159 research outputs found
Genital powder use and risk of ovarian cancer: a pooled analysis of 8,525 cases and 9,859 controls
No full textMartin K. Oehler is a member of the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study GroupAbstract not availableKathryn L. Terry, Stalo Karageorgi, Yurii B. Shvetsov, Melissa A. Merritt, Galina Lurie, Pamela J. Thompson, Michael E. Carney, Rachel Palmieri Weber, Lucy Akushevich, Wei-Hsuan Lo-Ciganic, Kara Cushing-Haugen, Weiva Sieh, Kirsten Moysich, Jennifer A. Doherty, Christina M. Nagle, Andrew Berchuck, Celeste L. Pearce, Malcolm Pike, Roberta B. Ness, Penelope M. Webb, for the Australian Cancer Study, Ovarian Cancer, and the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group, Mary Anne Rossing, Joellen Schildkraut, Harvey Risch, and Marc T. Goodman, on behalf of the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortiu
Role of noble donations in modernization of the military education in Russia in the first half of the XIX century
No full textDevelopment of Roadway Weather Severity Index
No full text Winter weather conditions play a significant role in the operation of the surface transportation system, including heightening safety risks for motorists. Previous research has sought to correlate winter weather severity with maintenance costs through the use of indices, although few have been developed to relate winter weather parameters to safety. This paper summarizes a research project using data from California, Montana, and Oregon to quantify relationships between winter weather and safety. Many model forms were reviewed, and then linear models were developed to predict the cubic root of the crash rate as a function of weather parameters. Models were developed for different topographic zones and on a statewide level, with correlations ranging from 0.12 to 0.67. These models were used to develop indices that may be used for traveler information purposes. The indices show promise for application in traveler information and winter maintenance; therefore, recommendations for research are included. </jats:p
Abstract LB-164: The association between p53, MDM2, and MDM2 isoform C protein expression and survival in a multiethnic population of breast cancer patients
No full textAbstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the United States. Despite improvements in survival rates, the disease remains the second leading cause of cancer death for women in the U.S. Breast cancer incidence and survival dramatically vary by race and ethnicity. These disparities may be attributed to racial/ethnic differences in the factors influencing breast cancer development and progression. These include factors such as personal (eg. body size and reproductive history), clinical (eg. stage, grade, histology), treatment course, and genetic susceptibility.
Inactivation of the tumor suppressing, p53 pathway is a common event in breast cancer. Depending on the molecular subtype, p53 mutation is observed in 12-84% of breast cancers and is correlated with poor clinical outcome. In addition to p53 mutation events, p53 pathway inactivation in tumors can also result from an increase in the levels of MDM2, an ubiquitin ligase that functions as a negative regulator of p53. The mdm2 gene produces at least 40 differentially spliced transcripts. The MDM2 isoforms A, B, and C have been observed to be frequently overexpressed in many tumor types and correlated with poor prognosis, however, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood.
To examine the protein expression profiles for p53, MDM2, and MDM2 isoform C (MDM2-C) in breast cancer from a multiethnic population, we conducted immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses utilizing commercially available antibodies to p53 and MDM2, and a newly developed monoclonal antibody specific for MDM2-C (Okoro DR et al. 2013. PLoS ONE) on a total of 791 invasive breast tumors included in a clinically-annotated population-based tissue microarray (TMA). Based on Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and adjusting for age, stage, and estrogen and progesterone receptor status, we did not observe significant associations between expression of p53, MDM2, or MDM2-C and mortality across all cases. However when we examined associations within major racial/ethnic groups included in our TMA (Caucasian, Japanese, and Native Hawaiian), we observed a significant positive association of p53 expression (HR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.02-2.59) and a marginally significant association of MDM2-C (HR=1.69, 95% CI: 0.94-3.01) with all-cause mortality for Japanese women. We also observed associations between MDM2-C expression and all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality for Caucasian women (HR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.33-1.08 and HR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.12-0.67, respectively). However, in contrast to Japanese women, expression of MDM2-C was associated with lower risk of mortality for Caucasian women. No significant associations for Native Hawaiian women were observed. Recent reports indicate that the functional effects of MDM2 isoforms (A, B, and C) are dependent on the presence of wild-type or mutant p53, and our preliminary results suggest that the association between breast cancer outcome and MDM2-C expression is context dependent on p53 status.
Citation Format: Lenora W. Loo, Brenda Y. Hernandez, Yurii Shvetsov, Danielle Okoro, Chong Gao, Jill Bargonetti. The association between p53, MDM2, and MDM2 isoform C protein expression and survival in a multiethnic population of breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-164. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-LB-164</jats:p
Coupled modeling of neutronics and thermal-hydraulics processes in LFR under SG-leakage condition
No full textThe lead cooled reactor BREST-OD-300 is developing as a part of Russian federal project "PRORYV". Two- circuit scheme is used in the reactor for heat removal. An inherent risk of two- circuit reactor is the potential danger of water steam ingression in the core in the case of large leakage in steam generator initiated, for example, Steam Generator Tube Rupture (SGTR). Reactor power and temperature response on vapor penetration to the core is studied, but pressurization effects are not in the purview of the paper. The 3D multi-physics (neutronics + thermal-hydraulics) UNICO-2F code was developed for study of SGTR accident. The code calculates unsteady 3D space dependent distributions of coolant velocity, pressure and temperature, space distributions of vapor concentration and heat release density in the core and 3D temperature distributions in the fuel pins. Guillotine rupture of one tube in Steam Generator (SG) is considered as initial event of the accident. It is shown that even with the most conservative assumptions reactivity insertion due to vapor ingress in the core causes small increase of power in level and as a result maximum cladding temperature continue to stay well below safe operation design limit in the entire transient. Hypothetical option of simultaneous tube rupture in few SG belonging to different loops is also analyzed. It is demonstrated that even in the case of simultaneous large leak in two SG the transient stays mild and temperature in the core after two small oscillations is stabilized at acceptable level. In the long term the analysis confirmed the high level of reactor self-protection against SGTR accident
Special legal regimes for attraction private investment and modern technologies to the development of territories
No full textThe article analyzes the practice of using special legal regimes of doing business to attract private investments and new technologies in the economy of the country and its regions. The author describes the characteristic features and evaluates the efficiency and effectiveness of the tools such as special economic zones, zones of territorial development, clusters, and territories of priority development. The author characterizes key problems and recommends measures to improve the mechanisms of territorial development based on the specific legal regimes
Safety and Mobility Impacts of Winter Weather – Phase I, August 2011
No full textHighway agencies spend millions of dollars to ensure safe and efficient winter travel. However, the effectiveness of winter weather maintenance practices on safety and mobility are somewhat difficult to quantify.
Phase I of this project investigated opportunities for improving traffic safety on state-maintained roads in Iowa during winter weather conditions.
The primary objective was to develop several preliminary means for the Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) to identify locations of possible interest systematically with respect to winter weather-related safety performance based on crash history.
Specifically, metrics were developed to assist in identifying possible habitual, winter weather-related crash sites on state-maintained rural highways in Iowa. In addition, the current state of practice, for both domestic and international highway agency practices, regarding integration of traffic safety- and mobility-related data in winter maintenance activities and performance measures were investigated. This investigation also included previous research efforts.
Finally, a preliminary work plan, focusing on systematic use of safety-related data in support of winter maintenance activities and site evaluation, was prepared
What affects the Russian regional governments'propensity to subsidize?
Get PDFSubsidies funded by Russia's regional governments represented about 5.2 percent of GDP in 1995, almost triple the 2 percent of GDP in subsidies funded by the federal government. Regional policies vary greatly, influenced more by local factors than by the federal government. To find out what affects the regional governments'propensity to subsidize, the authors examined available data for 1992-95, asking: How great is the variation across regions in the incidence of subsidies, and what are recent trends in such variation? What are the relative influences of supply and demand factors in shaping the current levels of subsidy? How do federal budget transfers affect regionally funded subsidies to local enterprises? To what extent are federal transfers distortionary, encouraging subsidies and postphoning the liberalization of local markets? Their findings: 1) Regional wealth and federal budget transfers to regional governments are two of the most important determinants of regional propensity to subsidize. 2) Even when regional budgetary wealth is controlled for, depressed regions (those affected most by industrial decline and unemployment) tend to spend less on subsidies than regions with more favorable economies. 3) Federal budget transfers are quite distortionary, that is, they encourage regional governments to continue subsidy policies and postpone structural reforms. In fact, federal transfers tend to be concerned in regions with the most distortionary policies. 4) Housing receives the lion's share of total regional subsidies, and there are greater disparities in housing subsidies than in agricultural subsidies. 5) Housing and transportation subsidies are strongly counter-equalizing: Households in wealthier regions receive more in housing subsidies and rural populations have less access to those subsidies, so up to 30 percent of regional subsidies are questionable in terms of equity. 6) Federal transfers have less effect on regional subsidies in agriculture, which are influenced more by the region's own tax base and its share of rural population or by such factors as the political influence of local interest groups. 7) To accelerate structural reforms, the federal government might consider reducing the number of recipients of federal budget transfers and changing the rules of allocation of the transfers, in particular by introducing conditional transfers linked to increases in cost recovery.Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Financial Management,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Financial Management,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research
«Digital» inequality of the Russian cities and regions: evaluation methods and adequation policy
No full textThe article deals with the substance and problems of regional disparities in terms of information system development. It provides the comparative analysis of information system development’s spatial spots, i.e. «growth points» - the major cities and «white spots» - the Russian province settlements. The spatial disparities in the information system development are emphasized as a particular object of the state edequation policy. The author describes the experience of evaluation and comparative analysis of regional differences in terms of the information system development
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textWe examined the transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) in 25 heterosexual, monogamous couples (25 men, 25 women), followed up over an average of 7.5 months. A total of 53 heterosexual transmission events were observed among 16 couples (14 male-to-female and 39 female-to male). Sexual transmission involved 13 different oncogenic and nononcogenic HPV types; 8% were vaccine-covered types transmitted between partners. The overall rate of HPV transmission from the penis to the cervix was 4.9/100 person-months, which was substantially lower than that from the cervix to the penis (17.4/100 person-months). Transmission between the hands and genitals, as well as apparent self-inoculation events (primarily in men), were also observed. Couples who transmitted HPV were more sexually active and used condoms less frequently. These results have implications for HPV prevention and control strategies, including the targeting of prophylactic vaccines
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