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Li Yujie and the Rebranding of the White Lotus Movement
No full textLi Yujie (1900–1994) was a walking contradiction: a student leader of the Shanghai May Fourth movement and a Guomindang member and technocrat in the Nanjing government, but also a cadre in Xiao Changming’s redemptive society—the Heavenly Virtues Teachings—and eventually the founder of two redemptive societies in his own right (the Heaven and Man Teachings and the Heavenly Emperor Teachings). Through a biographical study of Li Yujie, this article examines the complex appeal of redemptive societies to parts of the educated elite during China’s Republican period. The author focuses particularly on the period between 1937 and 1945, when Li retired to the sacred mountain of Huashan. There, with the help of Huang Zhenxia, a self-taught intellectual also employed by the Guomindang, Li sought to modernize the “White Lotus” teachings that he had received from his master by incorporating scientific insights received via spirit writing. Li believed that he was creating a new religion more adapted to the twentieth century. Both the texts produced on Huashan and the military and political elite that were attracted to these texts allow us to raise new questions about secularism and religion, traditional beliefs and science in the context of Republican-period China, thereby suggesting that the conflict between the modernizing state and traditional religious culture was not always as stark as we have believed it to be. Keywords: Li Yujie, Xiao Changming, White Lotus, redemptive society, science and religion, Republican era, Nanjing decad
Similameconema Yujie & Fuming 2018, gen. nov.
No full textSimilameconema gen. nov. Type species: Similameconema sinica (Liu & Wang, 1998), comb. nov. Generic diagnosis. Body small, medium size for the tribe Meconematini, relatively robust. Fastigium of vertex conical, apex obtusely rounded, dorsal surface with a longitudinal groove in the midline. Pronotum with an entire median carina, metazona moderately protruding, lateral lobe slightly longer than deep, ventral margin obtusely rounded, humeral sinus absent. Foretibial tympana bilaterally opened. Male 2nd to 5th abdominal tergites with tubercular projections; posterior margin of 10th abdominal tergite slightly projecting backwards, with a middle notch. Cercus slender, base with a stumpy conical process. Subgenital plate trapezoidal or pentagonal, styli long. Genitalia sclerotized. Female cercus unmodified, conical. Ovipositor smooth dorsally and ventrally, apices of ventral valvulae hook-shaped. Body yellowish green. Eyes brown. Posterior margin of pronotum with a pair of distinct brown spots. Discussion. The new genus is similar to the genus Nipponomeconema Yamasaki, 1983, main differences: pronotum with an entire median carina, lateral lobe slightly longer than deep, male 2nd to 5th abdominal tergites with tubular projections; the base of male cercus with a process; male genitalia sclerotized. The new genus is distinguished from the genus Meconema Serville, 1831 by the following combination of characters: male 2nd to 5th abdominal tergites with tubercular projections; the base of male cercus with a process; genitalia comparatively stout, apex thin; female subgenital plate without a median protrusion. Etymology. The name derived from the Latin words “simil” and “ meconema ” shows the genus is similar to the genus Meconema in appearance.Published as part of Yujie, Dou & Fuming, Shi, 2018, One new genus of the tribe Meconematini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from China, pp. 569-571 in Zootaxa 4429 (3) on pages 569-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/128511
Similameconema sinica Yujie & Fuming 2018, comb. nov.
No full textSimilameconema sinica (Liu & Wang, 1998), comb. nov., Figure 1 Nipponomeconema sinica Liu & Wang, 1998, Henan Science, 16 (1): 72, 73. http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:502856 Supplemental description. Male. Body middle-sized, slightly robust. Fastigium of vertex conical, apex obtusely rounded, with a longitudinal groove in the midline. Eyes globular, prominent outwards and forwards. Pronotum slightly short, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin obtusely rounded, with an entire median carina, without lateral carinae; posterior transverse sulcus located behind the middle of the pronotum, metazona protruding (Fig. 1A). Without humeral sinus, lateral lobe slightly longer than deep, ventral margin obtusely rounded. Thoracic auditory visible, oval (Fig. 1B). Forecoxa with a spine; all femora unarmed dorsally and ventrally; foretibia with 5 pairs of spines ventrally; midtibia with 5 pairs of long spines ventrally; posttibia with a pair of apical spurs dorsally and a pair of apical spurs ventrally, external margin with 22 spines and internal margin with 24 spines dorsally, external margin with 8 spines and internal margin with 7 spines ventrally. Tegmen long, slightly surpassing apex of postfemur, sometimes not reaching apex of postfemur. Left stridulatory area flabellate, vein Cu2 distinctly robust, slightly curved. 2nd to 5th abdominal tergites with tubercular projections (Fig. 1C). Posterior margin of 10th abdominal tergite slightly projecting backwards, with a middle triangular notch; lateral lobes triangular, apices slightly rounded (Fig. 1D). Cercus slender, base of cercus with a conical tubercle, a third base relatively compressed, internal edge slightly invaginated; two thirds terminal part cylindrical, moderately bent inner-dorsally, crossed, subapical part with some thin denticles (Fig. 1D–H). Genitalia sclerotized, nearly triangular pyramidal, base robust, narrowing towards apex, with a inverted “V”-shaped framework in apical view; apex blunt, apical area bent downwards (Fig. 1J). Subgenital plate trapezoidal, basal area broader, base with a triangular concavity; posterior margin slightly straight, the middle area of posterior margin protruding afterwards in some specimens, posterior margin obtusely rounded. Styli located on posterior margin of subgenital plate bilaterally, nearly conical, apices blunt (Fig. 1F, I). Coloration. Body pale yellowish green. Eyes brown, dorsum with a longitudinal light yellow stripe from fastigium of vertex to posterior edge of pronotum; posterior area of pronotum with a pair of distinct black spots, surrounding area of the spots light brown. Apical area of 3th tarsus, claw brown, apices of tibial spines brown. Apex of cercus brown. Female. Ovipositor smooth dorsally and ventrally, moderately bent upwards, apex of ovipositor surpassing apex of postfemur, dorsal valvulae slightly longer than ventral valvulae, apices of ventral valvulae hook-shaped (Fig. 1K). Subgenital plate triangular, basal area broad, apical area rounded (Fig. 1L). Apex of ovipositor brown. Specimens examined. 1♀, Wudang Mountain, Hubei, 5 August, 1999, coll. Chaoming Wei; 1♀, Wudang Mountain, Hubei, 23 July, 2002, coll. Fuming Shi; 1♀, Honghegu, Mei county, Shaanxi, 2 September, 2002, coll. Meng Guan; 1♀, Houzhenzi, Zhouzhi, Shaanxi, 12 September, 2004, coll. Shengquan Xu; 1♂, Liangfengya, Foping, Shaanxi, 12 September, 2004, coll. Shengquan Xu; 1♀, Baotianman, Neixiang, Henan, 11–14 November, 2006, coll. Fengyan Wang, Wenjing Huang; 1♀, Baiyun Mountain, Song county, Henan, 15 August, 2008, coll. Fuming Shi; 1♂, Shiziping, Lushi county, Henan, 20 August, 2008, coll. Jianhua Huang; 1♂ 1♀, Shiziping, Lushi county, Henan, 22 August, 2008, coll. Jianhua Huang; 3♀, Baotianman, Neixiang, Henan, 13 August, 2009, coll. Liying Guo; 3♀, Baotianman, Neixiang, Henan, 14 August, 2009, coll. Liying Guo; 1♂ 1♀, Baotianman, Neixiang, Henan, 15 August, 2009, coll. Liying Guo; 1♂, Dalaoling, Yichang, Hubei, 22 July, 2010, coll. Guanglin Xie. Distribution: China (Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi).Published as part of Yujie, Dou & Fuming, Shi, 2018, One new genus of the tribe Meconematini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from China, pp. 569-571 in Zootaxa 4429 (3) on page 571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/128511
One new genus of the tribe Meconematini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from China
No full textYujie, Dou, Fuming, Shi (2018): One new genus of the tribe Meconematini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from China. Zootaxa 4429 (3): 569-571, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4429.3.
How do shading and cooling of urban forests across the University of British Columbia Vancouver Campus affect building temperatures?
No full textUnderstanding temporal and spatial variations in environmental conditions is important for determining how urban forests affect ecological communities at the local scale. This study aims to use LiDAR data to investigate how shading and cooling affect urban forests at the UBC Vancouver campus within an ecosystem services framework. To quantify the cooling and shading effects of urban forests on the UBC Vancouver campus, it is first necessary to obtain a general understanding of the spatial and temporal variations in campus temperature to identify areas that have experienced dramatic temperature changes. Next is to analyze the relationship between temperature and multiple environmental factors, including tree characteristics and ground conditions based on local context. The last step is to weigh the importance of each variable to assess the vulnerability and resilience of the region in coping with summer heat waves and mitigating the Urban Heat Islands (UHI) effect. The results showed the mean temperature range of the whole study area was higher than 15◦C, which was closely related to the specific environmental factors such as canopy height, canopy area, and canopy density. This study went further to illustrate that cross-comparisons of the importance of each environmental factor to temperature changes can help predict the distribution of heat in cities and the resistance of regions to heat waves. Additional research is needed on identifying and assessing other critical variables that mitigate the UHI effect
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