of both sexes that had suffering from diarrhea in Mohammed Al -Mosawi and Bent-Al-Huda hospitals in Thi-Qar province. Twenty isolates were diagnosed as genus Aeromonas hydrophila. The results revealed that the rate of Aeromonas hydrophila isolates in fecal samples of diarrheal children was (13.3%) and the age groups of 1-5 years were the highest percentage of diarrheal cases (60%) and the highest percentage of Aeromonas hydrophila infection (40%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing to 20 Aeromonas hydrophila isolates showed that (70%) of isolates were resistance to Amikacin, while (60%) of isolates were resistance to Ciprofloxian, Cefotaxime and Gentamycin ,(35%) of isolates were resistance to Ceflazim and only (20%) of isolates were resistance to Imipenem, and the results appeared increasing prevalence of multidrug resistant between Aeromonas hydrophila isolates that isolated from diarrheal children in Thi-Qar province
Study the physical and optoelectronic properties of silver gallium indium selenide AgGaInSe2/Si heterojunction solar cell
No full textIncreasing Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Vibrio cholerae Isolated from Diarrheal Patients Thi-Qar Province during 2015
No full textThis study was carried out to isolate Vibrio cholera from diarrheal patients; 150 fecal samples were collected from diarrheal patients with different aged of both sexes that had suffering from watery diarrhea in Mohammed Al -Mosawi hospital and Al-Hussein hospital in Thi-Qar province. Twenty isolates were diagnosed as genus V. cholera. The results revealed that the rate of V. cholera isolates in fecal samples of diarrheal patients was (13.3%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing to 20 V. cholera isolates showed that all isolates were resistance to Ampicillin, 18 isolates were resistance to nalidixic acid ,16 isolates were resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim while 11 isolates were resistance tetracycline and ciprofloxacin and only 9 isolates were resistance chloramphenicol and the results appeared increasing prevalence of multidrug resistant between Vibrio cholera isolates in recent cholera epidemics
The effect of sodium hypochlorite on the elimination of E. Faecalis using rotary instrumentation and intermittent passive ultrasonic irrigation
No full textOBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of different variables (delivery system, surface
contact with the irrigant, the frequency of changing the irrigant and the total volume of the irrigant) of sodium hypochlorite on
the elimination of E. faecalis using rotary instrumentation and intermittent passive ultrasonic irrigation (IPUI). MATERIALS
and METHODS: Sixty extracted single-rooted teeth were instrumented up to size 20 K-file, then inoculated with E.
faecalis. The root canals were prepared up to a # 40 using 0.04 profile rotary files and irrigated with 2 ml of 2.25% NaOCl.
Ultrasonic P5 with NiTi file # 25 was oscillated for 30 seconds after # 30 file, at the end of the preparation, and after NaOCl
was left in situ for 5 minutes to complete 15 minutes of preparation. A total volume of 10 ml of sodium hypochlorite was
used. The root canals were divided equally into four experimental and one control groups. In Group I, pipette was used
to deliver the irrigant; Group II, the total contact time of irrigant was 30 minutes; Group III, the canal was flushed every
2 minutes; Group IV, the total volume of the irrigant was 20 ml and in Group V (control), chemo-mechanical preparation
was carried out without IPUI. The root canals were sampled before and after instrumentation and the zone of bacterial
growth were measured in mm and recorded. RESULTS: A significant bacterial reduction was demonstrated in Groups I
(P=0.020), II (P=0.001), and IV (P=0.000) as compared to Groups III and V. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study
showed that the flushing action, the larger volume of sodium hypochlorite irrigant and the increase in the contact time of
the irrigant combined with rotary instrumentation and IPUI enhanced the elimination of E. faecalis from the root canal.This study was supported by the
College of Dentistry Research Center, King Saud University, (F # 1094).Corresponding Author:
Dr. Hanan A. Balto, Assistant Professor
Department of Restorative Dental Sciences
College of Dentistry, King Saud University
P.O. Box 62645, Riyadh 11595, Saudi Arabia
Email: [email protected]
Egyptian and kuwaiti arabic in contact: the case of kuwaiti /k, tʃ / and /θ/
No full textStudies of dialect have recently attracted the interest of sociolinguists who are trying to seek answers as to how and why mutually intelligible linguistic varieties may influence one another when they come into contact, and more importantly the linguistic outcomes of such c ontact. These studies show that it is very unlikely that adult immigrants can fully and accurately acquire a non - native variety. Chambers (1992) argues that the acquisition of a second dialect is governed by a number of linguistic rules. In a previous stu dy (Dashti 199 7 ), the author examined the acquisition of three phonological variables , namely, (q) ( ʤ ) and ( ð) of Kuwaiti Arabic together with their variants by Egyptian Arabs whose native Arabic variety is Egyptian Arabic. It was suggested then, that the acquisition of both the variable (k) and the variable (θ) in the speech of Egyptian Arabs are also worth investigating in future research. This study aimed at investigating the acquisition of the Kuwaiti variables (k) and (θ) and their variants by Egyptian acquirers in the light of Chambers ’ principles. 40 subjects were interviewed and 40 hours of tape - recorded conversation were collected, phonetically transcribed and then statistically analysed. Analysis showed that both variables were complex and difficul t to acquire by Egyptians. On the other hand, marriage, gender, and length of stay were insignificant .Los estudios sobre los dialectos han atraído recientemente el interés de los sociolingüistas que están tratando de buscar respuestas a cómo y por qué variedades lingüísticas mutuamente inteligibles pueden influirse entre sí al entrar en contacto, y más importante aún a los resultados lingüísticos de tal contacto. Estos estudios muestran que es muy poco probable que los inmigrantes adultos puedan adquirir completamente una variedad no nativa. Chambers (1992) sostiene que la adquisición de un segundo dialecto se rige por una serie de reglas lingüísticas. En un estudio anterior (Dashti 199 7 ), el autor examina la adquisición de tres variables fonológicas , a saber, (q) (ʤ) y (d) de l árabe k uwait í árabe , junto con sus variantes , por parte de árabes egipcios cuya variedad nativa árabe es el árabe egipcio. Se sugirió entonces que la adquisición tanto de la variable (k) como de la variable (θ) en el habla de los árabes de Egipto podían ser objeto de estudio en futuras investigaciones. Este traba jo tiene el objetivo de investigar la adquisición de las variables kuwaitíes (k) y (θ) y sus variantes por los hablantes de Egipto a la luz de los principios de Chambers. 40 sujetos fueron entrevistados y se recogieron 40 horas de conversación grabada, que fueron fonéticamente transcritas y luego analizadas estadísticamente. El análisis mostró que ambas variables eran complejas y difíciles de adquirir por los egipcios. Por otro lado, el matrimonio, el sexo, y la duración de la estancia eran consideradas insignificantes
Addressing the education puzzle : the distribution of education and economic reform
No full textNo country has achieved sustained economic development without substantially investing in human capital. Previous studies have shown the handsome returns to various forms of basic education, research, training, learning-by-doing, and capacity-building. But education by itself does not guarantee successful development, as history has shown in the former Soviet bloc, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and the Indian states of Kerala and West Bengal. The question is, when and how does education bring high payoffs? Although theory has suggested a strong causal link between education and growth, the empirical evidence has not been unanimous and conclusive. The authors examine two explanatory factors. First, who gets educated matters a good deal, but the distribution of education is complex and not much has been written about it. They construct an asset allocation model that elucidates the importance of the distribution of education to economic development. Second, how education affects growth is greatly affected by the economic policy environment. Policies determine what people can do with their education. Reform of trade, investment, and labor policies can increase the returns from education. Using panel data from 12 Asian and Latin American countries for 1970-94, they investigate the relationship between education, policy reform, and economic growth. Their empirical results are promising. First, the distribution of education matters. Unequal distribution of education tends to have a negative impact on per capita income in most countries. Moreover, controlling for human capital distribution and the use of appropriate functional form specifications consistent with the asset allocation model makes a difference for the effect of average schooling on per capita income. Controlling for education distribution leads to positive and significant effects of average schooling on per capita income, while failure to do so leads to insignificant, even negative effects, of average education. Second, the policy environment matters a great deal. Our results indicate that economic policies that suppress market forces tend to dramatically reduce the impact of human capital on economic growth. Investment in human capital can have little impact on growth unless people can use education in competitive and open markets. The larger and more competitive these markets are, the greater are the prospects for using education and skills.Curriculum&Instruction,Economic Theory&Research,Decentralization,Public Health Promotion,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Teaching and Learning,Curriculum&Instruction,Economic Theory&Research,Gender and Education
Insertion element mediated mgrB disruption and presence of ISKpn28 in colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Saudi Arabia
No full textTaher Uz Zaman,1 Maha Albladi,1 Mohammed Ismail Siddique,2 Sameera M Aljohani,3,4 Hanan H Balkhy1,5 1Infectious Diseases Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India; 3Microbiology Section, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Microbiology, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guards Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Background: In Klebsiella pneumoniae, mgrB and components of pmrHFIJKLM operon play a major role in colistin resistance. Methods: We analyzed 23 nonduplicating colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates, collected during the years 2011–2015, for the possible mechanism underlying their nonsusceptibility to colistin. Isolates were tested for their minimum inhibitory concentrations and antibiotic resistance determinants and genotyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The MLST genes, antibiotic-resistant genes, and the genes of two component system (TCS), including mgrB, PhoQ/PhoP, pmrA/B, and CrrAB, were investigated by PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. Results: All isolates were distributed in eight sequence types (STs) and showed mutations either in mgrB or PhoP genes. ISKpn14 was found in 10, ISKpn28 in four, and IS903 in three isolates. One isolate showed deletion of a single nucleotide in mgrB open reading frame causing premature stop codon. L26Q substitution in PhoP was found in five isolates. Conclusion: The mutations in mgrB were mostly mediated by insertion elements (IS). ISKpn14 is the major IS while ISKpn28 is reported for the first time in mediating mgrB disruption. IS903, an IS5 family member, involved in mgrB disruption in three ST-152 NDM-1-positive isolates, was previously responsible for omp-36 disruption in our carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae and appears to contribute to transform the isolates into a pan-drug ones. Also, the abundance of insertion sites in mgrB indicates the plasticity of this gene. In our isolates, IS-mediated colistin resistance appears to be a later phenomenon than mutation in PhoP gene. Keywords: colistin resistance, mgrB gene mutations, insertion elements, Klebsiella pneumonia
Information, accounting, and the regulation of concessioned infrastructure monopolies
No full textEconomists often characterize the regulation of monopolies as a"game"(between the regulator and the service provider) in which the two players do not share the same information. The regulator is assumed to have poorer information than the service provider about the scope of future efficiency gains and the size and timing of future investment plans. Over time, the regulator must increase its information base so that regulatory targets become more realistic - but this is a costly process. The authors examine the ways such information can and should be generated, especially throughthe accounting requirements a regulator can impose on private operators of infrastructure concessions. (They view concessioning and regulation as complementary, not substitute, activities.) Concessionaires should provide regulators with the information they need to: 1) Compare outcomes with expectations. 2) Evaluate the cost of adverse shocks that may warrant relaxed regulations. 3) Evaluate whether lower costs than expected are the result of better performance or diminished output. 4) Properly evaluate the asset base and charge for the consumption of capital. Information that regulators get from private operators of infrastructure monopolies should be used to make both regulators and concessionaires accountable. In Chile, for example, the privatization of monopolies led to significant efficiency gains, but it took a long time for these gains to be passed on to users because neither the firms nor the regulators were held accountable - until Congress expressed reluctance to endorse further privatization because earlier waves of privatization had not benefited consumers. In other words, information should be used to make regulatory decisions more transparent and to reduce the risk of the private providers"capturing"the regulators.Labor Policies,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Decentralization,Financial Intermediation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Banks&Banking Reform
Antimicrobial resistance, Virulence profiles of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from diarrheal children in Thi-Qar province during 2015
No full text A total of 14 Salmonella enterica serovar (ser.)Typhimurium isolates were isolated from diarrheal children in Thi-Qar province during 2015.these isolates were subjected to testing and analyzed for antibiotic resistance and virulence genes by using PCR all isolates were sensitive to the Amikacin and Gentamycin, while three isolates resistance to chloramphenicol, and nalidixic acid and one isolates was resistance to Ciprofloxacin in addition to four isolates were resistance to Ampicillin. All isolates were positive for invA and sipB genes, eight isolates were positive to sopB gene as and only three isolates were positive to spvB gene. These results suggest that S. Typhimurium from clinical is virulent and able to cause salmonellosis in human and it may contribute to pathogenesis. This article is a part of master thesis
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