1,721,263 research outputs found
On Social Utility Payoffs in Games: A Methodological Comparison betwen Behavioural and Rational Game Theory
No full textAre the recent findings of Behavioural Game Theory (BGT) on unselfish behaviours relevant for the progress of game theory? Is the methodology of BGT, centred around the attempt to study theoretically players’ utility functions in the light of the feedback that experimental evidence can produce on the theory, a satisfactory one? Or is the creation of various types of ‘social preferences’ just wasteful tinkering? This article compares BGT with the methodology of Rational Game Theory (RGT). BGT is viewed as a more promising and constructive approach, with regard to the relationship between experimental data and theoretical modelling. However, I also argue that today RGT and BGT are closer to one another than often thought
Behavioral Economics Has Two 'Souls': Do They Both Depart from Economic Rationality?
No full textIn this paper, I argue that behavioral economics, far from being a monolithic theory, consists of two different ‘souls’ and that a fundamental asymmetry exists between them, with regard to the nature of the departures from the economics’ ‘canonical model’ they focus on. While a first class of departures deals with the major cognitive limitations and systematic biases in decision-making affecting economic behavior, a second research area investigates deviations from the classic assumption that economic agents are systematically driven by the pursuit of material self-interest. Even though on methodological grounds the two research areas share a broadly inductive approach – as they both aim at incorporating the major results obtained through several empirical methods (in particular, via experimental work) into formal economic analysis –, I claim that rather different methodological conclusions and regulatory and policy implications can be drawn, depending on the cognitive or social nature of the departures from the standard economic model under study
Altruism
No full textIn naturally occurring environments, altruism is a widespread phenomenon. People often decide to sacrifice time, give away money and make other valuable gifts (e.g. blood and organ donations) to others. Data on charitable giving indicate that, in the U.S., roughly 90 percent of individuals donate money every year, also due to numerous capital campaigns, with fundraising techniques such as phoneathons, door-to-door drives, and mail solicitations being more and more popular. Why do so many people in different countries and social domains donate? What factors drive their decision to give to others? Do givers derive utility from giving? This entry aims to provide an answer to these questions by referring to some key contributions developed in the last years within the huge and growing economics literature offering empirical evidence on altruistic behavior. Since shortcomings exist in both lab-generated data and data from natural settings (Levitt and List, 2007), I will selectively report results from a variety of complementary approaches, namely economic and neuroeconomic laboratory experiments, field experiments and more classic empirical methods. In particular, even though I am aware that altruistic behavior has a context-dependent nature and is often contingent on several environmental factors, I will restrict my attention to what I refer to as its major internal determinants, focusing on the motivational dimension underlying individuals’ decisions to act altruistically
Happiness, Morality and Game Theory
No full textThe chapter provides a contribution to the understanding of the relationship between material and non-material determinants of individual happiness in the context of non-cooperative game theory
Il 'bene' istruzione e la diversificazione delle fonti di finanziamento del sistema universitario
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Attività sportive e supporto alla disabilità: il ruolo del settore non profit nella produzione di beni relazionali e nella promozione dell'integrazione sociale
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