226 research outputs found
Becoming Global Asia
No full textBecoming Global Asia centers Singapore as a crucial site for comprehending the uneven effects of colonialism and capitalism. In the wake of the 1997 Asian financial crisis, Singapore transformed its reputation as a culturally sterile and punitive nation to “Global Asia”—an alluring location ideal for economic flourishing. Cheryl Narumi Naruse analyzes how Singapore gained cultural capital and soft power by examining genres such as literary anthologies, demographic compilations, coming-of-career narratives, and princess fantasies. Tracing the trajectory of Singapore’s positioning as Global Asia, Naruse reveals how the country emerged as a celebrated postcolonial model nation and a site of imperial desire that enables subjugation of the so-called Third World. Her readings of Global Asia as an invention of postcolonial capitalism offer new conceptual paradigms for understanding postcolonialism, neoliberalism, and empire.
“Cheryl Narumi Naruse offers a lucid, much-needed theorization of postcolonial capitalism—a mode of sovereignty simultaneously forged against empire and productive of neoliberal governance. An important and original contribution to debates around Global Asia and its cultural forms, with ramifications far beyond Singapore.”— JINI KIM WATSON, Professor of English and Comparative Literature, New York University
“After Becoming Global Asia, criticism about cultural geopolitics and literary studies that disregards Singapore, or does not center Naruse’s cogent analysis on the aesthetics of postcolonial capitalism, will be incomplete.” — MOHAN AMBIKAIPAKER, author of Political Blackness in Multiracial Britain
“If you’ve ever wondered about the dark side of the idea of ‘Global Asia,’ read this book. And if you are looking for evidence that literature can be more than a mere tool of the state and capital, this book is also for you.” — COLLEEN LYE, author of America’s Asia: Racial Form and American Literature, 1893–1945
Shinobium Naruse & Ng 2020, gen. nov.
No full textGenus Shinobium gen. nov. Type species Sesarma trapezoideum H. Milne Edwards, 1837, by present designation. Gender neuter. Included species Shinobium trapezoideum (H. Milne Edwards, 1837). Diagnosis Carapace trapezoidal, longer than wide; divergent posteriorly, widest at bases of P3, with 1 distinct epibranchial tooth behind external orbital angle, posterolateral regions setose; dorsal surface slightly convex, regions well defined. Front deflexed at anterior margin of postfrontal lobes at more than 90°, distally sloping ventroposteriorly; frontal margin bilobed with rounded median concavity, each lobe recurved, directed anteriorly, median concave part attached to narrow, long, clearly exposed antennular septum. Two pairs of postfrontal lobes present, lateral lobes slightly exceeding mesial lobes anteriorly, lateral lobes only slightly narrower than mesial lobes, all lobes projected anteriorly, overhanging onto front. Orbit, in dorsal view, L-shaped, median part of supraorbital margin almost horizontal; inner orbital tooth triangular, long, directed anteriorly. External orbital angle with 1 longitudinal ridge on ventral surface. Epistome posterior margin with 3 triangular lobes, all lobes directed anteriorly. Antenna entering orbit through wide gap between inner orbital tooth and front. Mxp3 exopod with distinct flagellum. Chela palm with many irregular rows of granules on upper surface both in male and female; outer surface granulated but without prominent protuberance; inner surface without transverse rows of granules; narrow rim extending along the occlusal margin of immovable finger to dactylar articulation on both outer and inner surfaces, these narrow rims of both outer and inner surfaces not interrupted near dactylar articulation. Upper-inner margin of movable finger with 1 dense, regular row of horizontal, oblong, tiny granules over most of length in male, row shorter with smaller granules in female. Ambulatory legs (P2–5) long, dorso-ventrally flattened; distal anterior corner of each merus forming falcate lamella, followed proximally by subdistal tooth; carpi and propodi distinctly narrower than respective meri; dactyli very short, shorter than half length of respective propodi. Male thoracic sternum transversely narrow; sternite 8 clearly exposed. Male pleon relatively narrow, bell shaped, lateral margin weakly concave, telson not reaching proximal half of bases of cheliped coxae. G1 narrow, very long, constricted at distal two-fifths, reaching distal fifth to distal end of thoracic sternite 5; beak-like and corneous process narrow. Vulvae opening on distal half of sternite 6, anterior margin adjacent to thoracic sternal suture 5/6, ellipsoidal; 3 rounded sternal vulval covers developed from posterolateral margin, middle largest, connected with lower cover by narrow rim. Etymology The generic name ‘ Shinobium ’ is derived from an arbitrary combination of ‘ Shinobi ’ and the suffix for the Labuanium ‘ -ium ’. ‘ Shinobi ’ is an alias of ‘Ninja’ in Japanese, alluding to the swift and cryptic behaviour of the type species. Gender neuter. Remarks Shinobium is morphologically most similar to Labuanium in its proportionally longer carapace, but the former can be distinguished from the latter by many characters of the carapace, male thoracic sternum, cheliped and ambulatory legs (Table 1). Shinobium is characterised by a distinctly trapezoidal carapace (Figure 8 (a)), whereas the carapace of Labuanium is longitudinally rectangular (Figures 1 (a), 2(a)). The male pleon of Shinobium is proportionally shorter and there is a substantial distance between the anterior end of the sternopleonal cavity and the border between thoracic sternites 3 and 4 (Figure 10 (b)). In Labuanium, the distance is distinctly shorter (Figure 1 (b)). Rim-like structures of the cheliped palm are also present in Shinobium (Figure 9 (b)), but it is entire throughout its length without interruption, unlike Labuanium (Figure 3 (b)). In addition, the anterodistal corner of the ambulatory meri in Shinobium has a falcate lamella (Figure 9 (d)), but that of Labuanium is simply pointed (Figure 3 (d)). The ambulatory dactyli of Shinobium are also proportionally longer than those of Labuanium (Figures 8 (a), 10 vs Figures 1, 2 (a)). The shape of the G1 also differs significantly between the two genera; Shinobium has a medially narrowed shaft of the G1 with a bulb-like subdistal part (Figure 11 (b–e)), whereas that of Labuanium has a more or less straight shaft (Figure 4 (b,c)). When De Man (1892) described Sesarma weberi De Man, 1892 (now placed in Sesarmops, sensu Serène and Soh 1970), he compared it with Se. trapezoideum. Ng et al. (2008a, p. 224) commented that ‘ Sesarma trapezoidea H. Milne Edwards, 1837 and Sesarma weberi De Man, 1892 should be placed in a same genus as they share a suite of cheliped, gonopodal and larval features’. These characters are the presence of a dense row of tiny tubercles on the upper margin of chelal movable fingers (Figures 9 (c), 13(b)), trapezoidal carapace shape as well as the general form of the antennule and antenna (Figures 8 (a), 12, 13(a, b, d), 14(b–d)) (Ng et al. 2008a; Jeng et al. 2003. Sesarmops weberi also differs from all known congeners in having a dense row of tiny tubercles on the upper margin of the movable finger of the cheliped in both the male and the female (Figure 13 (b)). Sesarmops weberi is similar to Shinobium in its relatively trapezoidal carapace (Figure 12 (a)), setose posterolateral regions of the carapace, and weakly lamellar anterodistal end of ambulatory meri (Figure 12 (a)). Nevertheless, Sesarmops weberi is not assigned to Shinobium because of its stout and almost straight G1 with distal corneous beak-like process that is directed laterally (Figure 14 (b–d)) (vs medially narrowed shaft of G1 with bulb-like subdistal part in Shinobium, Figure 11 (b–e)), lateral and median lobes of epistome directed anteroventrally and ventrally, respectively (Figure 12 (b)) (vs both lateral and median lobes directed anteriorly, Figure 8 (b)), the rim along the occlusal margin of immovable finger to dactylar articulation is disconnected only at the inner surface of male major chela (Figure 13 (d)) (vs rim not disconnected on both inner and outer surfaces of both male and female chelae, Figure 9 (b)), and the male pleonal somite 6 is rounded laterally and has subequal proportions (Figure 14 (a)) (vs distolaterally angulated, proportionally longer in Shinobium, Figure 10 (b)). These differences indicate that Sesarmops weberi is not congeneric with Shinobium. An ongoing revision of the genus Sesarmops by the second author and C.D. Schubart will clarify the generic position of ‘ Sesarmops ’ weberi and allied species at a later date.Published as part of Naruse, Tohru & Ng, Peter K. L., 2020, Revision of the sesarmid crab genera Labuanium Serène and Soh, 1970, Scandarma Schubart, Liu and Cuesta, 2003 and Namlacium Serène and Soh, 1970 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Sesarmidae), with descriptions of four new genera and two new species, pp. 445-532 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 54 (7 - 8) on pages 466-469, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1763491, http://zenodo.org/record/460914
Parakonarus kajii Kakui & Uyeno & Naruse 2019, sp. nov.
No full textParakonarus kajii sp. nov. [New Japanese name: Haridashi-Kamakiri-tanaisu] (Figs 2–7) Diagnosis. Male: outer ventral digitiform process on chelipedal carpus long, 1.50 times as long as wide, with one ventro-subproximal, one outer, and one inner simple setae in basal half of process; chelipedal dactylus with ventroproximal triangular process; dactylus and unguis of pereopods 4–6 fused to claw. Female: all pereonites wider than long; antennule 0.59 times as long as cephalothorax; chelipedal merus with six ventral simple setae; dactylus and unguis of pereopods 4–6 fused to claw; propodal palm of cheliped with two inner simple setae at insertion of dactylus. Etymology. This species-group name is a noun in genitive and named for Tomonari Kaji, a researcher in the evolutionary and functional morphology of arthropods and a friend of the first author. Material Examined. Holotype: male, NSMT-Cr 26209 (BL 1.88 mm, CW 0.32 mm), dissected, 6 slides and 1 vial; INSD accession number LC473040; off south coast of Sotopanari Island, Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan, 40 m depth, among cluster of sponges, 10.viii.2016, collected by D. Uyeno. Allotype: female without developing/developed oostegites, NSMT-Cr 26210 (BL 1.66 mm, CW 0.29 mm), dissected, 9 slides and 1 vial; INSD accession number LC473041; same collection data as for holotype. Description of male. Based on holotype (NSMT-Cr 26209). Body (Figs 2, 3A1–3, B, b1) slightly dorsoventrally flattened, 5.82 times as long as CW, translucent when alive (Fig. 2). Cephalothorax 0.22 times as long as BL, 1.27 times as long as wide, pear-shaped in dorsal view, naked; eyes well developed, dark brown when alive (Fig. 2). Pereonites 1–6, with length ratio of 1.00: 1.49: 1.89: 2.25: 2.33: 2.09; all wider than long, with posterior lateral expansion; pereonite 1 with pair of dorsal setae and pair of lateral setae in anterior region, and pair of lateral setae in posterior region; pereonites 2 and 3 each with pair of anterior dorsolateral setae and pair of posterior lateral setae; pereonites 4–6 naked. Pleon 0.32 times as long as BL. Pleonites as wide as pereonite 6; all wider than long, similar in shape, with ventral keel (Fig. 3b 1); pleonite 4 with pair of lateral setae. Pleotelson 0.43 times as long as wide, narrower than pleonite 5, pentangular in dorsal view, with pair of lateral setae, pair of posterior lateral setae, two pairs of posterior setae, and pair of posterior lateral PSS. Antennules (Fig. 4A, a 1, a 2) with 13 articles, 1.59 times as long as cephalothorax; articles 1–13 with length ratio of 1.00: 0.72: 0.15: 0.26: 0.28: 0.31: 0.27: 0.31: 0.33: 0.31: 0.35: 0.29: 0.08. Article 1 with one outer subdistal and one inner subdistal simple setae and three outer subdistal PSS. Article 2 with outer subdistal simple seta and three outer subdistal PSS. Article 3 with inner distal simple seta. Article 4 with three ventral rows of aesthetascs (Fig. 4a 1). Articles 5–12 each with ventral row of aesthetascs. Article 13 with six simple setae, two PSS, and aesthetasc (Fig. 4a 2). Antenna (Fig. 4B) with six articles, 0.39 times as long as antennule; articles 1–6 with length ratio of 1.00: 1.65: 1.00:2.99: 2.26:0.28. Article 1 naked. Article 2 with one dorsodistal and one ventrodistal simple setae. Article 3 with dorsodistal simple seta. Article 4 with three subdistal simple setae and several PSS. Article 5 with two distal simple setae. Article 6 with six distal simple setae (two longest setae slightly shorter than antenna length). Maxillipeds (Fig. 4C) with basis bearing three ventrodistal simple setae. Palp with four articles, naked. Chelipeds (Fig. 4D, d 1) subchelate, with triangular articulation with cephalothorax via sclerite; sclerite with simple seta (Fig. 3B). Basis longer than wide, with free posterior portion and outer dorsal simple seta; inner side with oval plate-like structure (Fig. 4D: †) and elongate platelike structure (Fig. 4D: ‡). Merus with six ventral simple setae. Carpus with one dorsoproximal and one dorsodistal simple setae and outer ventral digitiform process; digitiform process 1.50 times as long as wide, with one ventrosubproximal, one outer, and one inner simple setae in basal half of process. Propodus more than twice as long as wide. Propodal palm with simple seta at insertion of dactylus, and inner comb-row of 16 setae; comb-row almost perpendicular to dorsal margin of propodal palm. Fixed finger short, with two ventral and three dorsal simple setae, and coneshaped claw. Dactylus-unguis far longer than fixed finger, and almost as long as propodal palm; dactylus with inner proximal simple seta, five ventral spiniform setae, and ventroproximal triangular process; unguis conic, 0.22 times as long as dactylus. Pereopods 1–6 cylindrical, with length ratio of 1.00: 0.73: 0: 65: 0.80: 0.85: 0.82. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 5A, a 1) 0.43 times as long as BL, with length ratio of basis, ischium, merus, carpus, propodus, and dactylus-unguis 1.00:0.05: 0.35: 0.51: 0.68: 0.58. Coxa with simple seta. Basis cylindrical, narrow, 4.80 times as long as wide, with dorsoproximal simple seta. Ischium wider than long, with two ventral simple setae. Merus 2.20 times as long as wide, with inner, ventrodistal tiny spiniform seta (Fig. 5a 1). Carpus 3.82 times as long as wide, with four subdistal simple setae and inner subdistal spiniform seta. Propodus 5.70 times as long as wide, serrate dorsally, with two dorsosubdistal simple setae and ventrosubdistal spiniform seta. Dactylus setulate proximally, with proximal simple seta. Unguis 1.43 times as long as dactylus, naked. Pereopod 2 (Fig. 5B, b 1) with length ratio of articles from basis to dactylus-unguis 1.00: 0.09:0.37: 0.41: 0.60: 0.28; similar to pereopod 1, except carpus with inner distal simple seta and one dorsodistal, one inner distal, and one ventrodistal spiniform setae (dorsodistal one broken distally); propodus with ventral serrations; and unguis subequal length to dactylus. Pereopod 3 (Fig. 5C, c 1) with length ratio of articles from basis to dactylus-unguis 1.00: 0.08: 0.33: 0.38: 0.64: 0.30; similar to pereopod 2, except ischium with ventral seta. Pereopod 4 (Fig. 5D, d 1, d 2) without coxa. Length ratio of articles from basis to dactylus-unguis 1.00: 0.10: 0.41: 0.41: 0.67: 0.37. Basis cylindrical, 2.65 times as long as wide, with two midventral PSS. Ischium wider than long, with two ventral simple setae. Merus 2.11 times as long as wide, with two ventrodistal spiniform setae. Carpus 2.55 times as long as wide, serrate ventrally, with dorsodistal simple seta and one longer and three shorter distal spiniform setae. Propodus 6.33 times as long as wide, serrate dorsally and ventrally, with two longer and one shorter dorsodistal simple setae, and two ventrosubdistal spiniform setae. Dactylus and unguis fused to claw; claw nearly straight, with dorsosubproximal simple seta and ventral serrations (Fig. 5d 2). Pereopod 5 (Fig. 5E) with length ratio of articles from basis to dactylus-unguis 1.00: 0.10: 0.39: 0.35: 0.60: 0.32; similar to pereopod 4, except basis with two dorsal PSS but lacking ventral PSS. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 5F) with length ratio of articles from basis to dactylus-unguis 1.00: 0.09: 0.33: 0.39: 0.56: 0.32; similar to pereopod 4, except basis with dorsal PSS but lacking ventral PSS; and propodus with two inner distal simple setae. Pleopods (Fig. 5G, g 1) five pairs, all similar. Setal numbers/conditions summarized in Table 1. Uropod (Fig. 5H) with basal article bearing five inner distal simple setae. Endopod with four articles; articles 1 and 2 each with three distal simple setae and distal PSS; article 3 with two distal simple setae and two distal PSS; article 4 with one middle and four distal simple setae and two distal PSS. Exopod uniarticulate (pseudoarticulation present), longer than endopodal article 1, with one middle and two distal simple setae. Description of female. Based on allotype (NSMT-Cr 26210). Body (Fig. 3C1–5, D) slightly dorsoventrally flattened, 5.71 times as long as CW. Cephalothorax 0.20 times as long as BL, 1.19 times as long as wide, almost rectangular in dorsal view, with one or two pairs of lateral simple setae posterior to eye, and pair of mid-lateral simple setae; dorsal demarcation of second thoracomere present; eye with colored ommatidia. Pereonites 1–6 with length ratio of 1.00: 1.09: 1.08: 1.80: 1.83: 1.29; all wider than long, rectangular; pereonite 1 with pair of dorsal setae and pair of lateral setae in anterior region; pereonites 2 and 3 each with pair of anterior dorsolateral setae; pereonites 4–6 with two pairs of anterior dorsolateral setae and pair of lateral setae. Pleon 0.27 times as long as BL. Pleonites as wide as pereonite 6; all wider than long, similar in shape, with pair of dorsolateral simple setae and pair of lateral simple setae. Pleotelson 0.58 times as long as wide, narrower than pleonite 5, trapezoid in dorsal view, with rounded posterior expansion; setation similar to male. Antennules (Fig. 6A) with four articles (article 4 caplike), stout, 2.82 times as long as wide, 0.59 times as long as cephalothorax; articles 1–4 with length ratio of 1.00: 0.24: 0.41: 0.03. Article 1 with one mid-outer, one midventral, one mid-inner, and one outer distal simple setae, four outer distal PSS, and several ventroproximal fine setae. Article 2 with one outer distal and one inner distal simple setae, and inner distal PSS. Article 3 with two simple setae, PSS, and aesthetasc in distal region. Article 4 with two distal simple setae (one subequal length to article 1) and distal PSS. Antenna (Fig. 6B) with six articles, 0.80 times as long as antennule; articles 1–6 with length ratio of 1.00: 1.00: 0.76: 2.13: 1.08: 0.21. Articles 1–4 similar to those of male (dorsodistal seta on article 3 partly broken). Article 5 with distal PSS. Article 6 with five distal simple setae (two longest setae longer than or as long as combined length of articles 3–6). Labrum (Fig. 6C) not projecting anteriorly, setulate. Mandibles (Fig. 6D, E) with molar well developed; masticatory region broad. Incisor of left mandible (Fig. 6D) with slightly bifurcate tip; lacinia mobilis with four small and one large teeth. Incisor of right mandible (Fig. 6E) bifurcate distally, with anterior subdistal crenulation. Labium (Fig. 6F) bilobed; inner and outer lobes setulate. Maxillulae (Fig. 6G, g 1) with setulate endite bearing nine (left) or 10 (right) distal spines; palp biarticulate, with one subdistal and one distal simple setae. Maxilla lost during dissection. Maxillipeds (Fig. 6H, h 1) with bases not fused medially, each bearing four (left) or three (right) simple setae at insertion of palp. Endites not fused medially, reaching distal margin of palp article 1, each with long incurving simple seta in outer distal region, three distal spiniform setae (two outer ones spatulate; other one rounded, with serrate tip), and one long and one short spiniform setae in inner dorsal region; outer distal margin setulate. Palp article 1 naked; article 2 with one midouter and one outer distal simple setae, and three inner distal spiniform setae; article 3 with seven inner simple setae; article 4 with one outer and six distal simple setae and distal bipinnate seta. Epignath (Fig. 6I) elongate, slender, setulate. Chelipeds (Fig. 6J, j 1) chelate, with triangular articulation with cephalothorax via sclerite; sclerite with two simple setae (Fig. 3D). Basis longer than wide, with free posterior portion and outer dorsal simple seta; inner side with oval plate-like structure (Fig. 6J: †). Merus with six ventral simple setae. Carpus 1.86 times as long as wide, slightly longer than basis, with one dorsodistal and three ventral simple setae, and several inner dorsal tiny spiniform setae (Fig. 6j 1); outer ventrodistal margin extending as cuff over proximal region of propodus. Propodal palm with one outer and two inner simple setae at insertion of dactylus. Fixed finger with two ventral and three dorsal simple setae, and coneshaped claw. Dactylus-unguis as long as fixed finger; dactylus with inner proximal simple seta (Fig. 6j 1); unguis as long as claw on fixed finger, bifurcate at tip. Pereopods 1–6 cylindrical, with length ratio of 1.00: 0.65: 0.57: 0.57: 0.60: 0.60. Pereopod 1 (Fig. 7A) 0.33 times as long as BL, with length ratio of articles from basis to dactylus-unguis 1.00: 0.08: 0.36: 0.63: 0.72: 0.94. Coxa naked. Basis slightly arched, 3.72 times as long as wide, with dorsoproximal simple seta and dorsoproximal PSS. Ischium wider than long, with ventral simple seta. Merus 1.60 times as long as wide, with ventrodistal short (0.28 times as long as merus width) simple seta. Carpus 2.54 times as long as wide, with four distal simple setae. Propodus 3.30 times as long as wide, serrate dorsally, with three dorsosubdistal and one ventrosubdistal simple setae. Dactylus with proximal simple seta. Unguis 1.35 times as long as dactylus, naked. Pereopod 2 (Fig. 7B) with length ratio of articles from basis to dactylus-unguis 1.00: 0.06: 0.33: 0.34: 0.48: 0.36. Coxa with simple seta. Basis cylindrical, 2.95 times as long as wide, with mid-dorsal simple seta and two mid-dorsal PSS. Ischium wider than long, with two ventral simple setae. Merus 1.38 times as long as wide, naked. Carpus 1.20 times as long as wide, with one dorsodistal and one ventrodistal simple setae. Propodus 2.40 times as long as wide, serrate dorsally, with one dorsosubdistal and one inner subdistal simple setae, and ventrodistal spiniform seta. Dactylus with middle simple seta. Unguis 0.94 times as long as dactylus, naked. Pereopod 3 (Fig. 7C) with length ratio of articles from basis to dactylus-unguis 1.00: 0.05: 0.30: 0.34: 0.52: 0.42; similar to pereopod 2, except ischium with ventral seta. Pereopod 4 (Fig. 7D, d 1, d 2) without coxa. Length ratio of articles from basis to dactylus-unguis 1.00: 0.09: 0.37: 0.35: 0.39: 0.38. Basis thick, 1.43 times as long as wide, with three dorsal and one ventral PSS. Ischium wider than long, with ventral simple seta. Merus 1.44 times as long as wide, with two ventrodistal tubercle-mounted setae (Fig. 7d 1). Carpus 1.30 times as long as wide, with two distal spiniform setae. Propodus 1.80 times as long as wide, with two dorsodistal simple setae, two ventrodistal spiniform setae, and dorsodistal serrated spiniform seta (Fig. 7d 2). Dactylus and unguis fused to claw; claw nearly straight, with dorsosubproximal simple seta and serrations. Pereopod 5 (Fig. 7E) with length ratio of articles from basis to dactylus-unguis 1.00: 0.06: 0.37: 0.32: 0.45: 0.36; similar to pereopod 4, except basis with one dorsal PSS. Pereopod 6 (Fig. 7F) with length ratio of articles from basis to dactylus-unguis 1.00: 0.07: 0.32: 0.35: 0.42:0.29; similar to pereopod 4, except basis naked, carpus with dorsodistal simple seta, and propodus with two serrated spiniform setae. Pleopods (Fig. 7G, g 1) five pairs, all similar. Setal numbers/conditions summarized in Table 1. Uropod (Fig. 7H) with basal article naked. Endopod with four articles (articulation between articles 1 and 2 very slight); article 1 with PSS; article 2 with two distal simple setae and distal PSS; article 3 with distal simple seta and two distal PSS; article 4 with one subdistal and four distal simple setae and distal PSS. Exopod uniarticulate, longer than endopodal article 1, with one middle and two distal simple setae. Distribution. So far known only from the type locality. Remarks. Parakonarus kajii sp. nov. is the ninth species described in this genus (cf. Anderson 2016). Among its eight congeners, both sexes have been described in six species: P. fairgo (Bamber, 2005), P.juliae (Morales-Núñez et al., 2013), P. kopure Bird, 2011, P. provincialis (Dollfus, 1898), P. robertsoni Edgar, 2012, and P. sozo Bamber, 2013. Parakonarus corrigendum Bamber, 2013 lacks information from females, and P.oregmus Bamber, 2013 lacks information from males. Parakonarus kajii is the seventh member with male and female information, and the first case where the male and female pair was confirmed by molecular data. Male P. kajii has a well-developed digitiform process on the ventral margin of the chelipedal carpus (Fig. 4D, d 1). This feature is also found in male P. juliae (Morales-Núñez et al. 2013); however, the positions of the three simple setae on the process are different between the two species. In P. kajii, one ventro-subproximal, one outer, and one inner setae are distributed in the basal half of the process. In contrast, in P.juliae, one seta is placed at the tip of process, and the other two are located near the base of the process and distal to the process (Morales-Núñez et al. 2013: fig. 8B, C); this pattern is also found in P. corrigendum, P. fairgo, and P. sozo (Błażewicz-Paszkowycz and Bamber 2012; Morales-Núñez et al. 2013). These differences indicate that, even though the shape of the process is similar, the region of origin of the process is not identical: the process in P.kajii must form as an expansion of the exoskeleton originating more distally on the carpus than in P.juliae. In terms of the setal positions, male P. kajii closely resembles male P.kopure (Bird 2011), but can be distinguished from the latter by having the ventral process on the chelipedal carpus longer than wide (wider than long in P. kopure); the inner comb-row on the chelipedal propodus comprising 16 setae (about nine in P. kopure); and the dactylus and unguis of pereopods 4–6 fused (separate in P.kopure). Parakonarus robertsoni has more than 10 ventral simple setae on the chelipedal merus in both sexes, and males have four ventral simple setae on the chelipedal carpus (based on figs 13 CH and 17 CH in Edgar 2012), which distinguish this species from P.kajii. Very limited morphological information is available for P. provincialis, but it differs from P. kajii in that the ventral process on the chelipedal carpus is wider than long (longer than wide in P. kajii), the chelipedal dactylus lacks a ventroproximal triangular process (present in P. kajii), and the uropodal endopod has five articles (four in P. kajii) (Dollfus 1898). Among the eight species with information on females, the females of P. kajii, P. kopure, P. robertsoni, and P. sozo have a short body, with pereonite 4 shorter than wide. Female P. kajii differs from female P. kopure in that the ventrodistal seta on the pereopod-1 merus is short, or 0.28 times as long as the merus width (long, or 1.20 times as long as the merus width in P. kopure); the pereopod-1 unguis is 1.35 times as long as the dactylus (1.77 times as long as the dactylus in P. kopure); the carpi of pereopods 2 and 3 lack the ventrodistal spiniform seta (present in P. kopure); the propodal palm of the cheliped has two inner simple setae at the insertion of the dactylus (five in P. kopure); and article 2 of the maxillipedal palp has one mid-outer and one outer distal simple setae (one mid-outer seta only in P. kopure) (Bird 2011). Female P. kajii differs from female P. robertsoni in having the chelipedal merus and carpus respectively bearing six and three ventral simple setae (more than 10 [merus] and five or six [carpus] in P. robertsoni) (Edgar 2012). Female P.kajii differs from female P. sozo in having six ventral simple setae on the chelipedal merus (four in P. sozo), and the dactylusunguis fused in pereopods 4–6 (not fused in P. sozo) (Bamber 2013). Female P. kajii differs from P. oregmus, a congener for which only information on females is available, in having all pereonites wider than long (pereonites 4 and 5 longer than wide in P. oregmus); the chelipedal merus with six ventral simple setae (nine in P. oregmus); the pereopod 1 dactylusunguis 1.3 times as long as that of the pereopod-1 propodus (1.7 times as long in P. oregmus); and the dactylus and unguis of pereopods 4–6 fused (not fused in P.oregmus) (Bamber 2013). Information on the morphology of P. provincialis females is very limited, but this species has the antennule being longer than the cephalothorax length (Dollfus 1898: fig. 4b) whereas it is shorter in P.kajii. Our specimens showed an unusual feature on the inner surface of the chelipeds: an oval plate-like structure present in both sexes (Figs 4D †, 6J†) and an elongate plate-like structure present in males (Fig. 4D ‡). The elongate platelike structure may be a reduced ischium. In Tanaidacea, the ischium has been noted to occur on the chelipeds in only three taxa in two superfamilies (Neotanaoidea and Tanaidoidea) to date: Neotanaidae (cf. Larsen et al. 2015: fig. 59.19B), and the two tanaidoid genera Arctotanais (cf. Kakui et al. 2012: fig. 5) and Tanais (cf. Lauterbach 1970: fig. 25) (Kakui et al. 2012). In these taxa, the ischia comprise a narrow, incomplete ring or arc, and are sometimes overlooked by researchers (e.g., Sieg 1980). The structure we found in P. kajii resembles the ischium in Arctotanais and Tanais. Morales-Núñez et al. (2013: fig. 7A) illustrated a similar structure in male P. juliae. There have been no reports of a chelipedal ischium in the superfamily Paratanaoidea, which includes Parakonarus, although this article may be present but has just been overlooked in some paratanaoid species. Instead of the ischium-like structure, it is uncertain about what the oval plate-like structure is.Published as part of Kakui, Keiichi, Uyeno, Daisuke & Naruse, Tohru, 2019, First Molecularly Confirmed Conspecific Male and Female Pair in Konariinae (Crustacea: Tanaidacea), with the Description of a New Species, pp. 49-60 in Species Diversity 24 (1) on pages 51-58, DOI: 10.12782/specdiv.24.49, http://zenodo.org/record/458520
Requirements of Orbital Phase Continuity Revisited: A FMO Approach
No full text
Cyclic orbital interaction, in which a
series of orbitals interact with each other so as to make a monocyclic system,
affords stabilization if the requirements of orbital phase continuity are
satisfied. Initially, these requirements were derived from the consideration of
a three-body system. Here I propose that these requirements can be easily derived by
considering FMO theory.
</div
Comments on “The Transition Metal Catalyzed [.pi.2s + .pi.2s + .sigma.2s + .sigma.2s] Pericyclic Reaction: Woodward−Hoffmann Rules, Aromaticity, and Electron Flow" (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 19033-19039.): An Orbital Phase Theory Approach
No full textRecently, Goddard and Stoltz reported a theoretical investigation of the intramolecular coupling of two 1-allyl ligands on Pd atom (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 19033-19039.). They proposed that the symmetry-allowed [.pi.2s + .pi.2s + .sigma.2s + .sigma.2s] orbital interaction is essential to achieve the reaction. However, there are four issues of misunderstanding: (i) Two .sigma.Pd-C orbitals, which are in phase combination of the hybrid orbitals, are always and unexeptionaly associated with two out-of-phase-combined .sigma.*Pd-C’s. Thus, total of four orbitals, two .sigma.Pd-C’s and .sigma.*Pd-C’s, are to be generated from only three orbitals, one dPd orbital and two nC’s; (ii) Two .pi.2s orbitals and .sigma.2s ones are all bonding and occupied orbitals so that interaction among them should lead to destabilization, not stabilization; (iii) Two .pi.2s orbitals are combined out of phase so that it is not appropriate to make a bond between them; (iv) Normally, two .eta.1-allyl ligands are regarded as two electron donors, while the Pd atom is an acceptor. From the orbital phase theory perspective, cyclic orbital interactions among d*Pd-.pi.2/allyl-.pi.2/allyl-, d*Pd-.pi.*3/allyl-.pi.2/allyl- and d*Pd-.pi.2/allyl-.pi.*3/allyl- are phase-continuous so that they can produce stabilization at the TS. The HOMO at the TS should consist of superimposition of these interactions
Combinatorial formulas for shifted dual stable Grothendieck polynomials
No full textThe K-theoretic Schur P- and Q-functions GPλ and GQλ may be concretely defined as weight generating functions for semistandard shifted set-valued tableaux. These symmetric functions are the shifted analogues of stable Grothendieck polynomials, and were introduced by Ikeda and Naruse for applications in geometry. Nakagawa and Naruse specified families of dual K-theoretic Schur P- and Q-functions gpλ and gqλ via a Cauchy identity involving GPλ and GQλ. They conjectured that the dual power series are weight generating functions for certain shifted plane partitions. We prove this conjecture. We also derive a related generating function formula for the images of gpλ and gqλ under the ω involution of the ring of symmetric functions. This confirms a conjecture of Chiu and the second author. Using these results, we verify a conjecture of Ikeda and Naruse that the GQ-functions are a basis for a ring.</p
Orbital Phase Perspective of Goodenough-Kanamori-Anderson Rules (GKA Rules) in Superexchange Interaction
No full text
- …
