7 research outputs found
PREVENTION OF TUBERCULOSIS AT SCHOOL AGE-AWARENESS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
No full textAim: carrying out of secondary school students’ health awareness about tuberculosis’ characteristics and its prophylaxis.Materials and methods: An anonymous inquiry examination of 190 students at the age of 15-18, 69 (36%) of who - boys and 121 (64%) girls in IX, X, XI classes, from 3 secondary schools in Varna. The inquiry consists of 32 questions, classified in 4 sections. SPSS ver. 19.0 software package was used for statistical data processing.Results: Studies show that the interviewed students are aware of the basic characteristics of tuberculosis. The research displays significant differences between girls and boys` answers. Boys are better grounded in the causes, the processes of transmission and the basic prophylactic measures for prevention of tuberculosis whereas girls are very knowledgeable about the main symptoms of the disease
School policy in relation to smoking and possibilities for prevention
No full textSmoking is a prevalent health risk behaviour factor for the adolescents. Two hundred and sixty students were interviewed - 50.6% boys and 49.4% girls, aged 13-15 years. The survey was conducted in 2007 with a self-administered anonymous questionnaire that was used by the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). The actual school policy in relation to smoking is ineffective according to the students interviewed. On account of the early age of initiation of smoking - 52.1% of the students have started smoking at the age of 12-13 years - the prevention in primary school age is one of the most significant factors for the limitation of smoking and its injurious to health consequences. The authors have proposed a modulus exemplary program for prevention of smoking at schools.Scripta Scientifica Medica 2009; 41(1): 99-101
Immunofan - characterization and significance as immunomodulator in malignant diseases
No full textImmunofan is a modern effective immunomodulator as a product of the newest tendency in world medicine - the molecular nanotechnology. The author and discoverer of the unique patent medicine is Prof. Dr. Vasilii Lebedev. The product is manifectured in three forms: sterile ampullae, spray doses and suppositories in Scientific-manufacture complex `Bionox` in Moscow. Pharmaceutical effect of Immunofan is manifested in three basic directions:Restoration the balance of the oxidation and restoration processes in the organism;Correct the immune system in cases, when the immune system is destroyed in appearance of malignant formation, disease respectively;Remove the possibility for multiple drug resistance (MDR), and by this way the effect of the treatment with other drugs is increased in patients with malignant disease.For the first time in the world a new medicine is created that give the chance to be used to abolish the multiple drug resistance. In the treatment of malignant diseases it is concerned that during the period of chemotherapy should not be taken immunomodulators, because they increase cellular mitotic activity. Just the opposite is the idea that Immunofan should be taken exactly during the time of chemotherapy, because the multiple drug resistance is avoided, returning the cellular sensitiveness to therapeutic effect of chemotherapy. Overcoming multiple drug resistance, the most powerful effect of medicines is achieved in treatment. The effect of Immunofan is developed and keeps for 2-3 hours (rapid phase) and is continued to 4 months (moderate and prolonged phases). In patients with cancer two ways of therapy is recommended. First: by inclusion in general scheme of multipurpose treatment (chemotherapy and operation), and at that moment start the application of Iimmunofan just before chemotherapy or operation, and second followed by continuing of application the medicine during the whole therapeutic period. It is accepted that Immunofan is a patent medicine that has no analogue among immunomodulators manufactured to this moment in different countries in the world. In patients with cancer Immunofan is with proved effectiveness and is received permission and license for application in medicine. Immunofan is recommended not only for cancer prevention, but for appropriate therapeutic patent medicine with proved effectiveness in secondary and tertiary prevention of cancer. That gives the possibility for prolongation and improvement of life property of patients with cancer
Roles of probiotics in cancer prevention: an update
No full textCancer is a serious global public health problem and incidence and mortality have been steadily rising throughout the past century in most places of the world.There are several epidemiological evidences that support a protective role of probiotics against cancer. Probiotics are live bacteria that could exert health beneficial effects upon consumption. At least one-half of all cancers are suggested to have a dietary component. Therefore many of the dietary agents and natural health products have attracted the attention of scientists. In addition to regulation of intestinal epithelial homeostasis and immune responses, certain probiotics have been reported to activate anticancer mechanisms.In-vivo and molecular studies have demonstrated encouraging outcomes, mainly attributed to its antimicrobial effects against carcinogen-producing microorganisms, antimutagenic properties, and alteration of the tumor differentiation processes.The use of probiotics to prevent colon cancer has gained much attention due to positive outcomes. The increased interest in these areas demonstrated the need for further evaluation to better understand the exact mechanisms involved, and to generate uncontroversial experimental evidence
Christian Life Sealed with the Gift of the Spirit in the Sacrament of Confirmation
Full text linkPotaknut pastoralnim smjernicama Hrvatske biskupske konferencije na početku trećeg tisućljeća »Na svetost pozvani«, autor se ovim radom uključuje u promišljanje sakramenta potvrde, i to prvenstveno što se tiče njegove teološke istine, no ne zaobilazi, makar u nešto manjem dijelu, naglasiti također važnost planski organizirane i temeljite priprave za potvrdu. U tome polazi od uvjerenja da je jasnoća i bogatstvo teološkog sadržaja itekako bitna, te da u mnogome pomaže, kako u ispravnoj motivaciji za sakrament, tako i u samom organiziranju i dinamici njegove pripreme.
Autor ima prvenstveno pred očima mlade ljude koji su kao mala djeca primili sakrament krštenja i kojima bi u pripremi za sakrament potvrde trebalo pomoći da u sebi otkriju »skriveno blago« kraljevstva Božjega, »dragocjeni biser« koji je u njih položen sakramentom krštenja. Sakrament potvrde trebao bi prema autorovu mišljenju prije svega biti slavlje u kojem se u snazi Duha očituje radost i zanos vjere, sreća zbog otkrivenog blaga, ali i slavlje s kojim počinje novi život utemeljen na otkriću »dragocjenog bisera«, život »dostojan Gospodina«, plodan svakim dobrim djelom; život otvoren daljnjem rastu u spoznaji Božjoj (Kol l, 10). Iz osobno doživljenog iskustva Života koji nam se očitovao, nastaje neodoljiva nutarnja potreba da za taj Život svjedočimo; imamo, naime, neodoljivu osobnu potrebu da i druge pozovemo u zajedništvo s nama, odnosno u zajedništvo s Ocem i sa Sinom njegovim Isusom Kristom (1Iv l, 2-4).
Odgovornost, odnosno, suodgovornost koju sakramentom potvrde osobno i svjesno prihvaćamo u Crkvi, odnosno za Crkvu i za njezino apostolsko poslanje u svijetu ne dolazi po izvanjskom i nametnutom nalogu, nego prvenstveno proizlazi iz neodoljive snage Duha kojim smo iznutra »zahvaćeni od Krista« (Fil 3,12) i opremljeni za »djelo služenja«, osposobljeni da izgrađujemo Tijelo njegovo koje je Crkva (Ef 4, 12; Kol l, 24) i budemo »sol zemlje« i »svjetlost svijeta« (Mt 5, 13-14), kvasac u društvu i u svijetu u kojem živimo (Mt 13, 33).The author of this article has directed his attention towards the sacrament of Confirmation keeping in mind above all else, young people and the youth, who were baptized as children. They should be, according to the sacrament of Confirmation, even more associated with Christ, the teacher, shepherd and priest, and more intensively involve themselves in the Church and her mission as active place of the Spirit. Particular emphasis is placed in the article on the individual and anthropological aspect, according to which the Confirmation is a opportunity of grace and duty so that the young person can consciously and responsibly accept his Baptism, and decided to choose the path of faith. A young person arrives as if aided by those who have advanced on the path of faith and a living experience of the Spirit, hence the article emphasis the importance of a planned, foundational and organized preparation for the sacrament of Confirmation. The author draws attention to the quality and detailed Plan and program, recommended for Croatia by the Croatian Bishop's Conference and formulated by Milan Šimunović and Bernardin Škunca. He has considered it to be useful to present the plan and program regarding the preparation for Confirmation by Norbert Scholle, in which a somewhat different ecclesiastical and pastoral situation is taken into consideration, particularly the German experience through which it is evident that a different period is being formed in Church history, »in which Christianity will again become a sign of a mustard seed, superficially irrelevant, into small groups who shall by their strength oppose evil and bring good into the world, and based on drawing the world closer to God«.The author devotes the main part of the article to the theology of the sacrament of Confirmation, and according to his thinking, to some specially important qualities and values of Christian life that emanate from the gift of the Holy Spirit in the sacrament of Confirmation. The most important and seldom used concept in this context is, of course, the joy which emanates from discovering the hidden treasure in the field (Mt 13:44), and the finding the precious pearl (Mt 13:46). This finding causes man to be »joyful« and prepared to sell all that he has so as to buy the field or the found pearl. Having taken this into consideration, the author presents question: When speaking of the youth who have received the sacrament of Baptism, shouldn't perhaps every preparation for the sacrament of Confirmation accommodate those who have as children received the sacrament of Baptism; helping, therefore, the young person who was baptized as a child, to discover in himself the »hidden treasure« of the Kingdom of God, »the precious pearl« upon which the sacrament of Baptism is founded?! Only from such a life experience, according to the author's views, can there come to the deep spiritual joy and enthusiasm that is capable to redirect life, and to bring it to a personal and radical decision for a journey of faith.
According to the author's views the sacrament of Confirmation should be above all else, a celebration in which by the power of the Holy Spirit, is revealed a joy and ecstatic faith, a happiness due to discovering the treasure, and a celebration which begins a new life founded upon the discovering of the »precious pearl« and life »worthy of the Lord", fruitful with every good deed; and life open to further growth in the knowledge of God (Col 1:10). From a personally lived experience of life revealing itself to us, there exists an irresistible inner need that we be witness for Life. Namely, we have an irresistible personal need that we invite others into the community we belong to, into a community with the Father and his Son Jesus Christ (1 Jn 1:2-4). The Spirit of joy and enthusiasm for Jesus Christ belonging to the sacrament of Confirmation urges us to perfect our joy by those who are perhaps outside of the mentioned community. If we should finally remain convicted enough to say that the sacrament of Confirmation is a sacrament that personally and consciously accepts co-responsibility in the Church, for the Church and her apostolic mission in the world, then that responsibility or co-responsibility, does not come from an outward and imposed command, but arrives from the irresistible strength of the Spirit with which we are internally »taken hold of by Christ« (Phil 3:12), and equipped for the »work of the ministry«, made competent for the up-building of the his Body which is the Church (Eph 4:12; Col 1:24) and that we shall be the »salt of the earth« and the »light of the world« (Mt 5:13-14), the yeast in society and the in world in which we live (Mt 13:33)
HAVE WE LEARNT SOMETHING FROM HISTORY?
Full text linkKaže se da je „povijest učiteljica života“, a ako je tome tako, onda nas događanja u sadašnjosti i nehotice potiču na opreznost i usporedbu s gotovo istovjetnim događanjima u prošlosti i mogućim sličnim posljedicama. Na razmišljanje nas je potaknuo postupak osnivanja većinske privatne tvrtke Hrvatsko drvo d.o.o. od strane državne tvrtke Hrvatske šume d.o.o., kojega na naše zadovoljstvo Nadzorni odbor nije prihvatio, no prema nekim saznanjima u vrijeme pisanja ovog uvodnika, unatoč tomu postupak osnivanja ide dalje. Pitamo se, čime bi osnivanje nove tvrtke poboljšalo i unaprijedilo poslovanje Hrvatskih šuma d.o.o., što bi trebala biti glavna zadaća uprave Društva? Nepostojanje nacionalne šumarske strategije i politike, omogućuje razvoj ovakvih ideja bez potpore struke. Svakako, hoće li se ili ne ova ideja ostvariti, „pušući na hladno“ komentirat ćemo je i ukazati na moguće posljedice. Uz suosnivača i većinskog partnera Hrvatske šume d.o.o. s 25 % udjela, te tvrtke Spin Valis i Viševica-Komp sa po 7 %, tvrtku bi činilo još devet drvoprerađivačkih tvrtki i Hrvatska gospodarska komora s po 6,1 % udjela. Uz ostale djelatnosti, koje se uglavnom preklapaju s već postojećim u Hrvatskim šumama d.o.o. (?), glavna djelatnost tvrtke trebala bi se odnositi na promociju kvalitete i dostupnosti hrvatskog drva i promociju drvne industrije u tuzemstvu i inozemstvu. Zar jedna od glavnih zadaća Hrvatskih šuma d.o.o. nije promicanje kvalitete i dostupnosti hrvatskog drva? Zašto treba nova tvrtka preko koje bi Hrvatske šume d.o.o. promovirale kvalitetu i prirodnost naših šuma koja je dokazana dobivanjem FSC certifikata? Kao da do sada to ne rade! Zapitajmo se kakav se doprinos u poslovanju (pridobivanju čim veće dobiti koja je cilj svakog poduzetništva) očekuje od pojedinog ulagača? Za svaku industrijsku proizvodnju važni su imputi sirovina i materijala (npr. za industrijsku proizvodnju u Hrvatskoj oni su 2013. godine bili oko 47 %) i svaki proizvođač teži k tome da oni budu čim kvalitetniji, a troškovi nabave čim niži. Kako bi Hrvatske šume d.o.o. zadovoljile taj poduzetnički opravdani kriterij da isporučuju najkvalitetniju sirovinu uz najniže cijene? Gdje je tu realan interes države-suvlasnika da sukladno udjelu u vlasništvu za malu dobit puni privatne džepove, rasipajući za sitniš nacionalno bogatstvo i to ponajprije na uštrb načela potrajnog gospodarenja šumama? Zar su privatni interesi važniji od očuvanja nacionalnog bogatstva kao što su šume? Neki se opravdano pitaju bi li uz moguće poznate ulagače bilo i potencijalnih „tajnih ulagača“ i tko su oni? Svakako, uz potpisane ugovore s drvoprerađivačima po netržišnim cijenama sirovine i lišavanja pratećih djelatnosti u šumarstvu, evo još jednog bisera „uspješnog“ restrukturiranja odnosnog trgovačkog društva. Kakovu to još zaštitu prerada drva treba tražiti od šumarstva, kada u odnosu na konkurenciju ima položajnu rentu – što primjerice Spačvi d.o.o. još treba za uspješno poslovanje, kada joj sirovina, i to ona najkvalitetnija, pada u dvorište uz netržišne cijene? A ona ostvaruje još i predstečajnu nagodbu uz „netaknutu“ istu rukovodeću ekipu, koja je i polučila negativan rezultat. Kažu, spašavamo radna mjesta, a istovremeno zaposlenike u šumarstvu šaljemo uz otpremnine u prijevremenu mirovinu, neopravdano povećavajući broj umirovljenika opterećujući i onako preopterećeni mirovinski fond i smanjujući prihode lokalne zajednice, uglavnom ruralnih područja, pospješujući time, između ostaloga, napuštanje istih.
Osim toga, nije daleko od istine i pretpostavka da je ovakva struktura tvrtke idealno ozračje da s vremenom postane leglo korupcije s trendom širenja i izvan tvrtke. Pušući na hladno, kao što rekosmo, oslanjajući se na već viđeno iz prošlosti, prisjećamo se i ukazujemo na šumarsko-drvarsku korupcijsku aferu „Našička D. D.“ iz tridesetih godina prošloga stoljeća, kada je Država dokazano oštećena za 230,6 mil. dinara, a nedokazano i mnogo više (Izvor: Zvonimir Kulundžić „Politika i korupcija u kraljevskoj Jugoslaviji“). U uređenoj Austro-Ugarskoj monarhiji problem korupcije praktički nije ni postojao, navodi autor. No, pred početak Prvoga svjetskog rata, uvoda u kraj monarhije, javlja se taj problem i to u vrijeme banovanja sveučilišnog profesora, visokokulturnoga i vrlo zaslužnog historiografa i bibliofila Nikole Tomašića, za kojega njegov kolega sveučilišni profesor Vinko Krišković navodi da je „glavni Tomašićev krimen to što je u hrvatski javni život uveo korupciju“. Sve je počelo s izbornim fondovima, a onda je krenulo dalje i kako kaže autor „iskristaliziralo se shvaćanje koje je kulminiralo u tada vrlo popularnoj izreci: Glavno da je sve po zakonu“. Podsjeća li vas možda ova izreka na nešto?
Velika korupcijska afera dobila je ogroman publicitet, vrh tvrtke Našička d.d. – akteri korupcije suđeni su, osuđeni, izrečene kazne su žalbama smanjivane, a kada se krenulo izvan tvrtke prema „vrhovima“, gotovo sve se rasplinulo??? U knjizi od 750 stranica u pet poglavlja, u ovome slučaju interesantno je I. poglavlje (70 str.) pod naslovom „Korupcija kao sistem i smisao vlasti“ i II. poglavlje (326 str.) „Ocean korupcije“ ili tzv. „Našička afera“. Naravno, interesantna su i ostala tri poglavlja. Na ovoj stranici nemamo mogućnost iznijeti sve detalje afere, neke smo izravno, a neke neizravno samo naznačili, te čitatelje upućujemo da otvore našu web stranicu www.sumari.hr gdje ćemo nastojati objaviti pojedine interesantne dijelove knjige.
UredništvoIt is common knowledge that “history is the teacher of life”, and if this is so, then the current events dictate caution and a comparison with the almost identical events in the past and their similar consequences. We were prompted to the above by the procedure of founding a controlling private company Hrvatsko Drvo Ltd (Croatian Timber). To our relief, the Supervisory Board has not accepted the initiative; however, according to some rumours at the time of writing this Editorial, the founding procedure is continuing. We ask ourselves: how would the establishment of a new company improve and advance the business of Hrvatske Šume Ltd (Croatian Forests), which should be the main task of the company’s management? Ideas such as these, despite not having the support of the profession, are the product of the non-existence of a national forestry strategy and policy. Regardless of whether this initiative is put to practice or not, just to be on the safe side we will comment on it and mention some possible consequences. Together with the co-founder and major partner Hrvatske Šume Ltd with its 25% of the share, and the companies Spin Valis and Viševica-Komp with 7% of the share, the company would also incorporate nine other timber processing companies and the Croatian Chamber of Economy with 6.1% of the share. In addition to other activities, which mainly overlap with the already existing activities in Hrvatske Šume Ltd (?), the main business of the new company would relate to the promotion of quality and availability of Croatian timber, as well as the promotion of the timber industry in the country and abroad. Is not one of the principal tasks of Hrvatske Šume Ltd concerned with the promotion of quality and availability of Croatian timber? Why is it necessary to found a new company through which Hrvatske Šume Ltd would promote the quality and naturalness of Croatian forests, which has already been proven by the FSC certificate? After all, they have been doing exactly this for ages! Let us ask ourselves: what kind of contribution in business - achieving as much profit as possible as a legitimate goal of entrepreneurship - can be expected from every single investor? What is important for every industrial production it the input of raw and other material (for example, in 2013 it amounted to about 47% in Croatia). The goal of every manufacturer is to have high quality input at the lowest purchasing costs. How can Hrvatske Šume Ltd meet the legitimate entrerpreneurial criterion of delivering the best quality material at the lowest costs? How does the state - co-owner find its interest to, pursuant to its share in the ownership, fill private pockets for meagre profit, thus squandering the national wealth, primarily at the expense of the principle of sustainable forest management? Is it possible that private interests are more important than the preservation of the national wealth such as forests? There are justifiable queries about whether the known investors are joined by some “secret investors”, and about who they might be. Definitely, the contracts signed with wood processing companies at non-market prices of raw material, as well as getting rid of secondary activities in forestry, are an example of yet another gem in the “successful” restructuring of the above company. What other protection should timber processing require from forestry when, in relation to competition, it has a status rent? What else should, for example, Spačva Ltd need for successful business when raw material of the best kind falls into its hands at non-market prices? What is more, the company has made a pre-bankruptcy settlement with the same, “untouched”, management team which has in fact caused the company to have negative results. They claim, “we are saving working posts”, while at the same time they are forcing forestry employees to accept severance pay and take early retirement. In doing so, they increase the number of pensioners, burden the already over-burdened pension fund and lower the income of local communities in mostly rural areas, which in turn leads to their abandonment.
Furthermore, it is not far from truth that such company structure makes an ideal setting for corruption in and out of the company. To be on the safe side, as we have already said, and looking at the past events, we recall a forest-timber processing corruption scandal involving “Našička D.D.” from the 1930s, when the State suffered proven damage of 230.6 million dinars and unproven damage of much higher amounts (Source: Zvonimir Kulundžić “Politics and Corruption in Royal Yugoslavia”). According to the author, the problem of corruption was practically unknown in the well-organized Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. However, just before the start of World War One, the beginning of the end of the monarchy, the problem of corruption arose during the reign of Ban Nikola Tomašić, a very highly educated and cultured university professor and a deserving historiographer and bibliophile. His colleague Vinko Krišković, a university professor, said that “Tomašić was principally guilty for introducing corruption into the Croatian public life”. It all began with election funds, but then spread on, and as the author said “a belief took root which culminated in the then popular saying:” As long as it is all by law”. Does this saying remind you of something?
The huge corruption scandal received enormous publicity and the company’s top management - the participants in the corruption, were tried and convicted. Appeals were lodged and punishments were lowered and it all melted into thin air when the investigation moved towards the “tops” outside the company???. In the 750-page book with five chapters, the first chapter (p.70) entitled “Corruption as a System and the Substance of Power” and the second chapter (p. 326) “The Ocean of Corruption” or the so-called “Našice Affair” are of particular importance in this case. Space does not allow us to reproduce all the details of the affair on this page. Some of them have been directly or indirectly hinted at; therefore, we invite the readers to access our website www.sumari.hr, where we shall try to publish some interesting parts of the book.
Editorial Boar
Scientific and Practical Conference "Challenges in the Education of Masters of Pharmacy"
No full textTh conference is organised with the fiancial support of European Social Fund within the Project BG051PO001-3.1.07-0046 `Updating and approbation of the curricula of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna according to the needs of the pharmaceutical business and the requirements of the labor market
