63 research outputs found
A reappraisal of attitudes to the 'People of the Book' in the Qur'an and hadith, with particular reference to Muslim fiscal policy and the covenant of 'Umar
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Effect of Metacognitive Strategies on Secondary School Students to Achieve Sustainable Learning Skills
No full textThis study aimed to determine the effect of metacognitive strategies on secondary school students’ self-regulation, self-consciousness, and learning skills. Using a quasi-experimental research design with a pre and post-test technique, the data was gathered from the secondary school students with the assistance of the integration of metacognitive strategies within the lectures of the science instructors. The findings of the study reveal a significant effect of using metacognitive strategies within science lectures on the self-regulation and learning skills of secondary school students. The study recommends that science instructors consider implementing appropriate metacognitive techniques in the classroom, in particular, and the schools’ management to arrange workshops for science instructors to learn to integrate the metacognitive techniques, in general
al-Misbāh fī al-Nahw By Nāsir al-Dīn al-Mutarrizī al-Nahwī (d. 610/1213) A Critical Edition of the Text with the Life History of the Author
No full textNāsir al-Dīn al-Mutarrizī al-Nahwī (d.610/1213) was one of the most renowned figures in the field of Arabic Grammar. He has left an indelible mark on the world of Arabic language and literature. He is also known as the successor of al-Zamakhsharī.
He wrote a number of books but his al-Misbāh fī al-Nahw gained prominence at a level that no other book in this field could claim to achieve. For this reason, a great number of commentaries have been written in every age, of which the most famous are al-Daw and Khulāsat al-I‘rāb written by Tāj al-Dīn al-Isfrā’īnī and ‘Abd al- Karīm al-Tūsī (better known as Hājjī Bābā) respectively. Moreover, its translation into other languages also demonstrates its value as a useful book.
Although al-Misbāh has been edited on more than one occasion, the published editions do not fulfil the needs and requirements of modern academic research criteria. The basic aim of this thesis is to present this book with a current modern research style so that the students, teachers and ordinary readers of Arabic language and literature may benefit from this work.
This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the life history of the author and his other works. A brief note of the environment under which he grew up (generally referred to as the ‘Seljuk’ period) is also included in this part.
The second part consists of a text edition that deals with the derivation (Takhrīj) of syntactical issues together with the differing opinions of grammarians on syntactical/grammatical issues. This part also proffers the idiomatic English translation of al-Misbāh
A Study on Head Teachers Interpersonal Relations in Teachers Enthusiasm towards Job at Secondary Level
No full textThe study was conducted to determine the impact of head teachers’ interpersonal relations in teachers’ enthusiasm towards job at secondary school level. Population of the study was comprised of head teachers, secondary school teachers, and students of secondary classes. Sample of the study consisted of 250 respondents including 10 head teachers, 40 secondary school teachers and 200 students of secondary classes with the equal ratio from urban and rural areas. Random sampling technique was adopted for the selection of sample. 22The questionnaire was used as research tool for data collection based on different head teachers’ behaviours. After ensuring validity and reliability of research tools, desired data were collected. The collected data were analyzed by using relevant descriptive statistics through SPSS-21such as frequency, percentage, standard deviation etc. The study found that secondary school teachers were highly motivated in democratic behaviour, mostly in achievement oriented behaviour and then in situational behaviour but least motivated under lassies-fair and authoritarian managerial behavior. The study revealed that head teachers’ management interpersonal relations’ have significant contribution to the teachers’ job satisfaction. Head teachers should apply management interpersonal relations that cause to enhance teachers’ job satisfaction and enthusiasm
Emotional Intelligence and Anxiety Handling in Secondary Grade Students by Classroom Managerial Style
No full textEmotional intelligence means not only controlling emotions, solving inner problems and mental conflicts, but also steaming other people\u27s mental problems and their conflicts. It is also used to assess the emotions of others, their inner conflicts, and their mental anxieties. Understanding Emotional Intelligence (EI) by the teacher can reduce emotional distress and stress in students and guide them to the best of their ability for teamwork, and harmony. The research sample comprised 250 secondary grade students equally distributed under five classroom managerial styles in Rahimyar Khan. A questionnaire was used for data collection, based on ten themes: enthusiasm, self-awareness, motivation, social skills, self-regulation, and collaboration, atmosphere of trust, mutual harmony, enthusiasm, and empathy. Overall, it was clear that students were more enthusiastic, self-aware, motivated, socially skilled, self-regulated, collaborated, trusted, mutually harmonial, coherent, and empathetic in the democratic operational atmosphere. This was visible mostly in an achievement-oriented classroom atmosphere and then in the situational classroom atmosphere, but least in laissez-faire and authoritarian classroom atmosphere. Overall anxiety revealed that students are very anxious in laissez-faire and authoritarian classroom atmospheres. The results will play a dominant role for teachers to think about their overall management style in the classrooms
Conflict of law and the methodology of Tarjīẖ : a study in Islamic legal theory
No full textIslamic law never achieved unity but expressed itself in, at least, four surviving schools. More interestingly, contemporary Muslim communities are still divided among themselves on a number of issues related to their laws. This work describes how problem of legal conflicts have been tackled by Muslim jurists. It is an attempt to examine closely the phenomenon of conflict in Islamic law from the standpoint of usūl-al-fiqh or Islamic legal theory. In fact, much is heard nowadays of the contradiction in the body of Islamic law. Whilst in contrast, little is presented in terms of the methodology of removing this conflict. The present work therefore, attempts to redress this balance. The emphasis of the work will be concerned primarily with tarjīh methodology ; how to give preference to one piece of evidence or argument over the other when they conflict. Nevertheless, considerable concern is given to investigating the background to the conflict of law in the Shari'ah.
This study of a neglected area in Islamic legal scholarship will be an important source of reference to students, both practising and theoretical jurists or to anyone who merely wishes to increase his knowledge of legal themes, particularly legal conflict. The very aim of the work is to argue that conflict is a natural and unavoidable consequence of legal study because legal conflict is only conflicting principles and arguments adduced by both the classical and modern jurists to reach what is actually intended by God in the target case. Therefore, conflicts are inevitable in most of the cases in fiqh owing to the variety of principles set out to deal with one piece of legal evidence, let alone with all the pieces of legal evidence in question.
Tarjīh is therefore, an important and workable instrument in the re-examination of these conflicts and in arriving at the most accurate principle for establishing the law for as long as this is possible. It is hoped that the discovery of new facts and the increase of knowledge which results from the broadening and deepening of the research will positively contribute to the process of unification of Islamic law
The relationship between ilm and khabar in the work of al-Shafii
No full textThis study examines in detail the basis of al-Shafi`i's arguments for the
supremacy of oral tradition over communal legal practice. It concentrates on one
broad issue, the definition of `ilm (knowledge) and one technical issue, the problem
of authenticating a particular khabar (oral tradition or report, plural akhbar, ) and its
binding nature, especially a report of the category known as the specialists' report
(khabar al-khassa). On the first issue, this study examines the concept of knowledge
based on reports (`ilm al-khabar) because it had an important influence on al-Shafi`i.
This is followed by a detailed account of al-Shafi`i's own discussion of `ilm. It brings
out clearly that al-Shafi`i means religious law when discussing `ilm. It also shows
how knowledge of religious law can be obtained. Al-Shafi`i's approach is to restrict
the argument to knowledge of specialised and debatable points, rather than what is
generally accepted. He seeks to prove the indispensability in this area of specialists'
knowledge of reliable documentation external to the law itself. The following chapter
deals with the question of authenticating a khabar from the Prophet (a hadith), not as
purely technical question but within a polemical context in which the practical
difficulty of authenticating a khabar was used by those opposed to the intellectual
dominance of oral tradition as a reason not to use the khabar. In the final chapter al-
Shaf i's arguments with two identifiable schools of opposing thought, ahl al-kaläm
and ahl al-figh, are examined in detail. The thesis as a whole gives a significant
insight into the efficacy and durability of al-Shafi`i's arguments, not so much by
defeating his opponents' arguments but by buttressing those of the defenders and
advocates of oral tradition
Astrology in literature: how the prohibited became permissible in the Arabic poetry of the mediaeval period
No full textThis thesis is concerned to position the art of astrology within the context of classical Arabic poetry, primarily by investigating and elucidating attitudes to the notion of
qadar (fate) and the ideology in which it was embedded. These attitudes were revelatory of the broader world view of the Arabs of those periods, and their shifts from those held in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras tell us a good deal about the importance given to the nature and role of fate and about the various understandings of its influence. The pre-Islamic Arab's notion of qadar was in some ways similar to that of the early Muslims: both emphasised predetermination and the irresistible power of fate. But while the jahilf (Pre-Islamic) Arabs identified fate with the malign power of dahr (Time), the Muslims believed the power of fate lies in the hands of God the
Omnipotent, who alone is responsible for the fate of the whole universe. Thus the astrology of the pre-Islamic era was one aspect of divination (kihana) and claimed to be
able to reveal in advance an individual's destiny, which could be avoided by taking certain precautions. These precautions, however, were considered effective only in
relatively trivial cases; they were useless in the areas of major impact: a person's happiness or misery (shaqiiwa aw sa ada), sustenance (rizq) and one's term (ajal), the
three inevitable and irresistible manifestations of fate. In the Islamic period not only these major aspects of life are governed and controlled by the Omnipotent; the destiny
of the universe, in even its most minute details, is determined and controlled by God alone. Astrology was considered to be of no value whatsoever, and its practitioners were subject to the death penalty. These two irreconcilable views are evident in early Islamic poetry, which reflected clearly the response of poets, and society, to astrology from the perspective of qadar.
When the orthodox caliphate was replaced by dynastic rule the status of astrology was changed dramatically. The idea that the stars, as indicators, play a role in the life of
human beings found popowerful supporters in some governors of the Islamic world, who allowed astrology to fulfil a public function regardless of the hostility of the official
religion of that society. This social phenomenon generated rich material of a controversial character in the realm of literature. Investigating the factors, motivations
and impact of mediaeval political, theological and philosophical attitudes to astrology, in relation to the notions of free will and predestination, is the concern of this study
Identification of Dropout Reasons in Public Girls Secondary Schools in South Punjab Pakistan
No full textThis study examines the root causes of the elevated percentages of female students discontinuing their education in public secondary schools in South Punjab, Pakistan. The research used a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys and interviews with children, parents, teachers, and educational administrators to collect thorough data. The key findings suggest that dropout rates are highly influenced by socio-economic factors, cultural norms, early marriages, and insufficient educational infrastructure. Moreover, the problem is worsened by gender-based discrimination and the absence of female role models in the education system. The report emphasizes the immediate necessity for governmental interventions targeting the enhancement of school infrastructure, the advancement of gender parity, and the provision of financial incentives to bolster girls\u27 education in this particular area
IDENTIFICATION OF ACADEMIC CHALLENGES TO PROMOTE ACADEMIC QUALITY AT WORKERS WELFARE SCHOOLS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN-EXPLORATORY FACTOR ANALYSIS (EFA) OF THE INSTRUMENT
No full textThis study conducted an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) on an instrument named “Identification of Academic Challenges to Promote Academic Quality at Workers Welfare Schools.” The instrument was developed for the Punjab Workers Welfare Fund Government of the Punjab. It was tested on various stakeholders, including principals, teachers, and students of workers welfare schools. The instrument’s reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach’s α of .876. Its validity was supported by 10 domains encompassing 24 items. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure verified the sampling adequacy for the analysis (KMO = .828). The study recommends using this scale in future research. It also suggests further psychometric testing within Pakistan and other countries to enhance its reliability and validity. This instrument is expected to provide a reliable and valid tool for identifying academic challenges and promoting academic quality in workers welfare schools
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