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    Kuratite IMA 2013-109

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    The information given here is provided by the IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification for comparative purposes and as a service to mineralogists working on new species.Fil: Hwang, Shyh-Lung. National Dong Hwa University. Department of Materials Science and Engineering; República de ChinaFil: Shen, Pouyan. National Sun Yat-sen University. Institute of Materials Science and Engineering; República de ChinaFil: Chu, Hao-Tsu. Central Geological Survey; República de ChinaFil: Yui, Tzen-Fu. Academia Sinica. Institute of Earth Sciences; República de ChinaFil: Varela, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cienti­ficas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronomicas de la Tierra y del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Iizuka, Yoshiyuki. Central Geological Survey; República de Chin

    Otolith O and C Stable Isotope Compositions of Southern Bluefin Tuna Thunnus maccoyii (Pisces: Scombridae) as Possible Environmental and Physiological Indicators

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    This study evaluated the use of stable isotopic signatures stored in otoliths to study the migratory life history of the southern bluefin tuna (SBT, Thunnus maccoyii). Otolith powders were sequentially collected from the edge to the core for stable oxygen (O) and carbon (C) isotopic analysis. All specimens (n=11) analyzed showed a 3-stage profile of stable O and C isotope compositions. Values of δ^18 O decreased from approximately -1.5‰ to -3.0‰ in early life, followed by an increase to approximately -1‰ at an age of 1 yr, and the values remained at the δ^18 O-enriched level with moderate fluctuations for the remaining lifetime. Hatchling SBT appeared to stay in the spawning ground for approximately 1 mo and then migrate southward, experiencing a temperature decrease of 8-10℃ to about 20-25℃ until 1 yr old. Water temperatures varied between approximately 15 and 25℃ with no evident trend over the remaining life. However, the ambient water temperature might have been overestimated during the subadult to adult stages of the SBT when their thermal conservation ability was fully developed. The otolith δ^13 C profile followed broadly similar trends to those of δ^18 O, showing depletion from approximately -6.5‰ to -10.5‰ in the early life stages, followed by abrupt enrichment up to -6‰ to -8‰ at an approximately age of 1 yr. Otolith δ^13 C reached a plateau earlier in the 1st year than did δ18O and showed greater variation over the remaining life. Interpretation of otolith δ^13 C values is complicated, but the results suggest progressive transitions of ontogeny, metabolism, and trophic levels for the SBT. Otolith stable O and C isotope analyses provide continuous information about the migratory life history and contribute to our presently limited understanding of the SBT migratory cycle
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