1,721,111 research outputs found
Tissue distribution and depletion of amoxicillin in seabream (Sparum aurata) after oral administration
No full textCarbaryl distribution in rabbit tissues and body fluids
No full textAfter single po administration of 14C-naphthylcarbamate, liquid scintillation assays evaluated the distribution of carbaryl in rabbit serum, liver, kidneys, small and large intestine, spleen, heart, muscles of the thigh and lungs and its excretion in urine and feces at 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after dosing. At 2 and 8 h radioactivity was not observed in spleen, heart, muscle and lungs, while all other tissues had increased values up to 6 h. The main excretory pathway of carbaryl was the kidneys
Evaluation of “spirotome manual biopsy device” for liver biopsy of iguanas (iguana iguana).
No full text
Relative oral bioavailability of microgranulated amoxicillin in pigs
No full textA new microgranulated formulation of amoxicillin trihydrate for in-feed medication was developed using a lipogelled matrix. Its relative bioavailability was compared with powdered drug in pigs and an assessment was made to determine whether therapeutic concentrations were achieved. Microgranules containing 10% (MICR10) and 30% (MICR30) amoxicillin and free amoxicillin trihydrate powder (reference, AMX) were administered at dosages of 50 mg of amoxicillin/kg b.w. using a three-way-crossover design. Amoxicillin analysis in serum was performed by a sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with fluorometric detection, using an extraction procedure already described for edible tissues of fish and adapted and validated for pig serum. The oral bioavailability of both microgranulated formulations was higher than that of the reference formulation [relative bioavailability (F): 153.9 ± 58.2% for MICR10; 126.2 ± 70.5% for MICR30] and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) values of MICR10 and AMX formulations were significantly different (P < 0.05). Differences between the mean maximum concentration (Cmax), time of Cmax (tmax) and mean residence time (MRT) of the drug formulations were not significant. Microgranulated amoxicillin is suitable for in-feed administration to pigs and, because of its higher oral bioavailability compared with the powdered compound, it may be more effective for the treatment of susceptible infections
Recovery of Polyhydroxyalkanoates From Single and Mixed Microbial Cultures: A Review
Full text linkAn overview of the main polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) recovery methods is here reported, by considering the kind of PHA-producing bacteria (single bacterial strains or mixed microbial cultures) and the chemico-physical characteristics of the extracted polymer (molecular weight and polydispersity index). Several recovery approaches are presented and categorized in two main strategies: PHA recovery with solvents (halogenated solvents, alkanes, alcohols, esters, carbonates and ketones) and PHA recovery by cellular lysis (with oxidants, acid and alkaline compounds, surfactants and enzymes). Comparative evaluations based on the recovery, purity and molecular weight of the recovered polymers as well as on the potential sustainability of the different approaches are here presented
INDAGINI SULLE FUNZIONI METABOLICHE DI UNA LINEA CONTINUA DI CELLULE EPITELIALI MAMMARIE DI BOVINO (BME-UV1)
No full textAflatoxin B1 and clinoptilolite in feed for laying hens: Effects on egg quality, mycotoxin residues in livers, and hepatic mixed-function oxygenase activities
No full textNinety-six laying hens were allocated to four groups administered different diets (group 0-0 received a complete diet, group 0-AF received a diet supplemented with 2.5 ppm of aflatoxin B1 [AFB1], group 2-0 received a diet supplemented with 2% clinoptilolite [CPL], and group 2-AF received a diet supplemented with 2% CPL and 2.5 ppm of AFB1) for 4 weeks to evaluate the effect of AFB1 and/or CPL on egg quality and the ability of CPL to interact with the oral administration of AFB1. The possible effects of AFB1 on cytochrome P450-dependent hepatic mixed-function oxygenase (MFO) activities were also evaluated. Mycotoxin reduced yolk weight, while CPL influenced albumen percentage relative to that of eggs laid by chickens in group 0-AF. Eggs laid by chickens in groups 0-AF and 2-AF had stronger shells and weighed less than the eggs of other groups. The eggs of treated groups were lighter in color than those of the control group (P < 0.01), and the tendency to yellowness in eggs was increased by CPL, probably through the affinity of red pigments for adsorbents and a consequent prevalence of yellow tonality. Color parameters might be connected with AFB1's interference with lipid metabolism and pigment deposition. The livers of hens in groups 0-AF and 2-AF showed very low mycotoxin concentrations that were significantly different (P < 0.01). The highest levels observed were those in the livers of the hens receiving the diet supplemented with the mycotoxin alone. AFB1 did not exert any significant effects on the hepatic MFO activities examined
Investigation of the metabolic activity of a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (BME-UV1)
No full textThe metabolic activity of a mammary epithelial cell line (BME-UV1) was evaluated on
monolayers exposed, in serum free medium, to different concentrations (2-4-8 μM) of
aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a mycotoxin eliminated into milk especially as hydroxylated
metabolite aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). After 4, 8, 12, 24 h of treatment, a dose and time
dependent production of AFM1 has been detected. As the enzymes involved in the
hydroxylation of AFB1 in bovine hepatocytes are mainly CYP1A and CYP3A, the results
suggest that BME-UV1 express CYP450 isoenzymes which metabolize AFB1 thus
representing a potential model for the investigation of the metabolic activity of bovine
mammary epithelial tissue
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