24 research outputs found
Improvement of the Rubbing Fastness of Cotton Fiber in Indigo/Silicon Non-Aqueous Dyeing Systems
No full textIn order to solve the poor rubbing fastness of dyed cotton fiber in the indigo/silicon non-aqueous dyeing system, the process parameters of the silicon non-aqueous dyeing system were optimized. Dyed cotton fiber was post-treated to achieve the optimum dyeing conditions for obtaining a better rubbing fastness. Meanwhile, the dyeing performance of cotton fiber in a traditional water bath and silicon non-aqueous dyeing system was compared. The results showed that the rubbing fastness of dyed cotton fiber in the silicon non-aqueous dyeing system (one dyeing) was lower than that of traditional water bath (twelve cycles), although the color depth of dyed cotton fiber was deeper. For obtaining a good rubbing fastness, the optimum temperature was about 70 °C and the optimal dyeing cycle was one. Moreover, fixing agents can significantly improve the rubbing fastness of dyed cotton fiber. Especially, cationic waterborne polyurethane had an optimal fixing effect on the dyed cotton fiber. Soft finishing would weaken the effect of fixing finishing on the dyed cotton fiber, but the softener can significantly improve the handle of dyed cotton fiber
An Innovative Spherical Fuel Element to Inhibit the Infiltration of Liquid Fluoride Salt in Molten Salt Reactor
No full textTo inhibit the infiltration of liquid fluoride salt and easy to load and unload, fuel element in molten salt reactor (MSR) was isostatically pressed with an innovative design: A fuel-free low density graphite core of ≤ 30 mm diameter embedded in fuel-zone shell of ≥ 2.5 mm thickness, and then enveloped in a high density graphite shell of ≥ 5 mm thickness. Bulk density of the spherical fuel element can be designed from the range of 1.65–1.80 g/cm3, which is lower than the density of the liquid fluoride salt to make sure the fuel element can float in the MSR to load and unload. Characteristics of mercury infiltration and molten salt infiltration in graphite shell were investigated and compared with A3-3 graphite to identify the infiltration behaviors. The results indicated that the graphite shell has a low porosity about 9%, and an average pore diameter of 100 nm. The fluoride salt occupation of A3-3 was 10 wt% under 6.5 atm, whereas the salt gain did not infiltrate in graphite shell even up to 6.5 atm. It demonstrated that the outside graphite shell could inhibit the infiltration of liquid fluoride salt effectively. At the operating temperature of MSR (700 °C), thermal conductivity of graphite shell was 13.61 W/m K. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of outside graphite shell lied in 6.01×10−6 K−1 (α⫽) and 6.15×10−6 K−1 (α⊥) at the temperature range of 25–700 °C. The anisotropies factor of graphite shell calculated by CTE maintained below 1.12, which could meet the requirement of the spherical fuel element (below 1.30). The constant isotropic properties of graphite shell are beneficial for the integrity and safety of the spherical fuel element for a MSR.</jats:p
The Influence of Silicone Softeners on Fabric Stain Removal and Whiteness Maintenance During Home Laundry
No full textPopular Content Distribution in Vehicular Networks using Coalition Formation Games
No full textIn this paper, we address the popular content distribution (PCD) problem in a highway scenario, in which popular files are distributed to a group of on-board units (OBUs) driving through a single roadside unit (RSU). Due to the high speeds, the OBUs may not finish downloading a large file within the limited time for vehicle-to-roadside (V2R) communication and a peer-to-peer (P2P) network consisting of OBUs out of the RSU coverage can be constructed for completing the file delivery process. However, due to fast and unpredictable topological changes of the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), the static methods in traditional P2P networks can be inefficient. We model this problem as a coalition formation game with transferable utilities, and propose a coalition formation algorithm that converges into a Nash-stable partition adapting to environmental changes. Based on this algorithm, we further propose a distributed scheme for the overall PCD problem. Simulation results show that our scheme presents a considerable performance improvement relative to the non-cooperative case using the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA).TelecommunicationsEICPCI-S(ISTP)
Enhanced magnetoelectric effect in ferromagnetic-elastic-piezoelectric composites
No full textThe non-magnetostrictive magnetoelectric (ME) effect was realized in a simple ferromagnetic-elastic-piezoelectric (FEP) composite. The FEP composite comprised two piezoceramic Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 (PZT) plates and NdFeB magnets elastically coupled by a cantilever beam made of phosphor copper-sheet. The effects of the beam length on the ME coefficient and the linear relationship between the ME voltage output and the applied magnetic field at the resonant frequency were experimentally investigated. A notably superior ME coefficient of 3800 V/cm Oe at extremely low resonant frequency of 5.524 Hz was obtained for the FEP composite with the phosphor copper-sheet beam length of 8 cm. Such a composite structure shows the possibility to obtain a magnetic sensor element with ultrahigh sensitivity in low frequency range. The results are of great importance for the basic understanding of the new way to realize giant ME effect and the optimal design of such a composite structure with high ME coefficient. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Chemistry, PhysicalMaterials Science, MultidisciplinaryMetallurgy & Metallurgical EngineeringSCI(E)[email protected]; [email protected]
Superhydrophobic Self-Healing Coatings Comprised of Hemispherical Particles Arrays Decorated by Fluorocarbon-Coated Nanoscale Fe2O3 Rods and SiO2 Particles
No full text
Anisotropic Hexagonal Particles Induced by the Double-Solvent Swelling Method
No full textNonspherical anisotropic particles, as basic building
blocks, have
been catching much attention in recent decades. However, it is still
a challenge to produce nonspherical particles by traditional approaches.
Here, we reported a facile method to fabricate hexagonal particles
via the double-solvent swelling method. When the crystal arrays were
immersed in the double-solvent system of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS),
the particles were swollen and squeezed into hexagonal particles.
The concave size of hexagonal particles was controlled by tuning the
mass ratio of the solvent and the swelling time. In addition, the
particles with novel morphology were also prepared by swelling the
arrays with a distinct lattice structure. The monodispersed particle
possesses a well-defined hexagonal morphology and the liquid crystal
phenomenon, which has promising applications in the fields of photonics,
optical devices, and toners
The Design of Focal Plane Splitting Unit in a Hyperspectral Lidar System
No full textA hyperspectral lidar system with focal plane splitting unit is proposed, including an off-axis receiving telescope, a grating spectrometer, and a single-tube detector array. The spectrum of the system covers 380-930nm, and is separated by grating spectrometer. The microlens-fiber coupling system guides the echo signal of 50 channels into each detector. The system solves the data processing problem of the bandwidth and gain the line array and area array detector in traditional hyperspectral lidar. And it also meets the requirement of the high efficiency splitting coupling and weak signal acquisition and detection
A Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Laser Ultra-Sensitive Trace Formaldehyde Detection System Based on Improved Dual-Incidence Multipass Gas Cell
No full textFormaldehyde (HCHO) is a tracer of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and its concentration has gradually decreased with the reduction in VOC emissions in recent years, which puts forward higher requirements for the detection of trace HCHO. Therefore, a quantum cascade laser (QCL) with a central excitation wavelength of 5.68 μm was applied to detect the trace HCHO under an effective absorption optical pathlength of 67 m. An improved, dual-incidence multi-pass cell, with a simple structure and easy adjustment, was designed to further improve the absorption optical pathlength of the gas. The instrument detection sensitivity of 28 pptv (1σ) was achieved within a 40 s response time. The experimental results show that the developed HCHO detection system is almost unaffected by the cross interference of common atmospheric gases and the change of ambient humidity. Additionally, the instrument was successfully deployed in a field campaign, and it delivered results that correlated well with those of a commercial instrument based on continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (R2 = 0.967), which indicates that the instrument has a good ability to monitor ambient trace HCHO in unattended continuous operation for long periods of time
