2,595 research outputs found
A crosstalk between auxin and brassinosteroid regulates leaf shape by modulating growth anisotropy
No full textLeaf shape is highly variable within and among plant species, ranging from slender to oval shaped. This is largely determined by the proximodistal axis of growth. However, little is known about how proximal-distal growth is controlled to determine leaf shape. Here, we show that Arabidopsis leaf and sepal proximodistal growth is tuned by two phytohormones. Two class A AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (ARFs), ARF6 and ARF8, activate the transcription of DWARF4, which encodes a key brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthetic enzyme. At the cellular level, the phytohormones promote more directional cell expansion along the proximodistal axis, as well as final cell sizes. BRs promote the demethyl-esterification of cell wall pectins, leading to isotropic in-plane cell wall loosening. Notably, numerical simulation showed that isotropic cell wall loosening could lead to directional cell and organ growth along the proximodistal axis. Taken together, we show that auxin acts through biosynthesis of BRs to determine cell wall mechanics and directional cell growth to generate leaves of variable roundness
Analysis of plasma-mediated ablation in aqueous tissue
No full textPlasma-mediated ablation using ultrafast lasers in transparent media such as aqueous tissues is studied. It is postulated that a critical seed free electron density exists due to the multiphoton ionization in order to trigger the avalanche ionization which causes ablation and during the avalanche ionization process the contribution of laser-induced photon ionization is negligible. Based on this assumption, the ablation process can be treated as two separate processes - the multiphoton and avalanche ionizations - at different time stages; so that an analytical solution to the evolution of plasma formation is obtained for the first time. The analysis is applied to plasma-mediated ablation in corneal epithelium and validated via comparison with experimental data available in the literature. The critical seed free-electron density and the time to initiate the avalanche ionization for sub-picosecond laser pulses are analyzed. It is found that the critical seed free-electron density decreases as the pulse width increases, obeying a tp-5.65 rule. This model is further extended to the estimation of crater size in the ablation of tissue-mimic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The results match well with the available experimental measurements.Peer reviewed
Microtubule-Mediated Wall Anisotropy Contributes to Leaf Blade Flattening
No full textPlant organs can adopt a wide range of shapes, resulting from highly directional cell growth and divisions. We focus here on leaves and leaf-like organs in Arabidopsis and tomato, characterized by the formation of thin, flat laminae. Combining experimental approaches with 3D mechanical modeling, we provide evidence that leaf shape depends on cortical microtubule mediated cellulose deposition along the main predicted stress orientations, in particular, along the adaxial-abaxial axis in internal cell walls. This behavior can be explained by a mechanical feedback and has the potential to sustain and even amplify a preexisting degree of flatness, which in turn depends on genes involved in the control of organ polarity and leaf margin formation
The Intellectual World of Jiao Hong Revisited
No full textThis essay is a critical review of Edward T. Ch’ien’s Chiao Hung and the Restructuring of Neo-Confucianism in the Late Ming (1986). After a re-studying of Jiao Hong’s basic writings as well as other related texts of the late Ming period, this review points out how and why Ch’ien’s depiction of the life and thought of this important late Ming intellectual is more than problematic. Ch’ien is seen to be asking phenomenological-structuralist questions of Jiao Hong’s texts, not placing them in their historical context, and thus misrepresenting or distorting what the author actually said in these texts.</p
The female sex in Jiao Hong Ji : the textual research of the description of Wang Jiao Niang
No full textP(論文)It seems Jiao Hong Ji occupied an important place in the history of Chinese novels. It may be the best classical novel in the Yuan Dynasty,and developed short stories in the Tang Dynasty. Also,it exerted a considerable influence upon literature in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. In this article,first,I am going to identify the author and writing time of Jiao Hong Ji,and then to study the reason why there appeared no lively female figure in former works like Wang Jiao Niang,the leading lady in Jiao Hong Ji,by comparing with the novels in the Six Dynasties and TangDynasty. I will clarify that Jiao Hong Ji, though it follows the predecessors' achievements,innovates their simple classical style of writing,particularly describing the course of things,the action of figures and the dialogues concretely. Thus it succeeds in stressing the heroine'snature,thinking and feeling,and then Wang Jiao Niang appears as a new figure of woman.departmental bulletin pape
How can one be perfected by music?—contemporary educational significance of Chinese pre-Qin Confucian thought on Yue Jiao (music education)
No full textMy dissertation project is an examination of aesthetic thought of Chinese pre-Qin Confucians with a focus on the idea of Yue Jiao (Music Education). Confucius, the founder of the Confucian School is regarded as the first educational philosopher in Chinese history both chronologically and in importance. A central theme in his aesthetics is that the final perfection of one’s personhood as an integrated whole is accomplished by the study of music. In this project, I will analyze key aspects in Confucian notion of music and education, and the links between those two and harmonized social relations. In my project, I propose to argue that education of a personhood as a whole is central to be a human being in today’s world. I suggest that aesthetic education, music education in particular, has an indispensible role in developing a harmonious balance between our rational intelligence and emotional sensibilities. Music education provides an ideal for living in the world today when unity is achieved without eliminating diversities.
My discussion of the contemporary educational significance of Yue Jiao contains two dimensions: (a) cultural, educational communications and mutual learning between the East and West; and (b) a reflective dialogue on education between history and the present. In the first dimension, I find considerable resonance and significant differences between Confucian aesthetics and key issues in ancient Greek aesthetics. Both traditions have a long history of the important role of music in human development and education. But they differ in their understanding of the foundation of musical value: for the ancient Chinese, it is emotive and social; for the ancient Greece, it is mostly rational.
With the second dimension, I argue that a close examination of Confucian thought on Yue Jiao will contribute to the reflection on the nature and role of education in today’s world. For how we educate a student to develop her personhood as a whole in a modern world of fragmentation and over specialization is the most critical question that educational philosophers must address. For this purpose, this project will discuss how ancient Chinese aesthetic traditions may bring new ways for us to understand contemporary educational problems and work on solutions, in ways that bear some relation to Western aesthetic traditions but also diverge in significant ways.Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf ([email protected]) on 2012-06-26T14:12:08Z
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Molecular Mechanisms Regulating the Activation of Eosinophils Induced by S. aureus–associated NOD2/TLR2 Ligands, Alarmin HMGB1 and Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 in Allergic Inflammation
No full textJiao, Delong.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2016.Includes bibliographical references (leaves ).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on …)
Supplemental_Material – Supplemental material for User testing of the psychometric properties of pictorial-based disability assessment Longshi Scale by healthcare professionals and non-professionals: a Chinese study in Shenzhen
No full textSupplemental material, Supplemental_Material for User testing of the psychometric properties of pictorial-based disability assessment Longshi Scale by healthcare professionals and non-professionals: a Chinese study in Shenzhen by Yulong Wang, Shanshan Guo, Jiejiao Zheng, Qing Mei Wang, Yuling Zhang, Zhenwen Liang, Lihai Zhang, Yi Yang, Haohan Zhai, Miaoling Chen, Yuzhen Wang, Yawei Li, Xing Lyu, Xuhui Li, Hongli Geng, Xiaolong Zhu, Fei Yu, Jian Yuan, Jing Zhou, Fang Liu, Haoming Luo, Jianjun Long, Wensheng Chen, Hua Li, Guanqi Fu, Chunxiu Zhou, Jiehong Zhang, Yao Wang, Yongyang Huo, Xiujun Ke, Yuanyuan Zeng, Jiayu Liu, Hailan Xing, Huixiang Xiao, Rui Jiao, Miao Wu, Qiang Tang and Xun Luo in Clinical Rehabilitation</p
Polar auxin transport modulates early leaf flattening
No full text12 Pág.The flattened leaf form is an important adaptation for efficient photosynthesis, and the developmental process of flattened leaves has been intensively studied. Classic microsurgery studies in potato and tomato suggest that the shoot apical meristem (SAM) communicates with the leaf primordia to promote leaf blade formation. More recently, it was found that polar auxin transport (PAT) could mediate this communication. However, it is unclear how the expression of leaf patterning genes is tailored by PAT routes originating from SAM. By combining experimental observations and computer model simulations, we show that microsurgical incisions and local inhibition of PAT in tomato interfere with auxin transport toward the leaf margins, reducing auxin response levels and altering the leaf blade shape. Importantly, oval auxin responses result in the bipolar expression of SlLAM1 that determines leaf blade formation. Furthermore, wounding caused by incisions promotes degradation of SlREV, a known regulator of leaf polarity. Additionally, computer simulations suggest that local auxin biosynthesis in early leaf primordia could remove necessity for external auxin supply originating from SAM, potentially explaining differences between species. Together, our findings establish how PAT near emerging leaf primordia determines spatial auxin patterning and refines SlLAM1 expression in the leaf margins to guide leaf flattening.This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grant 32230010 (to Y.J.), National Key R&D Program of China grant 2019YFA0903901 (to Y.J.), the K.C. Wong Education Foundation (to Y.J.), NSFC grant 31872835 (to C.G.), and the Programa de Atraccion de Talento 2017 (Comunidad de Madrid, 2017-T1/BIO-5654 to K.W.). In the frame of SEV-2016-0672 and CEX2020-000999-S fundings to CBGP, M.M. was supported with a postdoctoral contract. K.W. was supported by Programa Estatal de Generacion del Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Cientıfico y Tecnologico del Sistema de I+D+I 2019 (PGC2018-093387-A-I00) and 2021 (PID2021-122158NB-I00) from El Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU) (to K.W.). This work has been performed in the frame of the initiative “Centre of Excellence for Plant-Environment Interactions (CEPEI)” between the CBGP, UPM-INIA/The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and the IGDB and the Plant Stress Centre of the CAS. CEPEI initiative has been financially supported by the "Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D” from the Agencia Estatal de Investigación of Spain [grants SEV-2016-0672 (2017 to 2021) and CEX2020-000999-S (2022 to 2025) to the CBGP].Peer reviewe
Identifying transit deserts in major Texas cities where the supplies missed the demands
No full textCoined by the author, the concept “transit desert” is developed from the now common concept of a “food desert,” which is an area where there is limited or no access to fresh food (Clark et al. 2002; Jiao et al. 2012; Whelan et al. 2002; Wrigley 1993; Wrigley et al. 2002). The food desert concept has received a lot of attention and influenced planning policies and practices. By applying the same idea to transit systems within urban areas, geographic areas can be identified where there is a lack of transit service. This involves identifying the transit dependent populations as a measure of transit demand, calculating the transit supply, and then subtracting the supply from the demand to measure the gap (Jiao & Dillivan 2013). In detail, transit dependent populations are those who might require transit service to get around more than other people. The transit supply is measured by aggregating a number of criteria that contribute to better transit access and measured within a designated geographic area. Transit deserts are defined as areas where the transit demand is significantly greater than the supply
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