156 research outputs found
The Australian Railways Union: railway management and railway work in Victoria 1920-1939
No full textDeposited with permission of the author. © 1989 Dr. Alison churchwardThis thesis takes the Australian Railways Union as a focus for an examination of the Victorian Railways between the two World Wars. The development of the union is traced through the optimistic expectations of the early 1920s, the disillusionment which followed the union’s affiliation with the ALP and registration under the Commonwealth Arbitration Court, to the increasing polarisation of the union on political lines as the 1930s progressed. At the same time the union’s relations with, railway management are explored.
The innovative management style of Harold Winthrop Clapp, whose term as Chief Railways Commissioner covered the two decades under discussion in this thesis, is examined and set in the context of developments elsewhere in Australia and overseas. The repercussions of Clapp’s administrative and technological changes in railway work are discussed throughout the thesis, and particular attention is paid to the relationship between such changes and job loss. The problems arising from lack of clarity over control of the Railways Department, which are also examined in a separate chapter, were common to other statutory authorities as well. The financial situation of the railways is discussed in relation to that of other Australian railways. The problem of transport regulation to prevent uneconomic competition between motor transport and railways, which received growing recognition during the period of this thesis, also receives special attention.
During the Great Depression, the Victorian Railways Department and the ARU played a central role in the national arena. The railway basic wage case of 1930, which resulted in a ten per cent cut in wages, set a precedent for all major industries. The analysis of transcripts of this lengthy case has produced much which is of general significance for economic and labour history.
In the final chapters of the thesis, the ARU is shown approaching the radicalism of the 1940s, when large scale industrial action was carried out under Communist leadership. The union in 1939, following two decades of activity as part of a federal railways union, and experience of arbitration and affiliation to the ALP, was very different from the union which had existed up until 1920 in Victoria, with its narrow sphere of activity bounded by ‘the railway fence’, and this thesis explores that transition
Paradigms of Author/Creator Property Rights in Intellectual Property Law: Ethical Implications for the Acquisition, Access and Control of Genetic Information
No full textBook Abstract: This diverse collection of papers attempts to critically address and discuss issues surrounding the control of, and access to, genetic information from ethical, medical, legal and theoretical points of view. Special reference is made to the implications of genetic information for eugenics, the insurance industry, commercialization of genetic testing, strategies for raising public awareness and the value of theoretical, ethical and sociological frameworks in the debate
‘A View You Won’t Get Anywhere Else’? Depressed Mothers, Public Regulation and ‘Private’ Narrative.
Get PDFAt risk for schizophrenic or affective psychoses? A meta-analysis of DSM/ICD diagnostic outcomes in individuals at high clinical risk
No full textBackgroundThe clinical high-risk state for psychosis (HRP) is associated with an enhanced probability of developing a psychotic episode over a relatively short period of time. However, the extent to which different diagnostic types of illness develop remains unclear.MethodsA systematic review was performed to identify studies of HRP participants reporting International Classfication of Diseases/Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnostic outcomes at follow-up. Demographic, clinical, and methodological variables were extracted from each publication or obtained directly from its authors. A meta-analysis was performed of transition to schizophrenic (SP) or affective psychoses (AP) and to specific diagnostic categories. Statistical heterogeneity and small study bias were assessed, and meta-regressions were performed.ResultsTwenty-three studies were retrieved, including a total of 2182 HRP participants, 560 (26%) of them developed a frank psychotic disorder over the follow-up time (mean = 2.35 y). Among HRP participants who developed psychosis, 73% were diagnosed with SP and only 11% with AP (Risk Ratio, RR = 5.43, 95% CI from 3.35 to 8.83). The specific transition risk to ICD/DSM schizophrenia was of 15.7% (over 2.35y). Heterogeneity was statistically significant and moderate in magnitude. Use of basic symptoms criteria in the baseline clinical assessment was associated with a further increase in the proportion progressing to SP vs AP (RR = 17.1). There was no evidence of publication bias and the sensitivity analysis confirmed robustness of the above results.ConclusionsThe HRP state is heterogeneous in term of longitudinal diagnoses; however, the current HRP diagnostic criteria appear strongly biased toward an identification of early phases of SP rather than AP. © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. All rights reserved
‘The art of salvation is but the art of memory’ : soul-agency, remembrance and expression in Donne and Shakespeare
Get PDFThis thesis examines how the dislocation of old beliefs in post-Reformation England affected perceptions of the soul in the work of Donne and Shakespeare. The introduction, using Augustinian discourses on the tri-partite soul, explores how the soul is imagined in post-Reformation England. Current debates on interiority, the climate of anxiety that surrounds religious upheaval, historical readings of the composition of the soul and the problems of its actual representation on the page and stage are discussed. The patterning of Augustine‟s tri-partite model of Reason, Will and Memory is examined, and the regenerative power of concordant Memory that can bind together a harmonic trinity is offered as a solution to the fractured soul. The first part of the thesis concentrates on writings that represent Donne‟s anxieties over the fate of the soul as he contemplates conversion from Catholicism to the new religious order. Chapter One is an enquiry into his unpublished works from 1601 to 1611 and examines the idea of the wandering soul, from The Progresse of the Soule, to the Divine Poems and finally to the redeemed soul seen in the form of Elizabeth Drury in the Anniversaries. In this chapter, I argue that Donne is searching for an alternative Marian aesthetic as he leaves behind his Catholic past, a new image of divine intercession for the Protestant world that might offer him comfort and a route to salvation. Chapter Two explores his very public sermons after he enters the ministry until his death. Here, a pattern of redemption is argued through the salvic properties of the living Word of the sermon that is relayed through the performative power of the preacher. The preacher‟s working space and the power of the Word to viscerally transform the congregation are central here to the soul‟s salvation. The second part examines how Shakespeare explores the „journey‟ of the soul through a selection of his plays, but where the limits of genre impose restrictions on Shakespeare‟s development of an image of redemption. Chapter Three examines the wandering soul in The Merchant of Venice and Othello. Through the trope of marriage, the fate of the souls of Jessica and Othello are explored as they find themselves marginalized in an inhospitable Venice, while their pasts have been forgotten in the attempt to convert to Christianity. Chapter Four explores the use of the female character as an image of Memory that can generate hope, reading Juliet in Romeo and Juliet and Cordelia in King Lear as “soul agents”, whose beneficence can bring about redemptive change. However, the thesis argues that the genre of tragedy examined here limits the soul agent. Chapter Five argues for an alternative genre that opens up the possibilities for the successful portrayal of the soul agent. In the romance plays, the representation of the soul can be seen working successfully to a redemptive conclusion. Romance dramas foreground their slippages in plot and take us into dreamscapes at the centre of which is an essential female influence. Marina in Pericles, Perdita in The Winter‟s Tale, Innogen in Cymbeline and Ariel/Miranda in The Tempest provide a link with Donne‟s presentation of the soul as female in the Anniversaries. Both Donne and Shakespeare suggest the idea of the female in literature as a redemptive figure, away from earlier discourses on the soul that finds itself at the mercy of epistemological wrangling. Donne and Shakespeare re-instate that sacredness and place it within art as an image of Memory, a vital component of Augustine‟s tri-partite soul, but also as an active and vibrant image of possibilit
Challenging Male Hegemony: A Case History of Women's Experiences in British and US Higher Education, 1970-2002
No full textThis thesis is located within the discipline of history, and centres around the
experiences of women in US and British universities. Higher education in both the US and
the UK, as throughout the world, has historically been male-led and male-controlled. This
male hegemony of higher education continues to the present, as evidenced by the low
percentage of women in the upper echelons of academia (for example, professors).
Women in the US and the UK have been challenging this male hegemony since their
admittance to higher education institutions in the nineteenth century. They faced fierce
opposition in their efforts to open higher education to women. This opposition was later
echoed in the resistance to twentieth-century feminists' efforts to found women's studies
programmes.
The male hegemony of higher education is evident in the case histories of the
experiences of women at Appalachian State University (ASU) and the University of
Gloucestershire (UG) in the latter part of the twentieth century. ASU and UG, although
located in different countries, have similarities which make a comparison interesting. The
male hegemony of the institutions, and women's challenges to it, is especially illustrated
when analysing three areas: residence hall life (living), staff issues (working), and the
women's studies programmes (teaching and learning).
Women students at both institutions experienced, and successfully challenged,
strict residence rules through the 1960s. National influences, such as the change in the age
of majority, and pressure from the students themselves brought a loosening of these rules
in the 1970s and 1980s. The conservative nature of the institutions also influenced the
experience of women academic staff. Institutional management was not proactive
regarding women's issues, and there is strong evidence of a `glass ceiling' at both
institutions. The male hegemony of the institutions was also illustrated in the struggle to
found and maintain women's studies programmes
Appropriate Economic Space for Transnational Infrastructural Projects: Gateways, Multimodal Corridors, and Special Economic Zones
Get PDFThis study addresses three questions that arise in Asia when formulating, financing, implementing, and maintaining transnational linkages versus purely domestic connections. Firstly, how is optimal economic space to be defined as a useful starting point? Secondly, how can relevant criteria be developed to define the emerging spatial economy and identify efficient transnational transport networks? Thirdly, what are the main investment opportunities in physical infrastructure that would result in more efficient and effective regional cooperation and integration (making special reference to the potential role of cross-border special economic zones (SEZs) or their equivalents)?asia transnational infrastructure; asia regional cooperation
HyperHamlet – intricacies of data selection
Get PDFHyperHamlet is a database of allusions to and quotations from Shakespeare's Hamlet, which is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation as a joint venture between the Departments of English and German Philology, and the Image & Media Lab at the University of Basel. The compilation of a corpus, whose aim is to document the "Shakespeare phenomenon", is intricate on more than one level: the desired transdisciplinary approach between linguistics, literary and cultural studies entails data selection from a vast variety of sources; the pragmatic nature of intertextual traces, i.e. their dependence on and subordination to new contexts, further adds to formal heterogeneity. This is not only a challenge for annotation, but also for data selection. As the recognition of intertextual traces is more often than not based on intuition, this paper analyses the criteria which underlie intuition so that it can be operationalised for scholarly corpus compilation. An analogue to the pragmatic model of ostensive-inferential communication with its three constitutive parts of speaker's meaning, sentence meaning and hearer's meaning has been used for analytical heuristics. Authorial intent - in a concrete as well as in an abstract historical sense - origin and specific encyclopaedic knowledge have been found to be the basic assumptions underlying data selection, while quantitative factors provide supporting evidence
Cobalt catalysts towards parahydrogen induced polarization
Get PDFMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are two techniques that hold great importance to the fields of medicine and chemistry, respectively. Used daily by researchers and medical practitioners alike, these techniques provide critical diagnostic information for molecular structure determination and irregularities in the body’s internal structures which is often key in early detection of diseases. Despite the frequent use of these two techniques, both suffer from the same inherent sensitivity issue which often increases the time required to collect highly resolved data. To address these problems, several techniques have been developed, with one of them relying on the use of a spin isomer of hydrogen gas termed parahydrogen (p-H2).
Parahydrogen has been used in conjunction with rhodium and iridium homogeneous catalysts in the field of Parahydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP) to yield large signal enhancements over the standard signals traditionally achieved in MRI and NMR spectroscopy. This field has advanced to yield enhancements via both hydrogenative (incorporation of p-H2 into the substrate) and non-hydrogenative methods, however, expansion of the field beyond the use of standardized rhodium and iridium catalysts is limited. This work builds on the application of the established hydrogenation catalyst, (MesCCC)Co-py [MesCCC = bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl-benzimidazol-2-ylidene)phenyl), py = pyridine] , towards hyperpolarization of substrates via PHIP chemistry.
In Chapter 2, the development of structural and electronic variants of the CCC ligand platform is discussed. The synthesis of a chiral ligand and a tolyl variant is achieved through modification of the established Buchwald-Hartwig coupling of the respective amine precursor with 2-bromoiodobenzene. Metalation of the variants is reported with varying degrees of success using cobalt, nickel, and zirconium metal sources. Additionally, the synthesis of an electron rich CCC ligand was explored via the installation of amine, methoxy, and tert¬-butyl moieties in the backbone of the ligand. Success was achieved in the synthesis and isolation of the (MesCCCtBu)CoCl2py complex. Characterization of that complex, as well as its derivatives, was done via NMR and IR spectroscopies as well as X-ray diffraction studies. The application of the (MesCCCtBu)Co(N2)PPh3 towards the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes is discussed and a comparison to the (MesCCC)Co(N2)PPh3 and (MesCCCCF3)Co(N2)PPh3 complexes is made.
Interested in further probing these electronic variants’ impact on PHIP chemistry, Chapter 3 reports the use of the (MesCCCtBu)Co-py and (MesCCCCF3)Co-py complexes towards the hyperpolarization of ethyl propionate via ALTADENA (adiabatic longitudinal transfer after dissociation engenders net alignment). Additionally, the substrate scope of the (MesCCC)Co-py-catalyzed ATLADENA chemistry is expanded, with long-lived hyperpolarization being achieved in the parahydrogenation of alkynes. The impact of the ligands flanking group on catalysis was examined in the application of the (DippCCC)Co(N2) towards ALTADENA hyperpolarization. And finally, the application of rhodium and iridium derivatives of the CCC ligand towards hyperpolarization is described.
In Chapter 4, the expansion beyond hydrogenative hyperpolarization with the (MesCCC)Co-py catalyst is discussed with the enhancement of structurally intact olefins. A variety of olefinic substrates bearing different functional group is tolerated for non-hydrogenative hyperpolarization of both 1H and 13C nuclei, both with and without the use of microtesla fields. Mechanistic studies to probe the route of hyperpolarization were conducted, leading to the attribution of the enhancement to a net-non-hydrogenative route termed PHIP-IE, PHIP via Insertion and Elimination. The application of the previously discussed catalysts to this chemistry and the influence of catalytic parameters were examined.
Finally, Chapter 5 describes the development and synthesis of novel cobalt and copper complexes for application towards PHIP chemistry. The metalation of two bidentate ligands as well as a CCN ligand is explored with various metal salts, with the use of Co2(CO)8 proving the most successful. Lastly, synthesis of a (ArCCC)Cu, (Ar = Mes or Dipp), complex is investigated with three different metalations routes: direct metalation, zwitterion formation, and transmetalation from a zirconium complex.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2023-08-01The student, Safiyah Muhammad, accepted the attached license on 2021-07-07 at 18:03.The student, Safiyah Muhammad, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2021-07-07 at 18:34.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2021-07-09 at 17:32.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #16791 on 2022-01-12 at 12:53:52Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-12T22:35:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Power, value, and the individual exchange: towards an improved conceptualization of terrorist finance
No full textThis thesis finds that the term ‘terrorist financing’ is a misnomer in that much of the activity encompassed by that term involves neither terrorism nor money. Instead, terrorist financing more accurately refers either to the flow of economic and material value to ‘terrorist’ actors or specific material expressions of support to ‘terrorism,’ however that contested term is defined. This finding not only directly challenges the dominant ways terrorist finance is now conceptualized, but also provides the first unified coherent conceptual framework capable of supporting systematic analysis of the topic. This thesis arrives at this conclusion by first critically examining the various – and often contradictory or incoherent – normative, legal, and political contexts that dominate ‘orthodox’ thinking on terrorism and terrorist finance, and then relocating the financing of terrorism squarely in context of the everyday realities of how terrorism and terrorist actors interact with global and local political economies. This thesis goes beyond existing critical works on terrorist financing, and constructs the necessary conceptual foundation for a vastly more coherent, systematic, and ultimately useful understanding of the financial and economic dimensions of terrorism
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